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Article ; Online: Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19: A Biological Database Study on Pathways and Gene-Disease Associations.

Alcalá-Santiago, Ángela / Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel / Rava, Marta / Jiménez-Sousa, María Ángeles / Gil, Ángel / Sánchez, María José / Molina-Montes, Esther

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 22

Abstract: Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble vitamin, and pivotal for maintaining health. Several genetic markers have been related to a deficient VD status; these markers could confer an increased risk to develop osteoporosis and other chronic diseases. A VD ... ...

Abstract	Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble vitamin, and pivotal for maintaining health. Several genetic markers have been related to a deficient VD status; these markers could confer an increased risk to develop osteoporosis and other chronic diseases. A VD deficiency could also be a determinant of a severe COVID-19 disease. This study aimed to interrogate genetic/biological databases on the biological implications of a VD deficiency and its association with diseases, to further explore its link with COVID-19. The genetic variants of both a VD deficiency and COVID-19 were identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog and other sources. We conducted enrichment analyses (considering corrected p-values < 0.05 as statistically significant) of the pathways, and gene-disease associations using tools, such as FUMA, REVIGO, DAVID and DisGeNET, and databases, such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). There were 26 and 46 genes associated with a VD deficiency and COVID-19, respectively. However, there were no genes shared between the two. Genes related to a VD deficiency were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, retinol, drugs and xenobiotics, and were associated with the metabolic syndrome and related factors (obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus), as well as with neoplasms. There were few enriched pathways and disease connections for the COVID-19-related genes, among which some of the aforementioned comorbidities were also present. In conclusion, genetic factors that influence the VD levels in the body are most prominently associated with nutritional and metabolic diseases. A VD deficiency in high-risk populations could be therefore relevant in a severe COVID-19, underlining the need to examine whether a VD supplementation could reduce the severity of this disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology ; Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics ; Vitamin D/genetics ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamins
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms232214256
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Article ; Online: HIV medical care interruption among people living with HIV in Spain, 2004-2020.

Izquierdo, Rebeca / Rava, Marta / Moreno-García, Estela / Blanco, José Ramón / Asensi, Víctor / Cervero, Miguel / Curran, Adrian / Rubio, Rafael / Iribarren, José Antonio / Jarrín, Inmaculada

AIDS (London, England)

2023 Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 1277–1284

Abstract: Objective: We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16-year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network in 2004- ...

Abstract	Objective: We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16-year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network in 2004-2020. Design: We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged at least 18 years at enrolment, recruited between January 1, 2004, and August 30, 2019, and followed-up until November 30, 2020. Methods: Individuals with any time interval of at least 15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI. We calculated the incidence rate (IR) of having at least one MCI and used multivariable Poisson regression models to identify associated risk factors. Results: Of 15 274 individuals, 5481 (35.9%) had at least one MCI. Of those, 2536 (46.3%) returned to HIV care after MCI and 3753 (68.5%) were lost to follow-up at the end of the study period. The incidence rate (IR) of MCI was 7.2/100 person-years (py) [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0-7.4]. The annual IR gradually decreased from 20.5/100 py (95% CI: 16.4-25.6) in 2004 to 4.9/100 py (95% CI: 4.4-5.5) in 2014, a slight increase was observed between 2015 and 2018, reaching 9.3/100 py (95% CI: 8.6-10.2) in 2019. Risk factors for MCI included younger age, lower educational level, having contracted HIV infection through injecting drug use or heterosexual intercourse, having been born outside of Spain, and CD4 + cell count >200 cell/μl, viral load <100 000 and co-infection with hepatitis C virus at enrolment. Conclusions: Around a third of individuals had at least one MCI during the follow-up. Identified predictors of MCI can help health workers to target and support most vulnerable individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Adult ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Spain/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Incidence
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003552
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Article ; Online: Mortality due to non-AIDS-defining cancers among people living with HIV in Spain over 18 years of follow-up.

