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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Impact of Hydrophobic Silicon Dioxide in the Interfacial Properties of Lung Surfactant Films.

Guzmán, Eduardo / Santini, Eva / Ferrari, Michele / Liggieri, Libero / Ravera, Francesca

Environmental science & technology

2022 Volume 56, Issue 11, Page(s) 7308–7318

Abstract: The interaction of hydrophobic silicon dioxide particles (fumed silicon dioxide), as model air pollutants, and Langmuir monolayers of a porcine lung surfactant extract has been studied in order to try to shed light on the physicochemical bases underlying ...

Abstract	The interaction of hydrophobic silicon dioxide particles (fumed silicon dioxide), as model air pollutants, and Langmuir monolayers of a porcine lung surfactant extract has been studied in order to try to shed light on the physicochemical bases underlying the potential adverse effects associated with pollutant inhalation. The surface pressure-area isotherms of lung surfactant (LS) films including increasing amounts of particles revealed that particle incorporation into LS monolayers modifies the organization of the molecules at the water/vapor interface, which alters the mechanical resistance of the interfacial films, hindering the ability of LS layers for reducing the surface tension, and reestablishing the interface upon compression. This influences the normal physiological function of LS as is inferred from the analysis of the response of the Langmuir films upon the incorporation of particles against harmonic changes of the interfacial area (successive compression-expansion cycles). These experiments evidenced that particles alter the relaxation mechanisms of LS films, which may be correlated to a modification of the transport of material within the interface and between the interface and the adjacent fluid during the respiratory cycle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Lung ; Pressure ; Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry ; Pulmonary Surfactants/metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; Surface Properties ; Surface Tension ; Surface-Active Agents/metabolism ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Pulmonary Surfactants ; Surface-Active Agents ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.1c06885
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Article ; Online: Gendered traditional agroecological knowledge in agri-food systems: a systematic review.

Ramirez-Santos, Ana G / Ravera, Federica / Rivera-Ferre, Marta G / Calvet-Nogués, Mar

Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

2023 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: Traditional agroecological knowledge (i.e. TAeK) is gaining recognition for its potential contribution to climate change adaptation in food systems, ecosystems restoration and food insecurity. Despite the existing literature on Traditional Ecological ... ...

Abstract	Traditional agroecological knowledge (i.e. TAeK) is gaining recognition for its potential contribution to climate change adaptation in food systems, ecosystems restoration and food insecurity. Despite the existing literature on Traditional Ecological Knowledge and its nexus with food security, how gender critically influences the distribution of such knowledge within agri-food systems has not yet been systematically analysed. In this regard, this systematic review attempts to answer four questions: 1) How does the literature on gender and TAeK in agri-food systems evolved temporally, geographically and in different agroecosystems? 2) How are gender and intersectionality mainly approached by such literature? 3) How do the articles address gendered dimensions in TAeK within the agri-food system activities? 4) What are the main drivers of change that influence TAeK and adaptive responses? The results show the gendered nature of TAeK in relation to food production, processing, and conservation activities, and how these activities are linked to tasks and activities, gender-specific knowledge, and spaces where gender discrimination is reproduced. The review also identifies elements that delimit and/or take part of the development of TAeK, such as gendered access to resources, gendered institutions, and the identification of the main drivers of change and impacts of TAeK erosion and biodiversity loss. These results are discussed in terms of power relations that interact with sociocultural norms and practices according to the specific geographical context and agroecosystem.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Biodiversity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2202544-3
ISSN	1746-4269 ; 1746-4269
ISSN (online)	1746-4269
ISSN	1746-4269
DOI	10.1186/s13002-023-00576-6
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Article: Spanish women pastoralists' pathways into livestock management: Motivations, challenges and learning

Femandez-Gimenez, M. E. / Oteros-Rozas, E. / Ravera, F.

Journal of rural studies

2021 Volume 87, Issue -, Page(s) 1

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	252458-2
ISSN	0743-0167
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Vibrational Spectroscopy for In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation.

Ravera, Francesca / Efeoglu, Esen / Byrne, Hugh J

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 25, Issue 23

Abstract: Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is ... ...

Abstract	Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, selected aspects of the process, and/or cannot visualise the process at the subcellular level. Additionally, many current analytical techniques involve the disruption of the investigation process (tissue sectioning, immunostaining) and cannot monitor the cellular differentiation process in situ, in real-time. Vibrational spectroscopy, as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique, appears to be a promising candidate to potentially overcome many of these limitations as it can provide detailed biochemical fingerprint information for analysis of cells, tissues, and body fluids. The technique has been widely used in disease diagnosis and increasingly in stem cell technology. In this work, the efforts regarding the use of vibrational spectroscopy to identify mechanisms of stem cell differentiation at a single cell and tissue level are summarised. Both infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopic investigations are explored, and the relative merits, and future perspectives of the techniques are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Tracking/methods ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Machine Learning ; Nanotechnology ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules25235554
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Article ; Online: Monitoring stem cell differentiation using Raman microspectroscopy: chondrogenic differentiation, towards cartilage formation.

