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Article: NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION IN A SPIDER AND THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM.

RATHMAYER, W

2003 Volume 14, Page(s) 673–687

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Axons ; Calcium ; Electrophysiology ; Neural Conduction ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Pharmacology ; Potassium ; Research ; Spiders ; Synaptic Transmission
Chemical Substances	Potassium (RWP5GA015D) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-08-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121245-x
ISSN	0010-406X
ISSN	0010-406X
DOI	10.1016/0010-406x(65)90254-9
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Article: Presynaptic inhibition and the participation of GABA(B) receptors at neuromuscular junctions of the crab Eriphia spinifrons.

Rathmayer, W / Djokaj, S

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology

2000 Volume 186, Issue 3, Page(s) 287–298

Abstract: Presynaptic inhibition exerted by the common inhibitor on the closer and opener muscles and by the specific inhibitor on the opener muscle was investigated in the crab Eriphia spinifrons. In the closer muscle, activation of GABA(B) receptors by baclofen ... ...

Abstract	Presynaptic inhibition exerted by the common inhibitor on the closer and opener muscles and by the specific inhibitor on the opener muscle was investigated in the crab Eriphia spinifrons. In the closer muscle, activation of GABA(B) receptors by baclofen reduced the mean quantal content of excitatory junctional currents by about 25%. Blocking GABA(B) receptors with CGP 55845 diminished presynaptic inhibition at a similar percentage. GABA(B) receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition is linked to G proteins. Application of pertussis toxin eliminated about 25% of the inhibition exerted by the common inhibitory neuron. GABA(B) receptors participate in presynaptic inhibition at release boutons of the slow and the fast closer excitor at a similar percentage. In the opener muscle, presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release from the same endings of the opener excitor was about 15% stronger with the specific inhibitor than with the common inhibitor. About 10% of the presynaptic inhibition produced by either one of the two inhibitors could be abolished by blocking GABA(B) receptors. The amplitudes of the excitatory junctional currents in the opener were reduced in the presence of baclofen by about 25%, suggesting that synaptic terminals of the opener excitor are endowed with a similar percentage of GABA(B) receptors as terminals of the slow and the fast closer excitors. Baclofen had no effect on postsynaptic inhibition, indicating that GABA(B) receptors are not involved in postsynaptic neuromuscular inhibition.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Baclofen/administration & dosage ; Baclofen/pharmacology ; Brachyura/physiology ; GABA Agonists/administration & dosage ; GABA Agonists/pharmacology ; Neuromuscular Junction/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Receptors, GABA-B/physiology ; Receptors, Presynaptic/physiology
Chemical Substances	GABA Agonists ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Receptors, GABA-B ; Receptors, Presynaptic ; Baclofen (H789N3FKE8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DOI	10.1007/s003590050429
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Article: Anemone toxin discriminates between ionic channels for receptor potential and for action potential production in a sensory neuron.

Rathmayer, W

Neuroscience letters

1979 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 313–318

Abstract: The effect of anemone toxin (ATX II), which slows sodium channel inactivation at electrically excitable membranes, was investigated in the slowly adapting stretch receptor organ of crayfish. The toxin affected the action potentials, but produced no ... ...

Abstract	The effect of anemone toxin (ATX II), which slows sodium channel inactivation at electrically excitable membranes, was investigated in the slowly adapting stretch receptor organ of crayfish. The toxin affected the action potentials, but produced no changes in the stretch induced receptor potentials. This finding is further proof for the high selectivity of this toxin molecule for sodium channels which are gated by membrane depolarissations.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/drug effects ; Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects ; Animals ; Astacoidea ; Cnidarian Venoms/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Mechanoreceptors/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Cnidarian Venoms ; Ion Channels
Language	English
Publishing date	1979-08
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/0304-3940(79)91512-x
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Article: Presynaptic effects of octopamine, serotonin, and cocktails of the two modulators on neuromuscular transmission in crustaceans.

Djokaj, S / Cooper, R L / Rathmayer, W

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology

2004 Volume 187, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–154

Abstract: The effect of the biogenic amines octopamine and serotonin, and of both amines combined (cocktails) on transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions of two crustaceans was studied. octopamine (10(-8) mol l(-1) to 10(-6) mol l(-1)) either enhanced or ... ...