Suárez-García, I / Gutierrez, Félix / Pérez-Molina, José A / Moreno, Santiago / Aldamiz, Teresa / Valencia Ortega, Eulalia / Curran, Adrián / Gutiérrez González, Sara / Asensi, Víctor / Amador Prous, Concha / Jarrin, Inma / Rava, Marta

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology

2023 Volume 149, Issue 20, Page(s) 18161–18171

Abstract: Purpose: Our aim was to describe non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH), to compare it with that of the general population, and to assess potential risk factors.: Methods: We included antiretroviral-naive PLWH ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Our aim was to describe non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH), to compare it with that of the general population, and to assess potential risk factors. Methods: We included antiretroviral-naive PLWH from the multicentre CoRIS cohort (2004-2021). We estimated mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). We used cause-specific Cox models to identify risk factors. Results: Among 17,978 PLWH, NADC caused 21% of all deaths observed during the follow-up. Mortality rate due to NADC was 1.58 (95%CI 1.36, 1.83) × 1000 person-years and lung and liver were the most frequent cancer-related causes of death. PLWH had 79% excess NADC mortality risk compared to the general population with the highest SMR found for Hodgkin lymphoma, anal and liver cancers. The SMRs decreased with age and were the highest in age groups under 50 years. The most important prognostic factor was low CD4 count, followed by smoking, viral hepatitis and HIV transmission through heterosexual contact or injection drug use. Conclusion: Non-AIDS cancers are an important cause of death among PLWH. The excess mortality related to certain malignancies and the association with immunodeficiency, smoking, and coinfections highlights the need for early detection and treatment of cancer in this population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Spain/epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Hodgkin Disease/complications ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134792-5
ISSN	1432-1335 ; 0171-5216 ; 0084-5353 ; 0943-9382
ISSN (online)	1432-1335
ISSN	0171-5216 ; 0084-5353 ; 0943-9382
DOI	10.1007/s00432-023-05500-9
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Article ; Online: Unplanned pregnancies and social and partner support during pregnancy in Spanish women living with HIV.

Ruiz-Algueró, Marta / Izquierdo, Rebeca / Suárez-García, Ines / Moreno, Cristina / Alejos, Belen / Rava, Marta / Moreno, Santiago / Montero Alonso, Marta / Gutiérrez, Felix / Gutierrez Cuellar, Isabel / Curran, Adrián / Hernando, Victoria / Jarrín, Inma

HIV medicine

2023 Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 727–737

Abstract: Objectives: To describe prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancies, and social and partner support during pregnancy among women from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS).: Methods: We included all women ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To describe prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancies, and social and partner support during pregnancy among women from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: We included all women recruited in CoRIS from 2004 to 2019, aged 18-50 years at recruitment who were pregnant during 2020. We designed a questionnaire, organized into the following domains: sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol consumption, pregnancy and reproductive health, and social and partner support. The information was gathered via telephone interviews conducted from June to December 2021. We calculated prevalence of unplanned pregnancies as well as odds ratios (ORs) of association and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to sociodemographic, clinical and reproductive characteristics. Results: Among 53 women who were pregnant during 2020, 38 (71.7%) answered the questionnaire. Median age at pregnancy was 36 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31-39], 27 (71.1%) women were born outside of Spain, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (39.5%) and 17 (44.7%) were employed. Thirty-four (89.5%) women had been through previous pregnancies and 32 (84.2%) had experienced previous abortions/miscarriages. Seventeen (44.7%) women had shared with their clinician their desire to get pregnant. Thirty-four (89.5%) pregnancies were natural and four used assisted reproductive techniques (in vitro fertilizations; one additionally used oocyte donation). Of 34 women with natural pregnancies, pregnancy was unplanned in 21 (61.8%) and 25 (73.5%) had information on how to become pregnant avoiding HIV transmission to the baby and partner. Women who did not seek advice from their physician about becoming pregnant had a significantly increased risk of unplanned pregnancy (OR = 71.25, 95% CI: 8.96-566.67). Overall, 14 (36.8%) women reported having low social support during pregnancy and 27 (71.0%) had good/very good support by their partner. Conclusions: Most pregnancies were natural and unplanned and very few women had talked with their clinician about their desire to become pregnant. A high proportion of women reported low social support during pregnancy.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy, Unplanned ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Social Support ; Spain/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2001932-4
ISSN	1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
ISSN (online)	1468-1293
ISSN	1464-2662
DOI	10.1111/hiv.13469
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Article ; Online: Life expectancy of people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Spain.

