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Book: Large carnivores and the conservation of biodiversity

Ray, Justina C.

2005

Author's details	ed. by Justina C. Ray
Keywords	Raubtiere ; Artenschutz ; Biodiversität ; Ökosystem
Subject	Biosystem ; Ökosysteme ; Biologische Vielfalt ; Vielfalt ; Carnivora ; Karnivoren ; Beutegreifer
Language	English
Size	XIV, 526 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Publisher	Island Press
Publishing place	Washington, DC u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT014299918
ISBN	1-55963-079-5 ; 1-55963-080-9 ; 978-1-55963-079-5 ; 978-1-55963-080-1
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
058/1315	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)
058/1424	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article ; Online: Influence of Timber Extraction Routes on Central African Small-Mammal Communities, Forest Structure, and Tree Diversity.

Malcolm, Jay R / Ray, Justina C

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

2022 Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 1623–1638

Abstract: Despite increasing pressure to harvest timber from African tropical forests, the short- and long-term ecological effects of qualitative and quantitative variation in extraction practices rarely have been examined. At a site in the southwestern Central ... ...

Abstract	Despite increasing pressure to harvest timber from African tropical forests, the short- and long-term ecological effects of qualitative and quantitative variation in extraction practices rarely have been examined. At a site in the southwestern Central African Republic, we surveyed rodent and tree communities and vegetation structure in unlogged forest and along skid trails and secondary and primary access roads at 12 and 19 years after logging. The most important source of variation among transects was the type of logging road: primary and secondary access roads showed the greatest change and skid trails the least. An intercorrelated suite of changes occurred along the margins of the roads, including changes in rodent community composition, increases in rodent abundance and diversity, changes in the height distribution of rodent abundance, increases in understory foliage density, and decreases in sapling density and tree species richness. Ecological changes along the secondary roads were nearly as strong as those along primary roads, despite the fact that secondary roads had been abandoned immediately after logging, whereas primary roads had been traveled up to the time of the research. Continuing edge-induced effects along graded road margins at between 12 and 19 years after logging were indicated by differences in tree species composition, sapling and tree densities, and understory density. Our results support conclusions of increased disturbance to rainforest communities with increasingly destructive road construction techniques and suggest that canopy damage rather than stem damage is the most appropriate measure of logging damage. Although minimizing the length of access roads is important in reducing ecological effects, it should not be achieved at the expense of increased canopy damage. Rodent communities appear to be an easily measured indicator of these ecological changes and may be responsive to landscape-level changes in forest cover and degradation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	58735-7
ISSN	1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
ISSN	0888-8892
DOI	10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.99070.x
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Article ; Online: Lessons from COP15 on effective scientific engagement in biodiversity policy processes.

Carroll, Carlos / Hoban, Sean / Ray, Justina C

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

2023 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e14192

Abstract: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted by parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022. The aftermath of these negotiations provides an opportunity to draw lessons as to how ecological and evolutionary ... ...

Abstract	The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted by parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022. The aftermath of these negotiations provides an opportunity to draw lessons as to how ecological and evolutionary science can more effectively inform policy. We examined key challenges that limit effective engagement by scientists in the biodiversity policy process, drawing parallels with analogous challenges within global climate negotiations. Biodiversity is multifaceted, yet represents only one framing for nature's contributions to people, complicating the nexus between evidence and values in development of the framework's targets. Processes generating biodiversity and driving its loss are multiscalar, challenging development of an evidence base for globally standardized targets. We illustrated these challenges by contrasting development of 2 key elements of the framework. The genetic diversity element of the framework's target 4 is directly related to the framework's primary goals, but its complexity required development of novel engagement skills. The target for protected areas was easily communicated but more indirectly related to biodiversity outcomes; evidence from ecological and social science was essential to communicating the context and limitations of this relationship. Scientists can strengthen the effectiveness of global agreements and address challenges arising from complexity, scaling, capacity limitations, and the interplay of science and values, if they can prioritize communication, consensus-building, and networking skills and engage throughout the process, from development of an evidence base to implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; Policy ; Communication ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	58735-7
ISSN	1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
ISSN	0888-8892
DOI	10.1111/cobi.14192
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Article ; Online: Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change.