Ravera, Francesca / Efeoglu, Esen / Byrne, Hugh J

The Analyst

2020 Volume 146, Issue 1, Page(s) 322–337

Abstract: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the only cellular components of cartilage and are therefore ideal candidates for cartilage and tissue repair technologies. Chondrocytes are surrounded by cartilage-like ... ...

Abstract	Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the only cellular components of cartilage and are therefore ideal candidates for cartilage and tissue repair technologies. Chondrocytes are surrounded by cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network rich in glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and collagen, which, together with a multitude of intracellular signalling molecules, trigger the chondrogenesis and allow the chondroprogenitor to acquire the spherical morphology of the chondrocytes. However, although the mechanisms of the differentiation of MSCs have been extensively explored, it has been difficult to provide a holistic picture of the process, in situ. Raman Micro Spectroscopy (RMS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful analytical tool, which provides detailed label free biochemical fingerprint information in a non-invasive way, for analysis of cells, tissues and body fluids. In this work, RMS is explored to monitor the process of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation into chondrocytes in vitro, providing a holistic molecular picture of cellular events governing the differentiation. Spectral signatures of the subcellular compartments, nucleolus, nucleus and cytoplasm were initially probed and characteristic molecular changes between differentiated and undifferentiated were identified. Moreover, high density cell micromasses were cultured over a period of three weeks, and a systematic monitoring of cellular molecular components and the progress of the ECM formation, associated with the chondrogenic differentiation, was performed. This study shows the potential applicability of RMS as a powerful tool to monitor and better understand the differentiation pathways and process.
MeSH term(s)	Cartilage ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrogenesis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210747-8
ISSN	1364-5528 ; 0003-2654
ISSN (online)	1364-5528
ISSN	0003-2654
DOI	10.1039/d0an01983f
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Article ; Online: "Stromal cells in prostate cancer pathobiology: friends or foes?"

Pederzoli, Filippo / Raffo, Massimiliano / Pakula, Hubert / Ravera, Francesco / Nuzzo, Pier Vitale / Loda, Massimo

British journal of cancer

2022 Volume 128, Issue 6, Page(s) 930–939

Abstract: The genomic, epigenetic and metabolic determinants of prostate cancer pathobiology have been extensively studied in epithelial cancer cells. However, malignant cells constantly interact with the surrounding environment-the so-called tumour ... ...

Abstract	The genomic, epigenetic and metabolic determinants of prostate cancer pathobiology have been extensively studied in epithelial cancer cells. However, malignant cells constantly interact with the surrounding environment-the so-called tumour microenvironment (TME)-which may influence tumour cells to proliferate and invade or to starve and die. In that regard, stromal cells-including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and vasculature-associated cells-constitute an essential fraction of the prostate cancer TME. However, they have been largely overlooked compared to other cell types (i.e. immune cells). Indeed, their importance in prostate physiology starts at organogenesis, as the soon-to-be prostate stroma determines embryonal epithelial cells to commit toward prostatic differentiation. Later in life, the appearance of a reactive stroma is linked to the malignant transformation of epithelial cells and cancer progression. In this Review, we discuss the main mesenchymal cell populations of the prostate stroma, highlighting their dynamic role in the transition of the healthy prostate epithelium to cancer. A thorough understanding of those populations, their phenotypes and their transcriptional programs may improve our understanding of prostate cancer pathobiology and may help to exploit prostate stroma as a biomarker of patient stratification and as a therapeutic target.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prostate/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80075-2
ISSN	1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
ISSN (online)	1532-1827
ISSN	0007-0920
DOI	10.1038/s41416-022-02085-x
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Article ; Online: Notch-based gene signature for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Omar, Mohamed / Nuzzo, Pier Vitale / Ravera, Francesco / Bleve, Sara / Fanelli, Giuseppe Nicolò / Zanettini, Claudio / Valencia, Itzel / Marchionni, Luigi

Journal of translational medicine

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 811

Abstract: Background: While the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is generally accepted, not all patients derive benefit from this preoperative treatment. Presently, there are no validated biomarkers to ... ...

Abstract	Background: While the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is generally accepted, not all patients derive benefit from this preoperative treatment. Presently, there are no validated biomarkers to predict the NACT response, and previous attempts to develop predictive classifiers based on gene expression data have not demonstrated clinical utility. However, predictive models incorporating biological constraints have shown increased robustness and improved performance compared to agnostic classifiers. Methods: We used the preoperative transcriptomic profiles from 298 patients with TNBC to train and test a rank-based classifier, k-top scoring pairs, to predict whether the patient will have pathological complete response (pCR) or residual disease (RD) following NACT. To reduce overfitting and enhance the signature's interpretability, we constrained the training process to genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. Subsequently, we evaluated the signature performance on two independent cohorts with 75 and 71 patients. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of the signature by examining its association with relapse-free survival (RFS) using Kaplan‒Meier (KM) survival estimates and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The final signature consists of five gene pairs, whose relative ordering can be predictive of the NACT response. The signature has a robust performance at predicting pCR in TNBC patients with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.76 and 0.85 in the first and second testing cohorts, respectively, outperforming other gene signatures developed for the same purpose. Additionally, the signature was significantly associated with RFS in an independent TNBC patient cohort even after adjusting for T stage, patient age at the time of diagnosis, type of breast surgery, and menopausal status. Conclusion: We introduce a robust gene signature to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with TNBC. This signature applies easily interpretable, rank-based decision rules to genes regulated by the Notch signaling pathway, a known determinant in breast cancer chemoresistance. The robust predictive and prognostic performance of the signature make it a strong candidate for clinical implementation, aiding in the stratification of TNBC patients undergoing NACT.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Transcriptome/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2118570-0
ISSN	1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
ISSN	1479-5876
DOI	10.1186/s12967-023-04713-3
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Article ; Online: Emulsification and emulsion stability: The role of the interfacial properties.