Abstract	The effect of the biogenic amines octopamine and serotonin, and of both amines combined (cocktails) on transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions of two crustaceans was studied. octopamine (10(-8) mol l(-1) to 10(-6) mol l(-1)) either enhanced or decreased evoked transmitter release through presynaptic effects. The results were identical for the slow and the fast excitor in the closer muscle of the crab, and for the excitor in the opener muscle of the crayfish. Application of serotonin always resulted in a strong increase of release. However, this potentiating effect of serotonin was reduced in strength by subsequent application of cocktails consisting of serotonin and octopamine. In all experiments, a cocktail of serotonin and octopamine was less effective than serotonin alone. The decrease in the mean quantal content m by octopamine was due to a reduction of the probability of release p. Since both amines are synthesized in the central nervous system and are released from neurohaemal organs into the haemolymph bathing the neuromuscular junctions, the results suggest that the two amines, when present together, modulate transmitter release in an antagonistic way, and that the level of the two determines synaptic efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Crustacea/physiology ; Drug Interactions ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hemolymph/chemistry ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Neuromuscular Junction/physiology ; Octopamine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
Chemical Substances	Octopamine (14O50WS8JD) ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-10-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DOI	10.1007/s003590100187
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Article: Sea anemone toxins: tools in the study of excitable membranes.

Rathmayer, W

Advances in cytopharmacology

1979 Volume 3, Page(s) 335–344

MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials ; Animals ; Anura ; Astacoidea ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dogs ; Electricity ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiopathology ; Heart Diseases/etiology ; Ion Channels ; Membranes/physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue/physiology ; Neurotoxins/isolation & purification ; Neurotoxins/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sea Anemones
Chemical Substances	Ion Channels ; Neurotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	1979
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	183888-x
ISSN	0084-5949
ISSN	0084-5949
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Article: A dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent calcium channel in the sarcolemmal membrane of crustacean muscle.

Erxleben, C / Rathmayer, W

The Journal of general physiology

1997 Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) 313–326

Abstract: Single-channel currents through calcium channels in muscle of a marine crustacean, the isopod Idotea baltica, were investigated in cell-attached patches. Inward barium currents were strongly voltage-dependent, and the channels were closed at the cell's ... ...

Abstract	Single-channel currents through calcium channels in muscle of a marine crustacean, the isopod Idotea baltica, were investigated in cell-attached patches. Inward barium currents were strongly voltage-dependent, and the channels were closed at the cell's resting membrane potential. The open probability (Po) increased e-fold for an 8.2 mV (+/- 2.4, n = 13) depolarization. Channel opening were mainly brief (< 0.3 ms) and evenly distributed throughout 100-ms pulses. Averaged, quasimacroscopic currents showed fast activation and deactivation and did not inactivate during 100-ms test pulses. Similarly, channel activity persisted at steadily depolarized holding potentials. With 200 mM Ba2+ as charge carrier, the average slope conductance from the unitary currents between +30 and +80 mV, was 20 pS (+/- 2.6, n = 12). The proportion of long openings, which were very infrequent under control conditions, was greatly increased by preincubation of the muscle fibers with the calcium channel agonist, the dihydropyridine Bay K8644 (10-100 microM). Properties of these currents resemble those through the L-type calcium channels of mammalian nerve, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle cells.
MeSH term(s)	3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology ; Animals ; Barium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Crustacea/metabolism ; Dihydropyridines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology ; Muscles/drug effects ; Muscles/metabolism ; Muscles/ultrastructure ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Sarcolemma/drug effects ; Sarcolemma/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channel Agonists ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Calcium Channels ; Dihydropyridines ; Barium (24GP945V5T) ; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester (71145-03-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3118-5
ISSN	1540-7748 ; 0022-1295
ISSN (online)	1540-7748
ISSN	0022-1295
DOI	10.1085/jgp.109.3.313
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Article: Photoinactivation of an identified motoneurone in the locust Locusta migratoria.

Bässler, D / Rathmayer, W

The Journal of experimental biology

1996 Volume 199, Issue Pt 11, Page(s) 2369–2382

Abstract: 1. The common inhibitory motoneurone 1 (CI1) in the mesothoracic ganglion of the locust was photoinactivated using a helium-cadmium laser or a mercury lamp as light source. Treated animals showed no signs of abnormal locomotory behaviour over periods of ... ...