Jarrín, Inma / Rava, Marta / Del Romero Raposo, Jorge / Rivero, Antonio / Del Romero Guerrero, Jorge / De Lagarde, María / Martínez Sanz, Javier / Navarro, Gemma / Dalmau, David / Blanco, José Ramón / Koerting, Ana / Gomez Castell, Javier / Del Amo, Julia

AIDS (London, England)

2023 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 387–395

Abstract: Objective: To estimate life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) and describe causes of death.: Design: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults from the CoRIS cohort starting ART in 2004-2019.: Methods: We calculated life expectancy at age 40 for ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) and describe causes of death. Design: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults from the CoRIS cohort starting ART in 2004-2019. Methods: We calculated life expectancy at age 40 for men and women according to their ART initiation period, and stratified by transmission category, CD4 + cell count and AIDS diagnosis. We estimated life expectancy in 10-year age bands using life tables constructed from mortality rates, estimated through Poisson models. Results: Life expectancy increased from 65.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.0-66.6] in 2004-2008 to 72.9 (72.2-73.7) in 2014-2019 in men [general population comparators (GPC): 79.1 and 81.2 years, respectively] and from 65.8 (65.0-66.6) to 72.5 (71.8-73.3) in women (GPC: 84.9 and 86.4, respectively). Non-AIDS-related deaths accounted for 68% of deaths among men and 78% among women. Life expectancy was longer when starting ART with higher CD4 + cell counts and without AIDS. For men acquiring HIV through sex with men, starting ART in 2014-2019 without AIDS, life expectancy was 75.0 (74.2-75.7) with CD4 + cell count less than 200 cells/μl, rising to 78.1 (77.5-78.8) with CD4 + cell count at least 350 cells/μl. Corresponding figures were 70.1 (69.4-70.9) and 76.0 (75.3-76.7) for men acquiring HIV heterosexually (HTX) and 61.5 (60.7-62.3) and 69.0 (68.2-69.8) for those acquiring HIV through injection drug use (IDU). For women starting ART from 2014 without AIDS, life expectancy increased from 71.7 (71.0-72.4) to 77.3 (76.7-77.9) among HTX and from 63.7 (62.9-64.5) to 70.7 (70.0-71.5) among IDU. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the progressive improvement of life expectancy in PWH in Spain over the last decades, supporting the insurability of PWH on suppressive ART in our current setting and time.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Spain/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Cohort Studies ; Life Expectancy ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003772
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Article ; Online: Incidence of Anal Cancer and Related Risk Factors in HIV-Infected Patients Enrolled in the National Prospective Spanish Cohort CoRIS.

Sendagorta Cudós, Elena / Sotomayor, César / Masia Canuto, Mar / Cabello, Alfonso / Curran, Adrian / Ocampo, Antonio / Rava, Marta / Muriel, Alfonso / Macías, Juan / Rial-Crestelo, David / Martínez-Sanz, Javier / Martinez, Lorena / de la Villa López-Sánchez, María / Perez-Molina, José A