Ravera, Francesca / Dziza, Katarzyna / Santini, Eva / Cristofolini, Luigi / Liggieri, Libero

Advances in colloid and interface science

2020 Volume 288, Page(s) 102344

Abstract: In this review, we highlight and discuss the effects of interfacial properties on the major mechanisms governing the aging of emulsions: flocculation, coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The process of emulsification is also addressed, as it is well ... ...

Abstract	In this review, we highlight and discuss the effects of interfacial properties on the major mechanisms governing the aging of emulsions: flocculation, coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The process of emulsification is also addressed, as it is well recognized that the adsorption properties of emulsifiers play an important role on it. The consolidated background on these phenomena is briefly summarised based on selected literature, reporting relevant findings and results, and discussing some criticalities. The typical experimental approaches adopted to investigate the above effects are also summarised, underlining in particular the role of adsorption at the droplet interface. Attention is paid to different types of surface-active species involved with emulsion production, including solid particles. The latter being of increasing interest in a wide variety of emulsions-related products and technologies in various fields. The possibility to stop the long term aging caused by Ostwald ripening in emulsions is also discussed, quantifying under which conditions it may occur in practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	210507-x
ISSN	1873-3727 ; 0001-8686
ISSN (online)	1873-3727
ISSN	0001-8686
DOI	10.1016/j.cis.2020.102344
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Article: Assessment of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Cancer: From Current Status to Future Perspectives and Potential Clinical Applications.

Cirmena, Gabriella / Dameri, Martina / Ravera, Francesco / Fregatti, Piero / Ballestrero, Alberto / Zoppoli, Gabriele

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 14

Abstract: Current approaches for cancer detection and characterization are based on radiological procedures coupled with tissue biopsies, despite relevant limitations in terms of overall accuracy and feasibility, including relevant patients' discomfort. Liquid ... ...

Abstract	Current approaches for cancer detection and characterization are based on radiological procedures coupled with tissue biopsies, despite relevant limitations in terms of overall accuracy and feasibility, including relevant patients' discomfort. Liquid biopsies enable the minimally invasive collection and analysis of circulating biomarkers released from cancer cells and stroma, representing therefore a promising candidate for the substitution or integration in the current standard of care. Despite the potential, the current clinical applications of liquid biopsies are limited to a few specific purposes. The lack of standardized procedures for the pre-analytical management of body fluids samples and the detection of circulating biomarkers is one of the main factors impacting the effective advancement in the applicability of liquid biopsies to clinical practice. The aim of this work, besides depicting current methods for samples collection, storage, quality check and biomarker extraction, is to review the current techniques aimed at analyzing one of the main circulating biomarkers assessed through liquid biopsy, namely cell-free nucleic acids, with particular regard to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). ctDNA current and potential applications are reviewed as well.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13143460
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Article ; Online: Hydrophobisation of Silica Nanoparticles Using Lauroyl Ethyl Arginate and Chitosan Mixtures to Induce the Foaming Process.

Krzan, Marcel / Jarek, Ewelina / Petkova, Hristina / Santini, Eva / Szyk-Warszynska, Lilianna / Ravera, Francesca / Liggieri, Libero / Mileva, Elena / Warszynski, Piotr

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 19

Abstract: We studied silica suspensions with chitosan and biodegradable synthetic surfactant lauroyl ethyl arginate (LAE). Hydrophilic and negatively charged silica nanoparticles were neutralised due to the coating with chitosan. That presence of LAE led to the ... ...

Abstract	We studied silica suspensions with chitosan and biodegradable synthetic surfactant lauroyl ethyl arginate (LAE). Hydrophilic and negatively charged silica nanoparticles were neutralised due to the coating with chitosan. That presence of LAE led to the partial hydrophobisation of their surface, which favoured their attachment to the surface of a thin foam film. It was found that the presence of small and medium-sized (6-9 nm) hydrophobic particles in the interfacial layer of lamella foam film inhibited the coalescence and coarsening processes, which prolonged the life of the foam. Furthermore, hydrophobising of 30 nm particles allowed the formation of large aggregates precipitating from the mixture under steady-state conditions. These aggregates, however, under the conditions of the dynamic froth flotation process in the foam column, were floated into the foam layer. As a result, they were trapped in the foam film and Plateau borders, effectively preventing liquid leakage out of the foam. These results demonstrate the efficiency of using chitosan-LAE mixtures to remove silica nanoparticles from aqueous phase by foaming and flotation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14194076
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