Abstract	1. The common inhibitory motoneurone 1 (CI1) in the mesothoracic ganglion of the locust was photoinactivated using a helium-cadmium laser or a mercury lamp as light source. Treated animals showed no signs of abnormal locomotory behaviour over periods of up to 40 days. 2. Photoinactivation of part of the neurone in the ganglion, i.e. the soma and the primary neurite, is sufficient to cause irreversible degeneration of all the peripheral extensions of the neurone. Three weeks after photoinactivation, all GABA immunoreactivity had disappeared from the axon branches of the photoinactivated neurone and from their terminals on one of the target muscles investigated, the anterior coxa rotator M92, and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials could no longer be elicited through stimulation. This was taken as proof of functional denervation of the muscle with regard to its inhibitory input. By this time, the axon of CI1 in nerve N3C1, which supplies M92, had also disappeared. 3. Animals treated during the fourth or fifth instars showed a permanent loss of the photoinactivated mesothoracic CI1 neurone after moulting into adulthood. 4. Denervation of M92 in the middle legs of instars and adults by axotomy of N3 always led to rapid functional reinnervation of the muscle. The first sign of reinnervation (excitatory neuromuscular activity upon mechanical stimulation of the tarsi) was detected electrophysiologically as early as 8 days after severing the motor nerve. 5. The elimination of CI1 by photoinactivation for a period of up to 40 days did not influence parameters of the target muscle, such as size, number of fibres and phenotypes of fibres defined histochemically according to their myofibrillar ATPase isoforms, irrespective of whether the operation was performed in instars or adults. Similarly, the short period of denervation following axotomy before reinnervation took place did not affect the fibre type composition of the muscle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Denervation ; Female ; Grasshoppers/growth & development ; Histocytochemistry ; Light ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Motor Neurons/radiation effects ; Motor Neurons/ultrastructure
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218085-6
ISSN	1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
ISSN (online)	1477-9145
ISSN	0022-0949
DOI	10.1242/jeb.199.11.2369
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Article: Non-uniformity of sarcomere lengths can explain the 'catch-like' effect of arthropod muscle.

Günzel, D / Rathmayer, W

Journal of muscle research and cell motility

1994 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 535–546

Abstract: The 'catch-like' effect, a hysteresis phenomenon in arthropod skeletal muscle contraction thought to be related to the catch of molluscan smooth muscle, was investigated in the closer muscle of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Several parameters were varied ... ...

Abstract	The 'catch-like' effect, a hysteresis phenomenon in arthropod skeletal muscle contraction thought to be related to the catch of molluscan smooth muscle, was investigated in the closer muscle of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Several parameters were varied to determine their influence on the catch-like effect. These parameters were (1) the frequency of repetitive stimulation of the slow excitatory neuron, (2) additional stimulation of the inhibitory neuron, (3) the amount of stretch applied to the muscle and (4) the stiffness of the mechano-electrical transducer. The results show that the catch-like effect is not related to the catch of molluscan smooth muscle but rather to the 'residual force enhancement' or 'creep' phenomenon described for vertebrate muscle. A hypothesis for residual force enhancement implies that the increase in force is caused by non-uniformity of sarcomere lengths along the muscle fibre. Based on this hypothesis and the actual force-length relationship of the crab muscle studied, calculations were carried out to determine, if the observed catch-like effect can be explained by such a model. The calculations corroborate the experimental evidence. The catch-like effect of arthropod muscles can thus be explained by the same mechanism responsible for residual force enhancement and creep in vertebrate muscle. A physiological relevance of the catch-like effect in arthropod muscle is inferred.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthropods/physiology ; Arthropods/ultrastructure ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brachyura/physiology ; Brachyura/ultrastructure ; Extremities/anatomy & histology ; Extremities/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mollusca/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure ; Sarcomeres/ultrastructure ; Stress, Mechanical ; Vertebrates/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283053-x
ISSN	1573-2657 ; 0142-4319
ISSN (online)	1573-2657
ISSN	0142-4319
DOI	10.1007/bf00121159
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Article: Voltage-clamp analysis of membrane currents and excitation-contraction coupling in a crustacean muscle.