Carroll, Carlos / Ray, Justina C

Global change biology

2021 Volume 27, Issue 15, Page(s) 3395–3414

Abstract: Global commitments to protected area expansion should prioritize opportunities to protect climate refugia and ecosystems which store high levels of irrecoverable carbon, as key components of an effective response to biodiversity loss and climate change. ... ...

Abstract	Global commitments to protected area expansion should prioritize opportunities to protect climate refugia and ecosystems which store high levels of irrecoverable carbon, as key components of an effective response to biodiversity loss and climate change. The United States and Canada are responsible for one-sixth of global greenhouse gas emissions but hold extensive natural ecosystems that store globally significant above- and below-ground carbon. Canada has initiated a process of protected area network expansion in concert with efforts at reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples, and acknowledged nature-based solutions as a key aspect of climate change mitigation. The US, although not a party to global biodiversity conventions, has recently committed to protecting 30% of its extent by 2030 and achieving the UNFCCC Paris Agreement's mitigation targets. The opportunities afforded by these dual biodiversity conservation and climate commitments require coordinated national and regional policies to ensure that new protected areas maximize biodiversity-focused adaptation and nature-based mitigation opportunities. We address how global commitments can best inform national policy initiatives which build on existing agency mandates for regional planning and species conservation. Previous analyses of global conservation priorities under climate change have been tenuously linked to policy contexts of individual nations and have lacked information on refugia due to limitations of globally available datasets. Comparison and synthesis of predictions from a range of recently developed refugia metrics allow such data to inform planning despite substantial uncertainty arising from contrasting model assumptions and inputs. A case study for endangered species planning for old-forest-associated species in the US Pacific Northwest demonstrates how regional planning can be nested hierarchically within national biodiversity-focused adaptation and nature-based mitigation strategies which integrate refugia, connectivity, and ecosystem carbon metrics to holistically evaluate the role of different land designations and where carbon mitigation and protection of biodiversity's resilience to climate change can be aligned.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Canada ; Carbon ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Northwestern United States ; Paris
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15645
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change

Carroll, Carlos / Ray, Justina C.

Global change biology. 2021 Aug., v. 27, no. 15

2021

Abstract	Global commitments to protected area expansion should prioritize opportunities to protect climate refugia and ecosystems which store high levels of irrecoverable carbon, as key components of an effective response to biodiversity loss and climate change. The United States and Canada are responsible for one‐sixth of global greenhouse gas emissions but hold extensive natural ecosystems that store globally significant above‐ and below‐ground carbon. Canada has initiated a process of protected area network expansion in concert with efforts at reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples, and acknowledged nature‐based solutions as a key aspect of climate change mitigation. The US, although not a party to global biodiversity conventions, has recently committed to protecting 30% of its extent by 2030 and achieving the UNFCCC Paris Agreement's mitigation targets. The opportunities afforded by these dual biodiversity conservation and climate commitments require coordinated national and regional policies to ensure that new protected areas maximize biodiversity‐focused adaptation and nature‐based mitigation opportunities. We address how global commitments can best inform national policy initiatives which build on existing agency mandates for regional planning and species conservation. Previous analyses of global conservation priorities under climate change have been tenuously linked to policy contexts of individual nations and have lacked information on refugia due to limitations of globally available datasets. Comparison and synthesis of predictions from a range of recently developed refugia metrics allow such data to inform planning despite substantial uncertainty arising from contrasting model assumptions and inputs. A case study for endangered species planning for old‐forest‐associated species in the US Pacific Northwest demonstrates how regional planning can be nested hierarchically within national biodiversity‐focused adaptation and nature‐based mitigation strategies which integrate refugia, connectivity, and ecosystem carbon metrics to holistically evaluate the role of different land designations and where carbon mitigation and protection of biodiversity's resilience to climate change can be aligned.
Keywords	Biological Sciences ; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ; biodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; carbon ; case studies ; climate ; climate change ; conservation areas ; data collection ; ecosystems ; endangered species ; greenhouse gases ; issues and policy ; refuge habitats ; uncertainty ; Canada ; Pacific States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 3395-3414.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15645
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Negative Impact of Routine, Dietary Pattern, and Physical Activity on Obesity and Dysglycemia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Ray, Justina L / Srinath, Reshmi / Mechanick, Jeffrey I