Diseases of the colon and rectum

2023 Volume 66, Issue 12, Page(s) e1186–e1194

Abstract: Background: People living with HIV have an increased risk of anal cancer.: Objective: To estimate anal cancer incidence and related risk factors in a national cohort of HIV-infected patients.: Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: People living with HIV have an increased risk of anal cancer. Objective: To estimate anal cancer incidence and related risk factors in a national cohort of HIV-infected patients. Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Settings: Multicenter study including patients from the Spanish HIV Research Network. Patients: We collected data from 16,274 HIV-infected treatment-naive adults recruited from January 2004 to November 2020. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcome measures of this study were the incidence and prevalence of anal carcinoma. The secondary outcome measures included the associations between baseline and time-dependent covariables and the primary end point. Results: Twenty-six cases of anal cancer were diagnosed, 22 of which were incident cases resulting in a cumulative incidence of 22.29 of 100,000 person-years, which was stable during the study period. At the end of the study, 20 of the 43 centers had screening programs for high-grade anal dysplasia. Patients with anal cancer were males (26/26; 100% vs 13,833/16,248; 85.1%), were mostly men who have sex with men (23/26; 88.5% vs 10,017/16,248; 61.6%), had a median age of 43 years (interquartile range, 35-51), were more frequently previously diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness (9/26; 34.6% vs 2429/16,248; 15%), and had lower nadir CD4 cell counts (115 vs 303 µL). About a third (34.6%, 9/26) were younger than 35 years. In multivariable analysis, men who have sex with men and patients with previous AIDS-defining illness had an 8.3-fold (95% CI, 1.9-36.3) and 2.7-fold (95% CI, 1.1-6.6) increased HR for developing anal cancer, respectively. Patients with higher CD4 cell counts during the follow-up showed a 28% lower risk per each additional 100 CD4 cell/µL (95% CI, 41%-22%). Limitations: Lack of information on some potential risk factors, screening, and treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia were not uniformly initiated across centers during the study period. Conclusions: Although the overall incidence in our study was low, there was a significant number of patients younger than 35 years with anal cancer. In addition to age, other factors, such as men who have sex with men and patients with severe immunosuppression (current or past), should be prioritized for anal cancer screening. Incidencia del cncer de ano y los factores de riesgo relacionados con pacientes infectados por vih incluidos en la cohorte prospectiva nacional espaola coris: ANTECEDENTES:Las personas portadoras del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer anal.OBJETIVO:Nosotros queremos estimar la incidencia de cáncer anal y los factores de riesgo relacionados en una cohorte nacional española de pacientes infectados por VIH.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohortes de tipo multicéntrico y prospectivo.ÁMBITO:Se incluyeron pacientes de la Red Española de Investigación en VIH.PACIENTES:Recolectamos los datos de 16,274 adultos infectados por el VIH que nunca habían recibido tratamiento, reclutados desde enero de 2004 hasta noviembre de 2020.MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO PRINCIPALES:Las medidas de resultado primarias de este estudio fueron la incidencia y la prevalencia del carcinoma anal. Las medidas de resultado secundarias incluyeron las asociaciones entre las covariables basales y dependientes del tiempo y el criterio principal de valoración.RESULTADOS:Se diagnosticaron 26 casos de cáncer anal, de los cuales 22 fueron casos incidentales resultando con una incidencia acumulada de 22,29/100.000 personas-año que se mantuvo estable durante el período de estudio.Al final de nuestro estudio, 20 de los 43 centros referentes tenían programas de detección de displasia anal de alto grado. Los pacientes con cáncer anal eran hombres (26/26; 100% vs 13 833/16 248; 85,1%), en su mayoría hombres que mantenían sexo con otros hombres (23/26; 88,5% vs 10 017/16 248; 61,6%), la mediana de edad fue de 43 años (IQR: 3 -51), 34,6% (9/26) < 35 años, previa y frecuentemente diagnosticados con una enfermedad definitoria de SIDA (9/26; 34,6% vs 2429/16248; 15%) y que tenían un punto opuesto mucho más bajo en el recuentos de células CD4 (115 µL frente a 303 µL).En el análisis multivariable, los hombres que tenían relaciones sexuales con otros hombres y los pacientes con enfermedades definitorias de sida anteriores, tenían un aumento de 8,3 veces (IC del 95%: 1,9 a 36,3) y de 2,7 veces (IC del 95%: 1,1 a 6,6) en el cociente de riesgos instantáneos para desarrollar cáncer anal, respectivamente. Los pacientes con recuentos de células CD4 más altos durante el seguimiento mostraron un riesgo 28 % menor por cada 100 células CD4/µl adicionales (95% IC: 41%- 22%).LIMITACIONES:La falta de información sobre algunos factores potenciales de riesgo, la detección y el tratamiento de la displasia anal de alto grado no se iniciaron uniformemente en todos los centros durante el período de estudio.CONCLUSIONES:Si bien la incidencia general en nuestro estudio fue baja, hubo un número significativo de pacientes de <35 años con cáncer anal. Además de la edad, otros factores como los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y los pacientes con inmunosupresión severa (actual o pasada) deben priorizarse para la detección del cáncer anal. ( Traducción-Dr. Xavier Delgadillo ).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Incidence ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Cohort Studies ; Homosexuality, Male ; Prospective Studies ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Carcinoma ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212581-x
ISSN	1530-0358 ; 0012-3706
ISSN (online)	1530-0358
ISSN	0012-3706
DOI	10.1097/DCR.0000000000002940
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Article ; Online: Low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in late and non-late presenters: results from a multicentre cohort study, 2004-2018.