Weiss, T / Erxleben, C / Rathmayer, W

Journal of muscle research and cell motility

2001 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 329–344

Abstract: A single fibre preparation from the extensor muscle of a marine isopod crustacean is described which allows the analysis of membrane currents and simultaneously recorded contractions under two-electrode voltage-clamp conditions. We show that there are ... ...

Abstract	A single fibre preparation from the extensor muscle of a marine isopod crustacean is described which allows the analysis of membrane currents and simultaneously recorded contractions under two-electrode voltage-clamp conditions. We show that there are three main depolarisation-gated currents, two are outward and carried by K+, the third is an inward Ca2+ current, I(Ca). Normally, the K+ currents which can be isolated by using K+ channel blockers, mask I(Ca). I(Ca) activates at potentials more positive than -40 mV, is maximal around 0 mV, and shows strong inactivation at higher depolarisation. Inactivation depends on current rather than voltage. Ba2+, Sr2+ and Mg2+ can substitute for Ca2+. Ba2+ currents are about 80% larger than Ca2+ currents and inactivate little. The properties of I(Ca) characterise it as a high threshold L-type current. The outward current consists primarily of a fast, transient A current, I(K(A)) and a maintained, delayed rectifier current, I(K(V)). In some fibres, a small Ca2+-dependent K+ current is also present. I(K(A)) activates fast at depolarisation above -45 mV, shows pronounced inactivation and is almost completely inactivated at holding potentials more positive than -40 mV. I(K(A)) is half-maximally blocked by 70 microM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and 70 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA). I(K(V)) activates more slowly, at about -30 mV, and shows no inactivation. It is half-maximally blocked by 2 mM TEA but rather insensitive to 4-AP. Physiologically, the two K+ currents prevent all-or-nothing action potentials and determine the graded amplitude of active electrical responses and associated contractions. Tension development depends on and is correlated with depolarisation-induced Ca2+ influx mediated by I(Ca). The voltage dependence of peak tension corresponds directly to the voltage dependence of the integrated I(Ca). The threshold potential for contraction is at about -38 mV. Peak tension increases with increasing voltage steps, reaches maximum at around 0 mV, and declines with further depolarisation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Cations, Divalent/pharmacology ; Cations, Monovalent/pharmacology ; Cobalt/pharmacology ; Crustacea/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods ; Patch-Clamp Techniques/statistics & numerical data ; Potassium/physiology
Chemical Substances	Calcium Channel Blockers ; Calcium Channels ; Cations, Divalent ; Cations, Monovalent ; Cobalt (3G0H8C9362) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283053-x
ISSN	1573-2657 ; 0142-4319
ISSN (online)	1573-2657
ISSN	0142-4319
DOI	10.1023/a:1013154612985
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Article: Shortening velocity and force/pCa relationship in skinned crab muscle fibres of different types.

Galler, S / Rathmayer, W

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology

1992 Volume 420, Issue 2, Page(s) 187–193

Abstract: Single fibres of three different types, which had been characterized histochemically with regard to differences in myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and its pH stability, were microdissected from freeze dried preparations of the ... ...

Abstract	Single fibres of three different types, which had been characterized histochemically with regard to differences in myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and its pH stability, were microdissected from freeze dried preparations of the closer muscle in walking legs of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Shortening velocities were determined in slack tests and under constant load conditions in maximally Ca(2+)-activated skinned muscle fibres. Force/pCa relationships were also measured for the different types of fibres. Compared with data on vertebrate muscles, all crab muscle fibres required large length changes to reach zero force and showed low Ca2+ sensitivity for isometric force generation. The length/time relationship obtained from slack tests had a biphasic course. Maximal velocity of filament sliding differed in the three types of fibres investigated. The filament sliding of type IV fibres was about 3 times faster than that of type I fibres. The values obtained for type II fibres ranged in between. These data are positively correlated with myofibrillar ATPase activity determined histochemically. Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation was lowest in the fast type IV fibres. It was high in the slow type I and the faster contracting type II fibres. Ca2+ sensitivity in crab muscle seems not to be correlated with speed of shortening.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphatases/physiology ; Animals ; Brachyura ; Calcium/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/enzymology ; Muscles/physiology
Chemical Substances	Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	6380-0
ISSN	1432-2013 ; 0031-6768
ISSN (online)	1432-2013
ISSN	0031-6768
DOI	10.1007/bf00374989
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