American journal of lifestyle medicine

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 219–230

Abstract: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, has disrupted routines in education, work, exercise, and dining habits. To prevent viral spread, communal spaces ...

Abstract	The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, has disrupted routines in education, work, exercise, and dining habits. To prevent viral spread, communal spaces including offices, schools, restaurants, and gyms have closed or drastically limited their capacity. Additionally, government-mandated lockdown orders have forced people to spend more time at home. Studies have shown that these COVID-19 restrictions have led to unhealthier eating patterns, increased sedentary behaviors, and decreased physical activity, leading to weight gain, dysglycemia, and increased metabolic risk. While strict social distancing measures have been necessary to curb the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, people have been forced to adapt by altering their daily routines. Based on existing literature, a model is proposed for intentionally creating daily routines to ensure healthy habits, minimize weight gain, and prevent worsening dysglycemia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2265653-4
ISSN	1559-8284 ; 1559-8276
ISSN (online)	1559-8284
ISSN	1559-8276
DOI	10.1177/15598276221084923
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Role of Finerenone in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Patient Selection and Clinical Perspectives.

Shaikh, Aisha / Ray, Justina / Campbell, Kirk N

Therapeutics and clinical risk management

2022 Volume 18, Page(s) 753–760

Abstract: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic and end stage kidney disease globally. Despite recent advances in therapies for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), there remains a critical need for additional options to improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes. ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic and end stage kidney disease globally. Despite recent advances in therapies for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), there remains a critical need for additional options to improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Mineralocorticoid overactivation contributes to inflammation and fibrosis which in turn leads to progression of DKD. Finerenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has shown promising cardiac and renoprotective benefits in DKD. The utility of finerenone in the real world will require appropriate patient selection and patient monitoring by clinicians.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2186560-7
ISSN	1178-203X ; 1176-6336
ISSN (online)	1178-203X
ISSN	1176-6336
DOI	10.2147/TCRM.S325916
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Article ; Online: Styles of dominance and their endocrine correlates among wild olive baboons (Papio anubis).

Sapolsky, Robert M / Ray, Justina C

American journal of primatology

2020 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: We have studied the relationship between dominance rank and physiology among male olive baboons (Papio anubis) living freely in a national park in Africa. In stable hierarchies, dominant males consistently have lower basal concentrations than do ... ...

Abstract	We have studied the relationship between dominance rank and physiology among male olive baboons (Papio anubis) living freely in a national park in Africa. In stable hierarchies, dominant males consistently have lower basal concentrations than do subordinates of the adrenal glucocorticoid cortisol. Because of the known catabolic actions of glucocorticoids, dominant males may be less at risk for some of the pathogenic consequences of glucocorticoid overexposure. We find that low basal cortisol concentration is not, in fact, a marker of social dominance; instead, it is only found among dominant males with a certain style of dominance. Lower basal cortisol concentrations occurred among males with any of the following behaviors: the most marked ability to distinguish between threatening and merely neutral interactions with rivals and, if the former, the greatest likelihood of initiating a fight; the most skill at distinguishing between winning and losing a fight and, if the latter, the greatest likelihood of displacing aggression onto a third party. Collectively, these behaviors suggest high degrees of social skillfulness, control, and predictability over social contingencies, all recognized as psychological features that minimize the pathophysiological impact of stress. Dominant males lacking these behavioral features, in contrast, had as high cortisol concentrations as did subordinate males. Finally, low basal cortisol concentrations were also a feature of males with the longest tenures in the dominant cohort, suggesting that this endocrine dichotomy is meaningful in terms of life histories.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/ajp.1350180102
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Article ; Online: Styles of male social behavior and their endocrine correlates among high-ranking wild baboons.