Domínguez-Domínguez, Lourdes / Rava, Marta / Bisbal, Otilia / Lopez-Cortés, Luis / Portilla, Joaquín / Podzamczer, Daniel / Olalla, Julián / Fuster, Daniel / Rubio, Rafael / Jarrín, Inmaculada / Iribarren, José Antonio / Moreno, Santiago

BMC infectious diseases

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 379

Abstract: Background: To study whether the association between the CD4/CD8 ratio variation over time and the development of clinical outcomes vary in late presenters (CD4 count < 350/µL or AIDS event at enrolment) or advanced presenters (CD4 count < 200/µL or ... ...

Abstract	Background: To study whether the association between the CD4/CD8 ratio variation over time and the development of clinical outcomes vary in late presenters (CD4 count < 350/µL or AIDS event at enrolment) or advanced presenters (CD4 count < 200/µL or AIDS event at enrolment). Methods: We included ART-naïve adults from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) enrolled between January 2004 up to November 2018 and with at least 6 months of follow-up. We used extended Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between CD4/CD8 ratio over time and a composite endpoint of the occurrence of the first AIDS event, first serious non-AIDS event or overall mortality occurring from 6 months after enrolment. HRs in non-late, late and advanced presenters were obtained by including an interaction term between late presentation status and CD4/CD8 ratio over time. Results: Of 10,018 participants, 55.6% were late presenters and 26.5% were advanced presenters. Compared with CD4/CD8 ratio > 0.4, CD4/CD8 ratio ≤ 0.4 over time was associated with an increased risk of experiencing the composite endpoint in non-late (HR 1.90; 95%CI 1.48, 2.43), late (HR 1.94; 1.46, 2.57) and advanced presenters (HR 1.72; 1.26, 2.34). Similarly, CD4/CD8 ratio ≤ 0.4 over time was associated with a higher risk of developing an AIDS event (HR 3.31; 2.23, 4.93 in non-late; HR 2.75; 1.78, 4.27 in late and HR 2.25; 1.34, 3.76 in advanced presenters) or serious non-AIDS event (HR 1.39; 0.96, 2.02 in non-late, HR 1.62; 1.10, 2.40 in late and HR 1.49; 0.97, 2.29 in advanced presenters) as well as with a higher risk of overall mortality (HR 1.49; 0.92, 2.41 in non-late, HR 1.80; 1.04, 3.11 in late and HR 1.61; 0.92, 2.83 in advanced presenters) compared to CD4/CD8 > 0.4, regardless of the late presentation status. Conclusions: A low CD4/CD8 measured over time is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV independently of their late presentation status. These data support the prognostic role of CD4/CD8 over time and can help defining a subgroup of patients who need closer monitoring to avoid comorbidities.
MeSH term(s)	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cohort Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Morbidity
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-022-07352-z
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Article ; Online: Predictors of low-level HIV viraemia and virological failure in the era of integrase inhibitors: A Spanish nationwide cohort.

Álvarez, Hortensia / Rava, Marta / Martínez, Cristina / Portilla, Joaquín / Peraire, Joaquim / Rivero, Antonio / Cervero, Miguel / Mariño, Ana / Poveda, Eva / Llibre, Josep M

HIV medicine

2022 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 825–836

Abstract: Objectives: To pinpoint factors associated with low-level viraemia (LLV) and virological failure (VF) in people living with HIV in the era of high-efficacy antiretroviral treatment (ART) and widespread use of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs)- ...