Ray, Justina C / Sapolsky, Robert M

American journal of primatology

2020 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 231–250

Abstract: We have previously studied the relationship between dominance rank and physiology among male olive baboons (Papio anubis) living freely in a national park in Africa. In stable hierarchies, such males have distinctive secretory profiles of glucocorticoids ...

Abstract	We have previously studied the relationship between dominance rank and physiology among male olive baboons (Papio anubis) living freely in a national park in Africa. In stable hierarchies, such males have distinctive secretory profiles of glucocorticoids and of testosterone. We find that these endocrine features are not, in fact, purely markers of social dominance; instead, they are found only among dominant males with particular stylistic traits of social behavior. One intercorrelated stylistic cluster revolved around the intensity with which the male is involved in sexual consortships (e.g., frequency of copulation, of grooming, degree to which feeding is suppressed by being in consortship). Males most involved in such consortships had the lowest basal cortisol concentrations and smaller cortisol stress-responses. A second stylistic cluster revolved around the degree of social affiliation (e.g., rate of grooming and interacting positively with non-estrus females and infants). Males who were highly affiliated had low basal cortisol concentrations and an attenuated cortisol stress-response. A third cluster revolved around the degree to which males could distinguish between highly threatening interactions with rivals and neutral or mildly threatening ones. Males most adept at this had lower basal cortisol concentrations. These behavioral/endocrine clusters were independent of each other. This suggests that the same adaptive physiological feature (e.g., low basal cortisol concentrations) may arise from different and independent personality styles. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1495834-X
ISSN	1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
ISSN (online)	1098-2345
ISSN	0275-2565
DOI	10.1002/ajp.1350280402
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Article ; Online: COVAN Leading to ESKD Despite Minimal COVID Symptoms.

Maldonado, Dawn / Ray, Justina / Lin, XiongBin / Salem, Fadi / Brown, Maritza / Bansal, Ishita

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 23247096221093888

Abstract: We report a case of dialysis dependence in a patient with COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN) who had minimal respiratory manifestations. A 25-year-old man with a history of multiple sclerosis in remission presented with mild dyspnea due to COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	We report a case of dialysis dependence in a patient with COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN) who had minimal respiratory manifestations. A 25-year-old man with a history of multiple sclerosis in remission presented with mild dyspnea due to COVID-19 pneumonia and was found to have rapidly worsening kidney function. He only required nasal cannula and was able to be weaned off within a few days. Despite having only mild respiratory disease, his kidney function worsened and urgent hemodialysis was started for hyperkalemia and uremic encephalopathy. Kidney biopsy demonstrated collapsing glomerulopathy due to COVID-19 with moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. His kidney function did not recover, and he unfortunately now has been dependent on hemodialysis for over 3 months. Multiple case reports have described COVAN causing dialysis dependence, but to our knowledge this is the first reported case of COVAN causing dialysis dependence in a patient with such mild respiratory disease. Currently the indications for intensive COVID-19 therapies are based on oxygen requirements. This case demonstrates that the oxygen requirement may not fully reflect the severity of COVID-19 and raises the question of whether these therapies should be considered in patients with COVAN.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Male ; Oxygen ; Renal Dialysis
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2710326-2
ISSN	2324-7096 ; 2324-7096
ISSN (online)	2324-7096
ISSN	2324-7096
DOI	10.1177/23247096221093888
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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