Abstract	Objectives: To pinpoint factors associated with low-level viraemia (LLV) and virological failure (VF) in people living with HIV in the era of high-efficacy antiretroviral treatment (ART) and widespread use of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs)-based ART. Methods: We included adults aged > 18 years starting their first ART between 2015 and 2018 in the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network National Cohort (CoRIS). Low-level viraemia was defined as plasma viral load (pVL) of 50-199 copies/mL at weeks 48 and 72 and VF was defined as pVL ≥ 50 copies/mL at week 48 and pVL ≥ 200 copies/mL at week 72. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the impact on LLV and VF of baseline CD4 T-cell count, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and pVL, initial ART classes, age at ART initiation, time between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation, gender and transmission route. Results: Out of 4186 participants, 3120 (76.0%) started INSTIs, 455 (11.1%) started boosted protease inhibitors (bPIs) and 443 (10.8%) started nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), either of them with two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Low-level viraemia was met in 2.5% of participants and VF in 4.3%. There were no significant differences throughout the years for both virological outcomes. Baseline HIV-1 RNA > 5 log Conclusions: The rates of LLV and VF were low but remained steady throughout the years. Baseline HIV-1 RNA > 5 log
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Viral Load ; Viremia/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; Integrase Inhibitors ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2001932-4
ISSN	1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
ISSN (online)	1468-1293
ISSN	1464-2662
DOI	10.1111/hiv.13265
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Article ; Online: Gene-environment interactions in the study of asthma in the postgenomewide association studies era.

Rava, Marta / Smit, Lidwien A M / Nadif, Rachel

Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

2015 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–78

Abstract: Purpose of review: Asthma is a complex disease characterized by an intricate interplay of both heritable and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents one of the major challenges for ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Asthma is a complex disease characterized by an intricate interplay of both heritable and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents one of the major challenges for pulmonary researchers. This review provides an overview of the recently published literature on gene-environment (G × E) interactions in asthma, with a special focus on the new methodological developments in the postgenomewide association studies (GWAS) era. Recent findings: Most recent studies on G × E interaction in asthma used a candidate-gene approach. Candidate-gene studies considering exposure to outdoor air pollutants showed significant interactions mainly with variants in the GSTP1 gene on asthma in children. G × E studies on passive and active smoking, including one genomewide interaction study, identified novel genes of susceptibility to asthma and a time-dependent effect of maternal smoking. Other recent studies on asthma found interactions between candidate genes and occupational allergen exposure and several domestic exposures such as endotoxin and gas cooking. New methods were developed to efficiently estimate G × E interaction in GWAS, and a pathway-based strategy to select an enriched gene-set for G × E studies has recently been proposed. Summary: The G × E studies presented in this review offer a good example on how candidate-gene approaches can complement and help in validating GWAS findings.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Animals ; Asthma/genetics ; Asthma/immunology ; Child ; Endotoxins/immunology ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Endotoxins ; GSTP1 protein, human (EC 2.5.1.18) ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi (EC 2.5.1.18)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2088710-3
ISSN	1473-6322 ; 1528-4050
ISSN (online)	1473-6322
ISSN	1528-4050
DOI	10.1097/ACI.0000000000000131
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Article: Bladder Cancer Genetic Susceptibility. A Systematic Review.

de Maturana, Evangelina López / Rava, Marta / Anumudu, Chiaka / Sáez, Olga / Alonso, Dolores / Malats, Núria

Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2018 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 215–226

Abstract: Background: The variant/gene candidate approach to explore bladder cancer (BC) genetic susceptibility has been applied in many studies with significant findings reported. However, results are not always conclusive due to the lack of replication by ... ...

Abstract	Background: The variant/gene candidate approach to explore bladder cancer (BC) genetic susceptibility has been applied in many studies with significant findings reported. However, results are not always conclusive due to the lack of replication by subsequent studies. Objectives: To identify all epidemiological investigations on the genetic associations with BC risk, to quantify the likely magnitude of the associations by applying metaanalysis methodology and to assess whether there is a potential for publication/reporting bias. Methods: To address our aims, we have catalogued all genetic association studies published in the field of BC risk since 2000. Furthermore, we metaanalysed all polymorphisms with data available from at least three independent case-control studies with subjects of Caucasian origin analyzed under the same mode of inheritance. Results: The characterization of the genetic susceptibility of BC is composed of 28 variants, GWAS contributing most of them. Most of the significant variants associated with BC risk are located in genes belonging to chemical carcinogenesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle pathways. Causal relationship was also provided by functional analysis for Conclusions: Genetic susceptibility of BC is still poorly defined, with GWAS contributing most of the strongest evidence. The systematic review did not provide evidence of further genetic associations. The potential public health translation of the existing knowledge on genetic susceptibility on BC is still limited.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2352-3727
ISSN	2352-3727
DOI	10.3233/BLC-170159
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