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Article ; Online: The Potential of Carbon Nanoparticles as a Stimulant to Improve the Propagation of Native Boreal Forest Species

Jean-Marie Sobze / Lakshman Galagedara / Mumtaz Cheema / Raymond Thomas / Sahari Inoue

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol

A Mini-Review

2022 Volume 5

Abstract: Boreal forests across Canada and other geographic areas globally have vast networks or densities of seismic lines, pipelines, access roads, utility corridors, and multipurpose trails collectively termed “linear disturbances” or “linear features.” ... ...

Abstract	Boreal forests across Canada and other geographic areas globally have vast networks or densities of seismic lines, pipelines, access roads, utility corridors, and multipurpose trails collectively termed “linear disturbances” or “linear features.” Additionally, large areas of disturbances attributed to resource harvesting represent a major anthropogenic impact on the global boreal forest ecosystem. Restoration of these disturbed areas is currently a significant component of global boreal forest management strategies. A key to successful restoration or re-vegetation of these disturbed sites is the availability of highly adaptive native planting materials to grow and establish on the disturbed sites, particularly in varying abiotic stressors or severe environmental conditions. Abiotic stress includes non-living environmental factors, including salinity, drought, waterlogging or extreme temperatures, adversely affecting plant growth, development, and establishment on field sites. Herein, we present the concept of nanopriming native boreal seeds with microgram concentrations of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as an effective approach to improve the propagation and vigor of native boreal forest species. Priming refers to the technique of hydrating seeds in solutions or in combination with a solid matrix to enhance the rate at which they germinate and their germination uniformity. Seed priming has been shown to increase seed vigor in many plant species. In this mini-review, we will provide a brief overview of the effect of nanopriming on seed germination and seed vigor in agricultural plants and native boreal forest species, indicating the potential future applications of CNPs on native boreal species for use in forest reclamation or restoration.
Keywords	seed nanopriming ; carbon nanoparticles ; seed germination ; seed vigor ; growth ; native boreal tree species ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	580 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Effect of Biochar on TDR-Based Volumetric Soil Moisture Measurements in a Loamy Sand Podzolic Soil

Dinushika Wanniarachchi / Mumtaz Cheema / Raymond Thomas / Lakshman Galagedara

Soil Systems, Vol 3, Iss 3, p

2019 Volume 49

Abstract: Considering the increased interests in biochar (BC) as a soil amendment and a growing media substrate in agriculture, we evaluated the effect of BC incorporation on TDR (time-domain reflectometer)-based volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) estimations ...

Abstract	Considering the increased interests in biochar (BC) as a soil amendment and a growing media substrate in agriculture, we evaluated the effect of BC incorporation on TDR (time-domain reflectometer)-based volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) estimations in a loamy sand podzolic soil. Two commercial BC types (powdered—BC P , and granular—BC G ) were mixed in different rates ( w / w ) with a podzolic soil. The dielectric constants measured using a TDR cable tester (MOHR CT 100) were converted to VSMC. Three commonly used models: (i) Topp’s equation, M-1; (ii) mixing model, M-2; and (iii) the forest soil model, M-3, were used. The accuracy of the estimated VSMC using these three models was statistically compared with measured VSMC. BC P at lower rates produced very similar results to the actual VSMC with M-1 and M-2 but deviated with increasing rates. The M-3 showed a non-linear relationship with measured VSMC. In BC G treatments, all models overestimated the VSMC. BC G rates higher than 15% ( w / w ) resulted in highly attenuated TDR waveforms and the signal was completely dissipated when rates higher than 50% ( w / w ) were used (typical application for field soils is less than 5% w / w ). These results showed that predictions of the soil moisture content based on the soil dielectric constant might not be feasible for tested podzolic soils amended at high BC rates.
Keywords	biochar ; dielectric constant ; podzol ; TDR ; volumetric soil moisture content ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bouveret's syndrome: a strategic approach for management.

Taggarsi, Meghana / Lapsia, Snehal Kishore / Raymond, Thomas / Sultana, Asma

BMJ case reports

2021 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: An 81-year-old woman, diabetic and hypertensive, presented with nausea and intermittent vomiting. She had dysphagia and loss of appetite for over 6 weeks and significant weight loss over 3 weeks and was admitted in general surgery unit on emergency basis. ...

Abstract	An 81-year-old woman, diabetic and hypertensive, presented with nausea and intermittent vomiting. She had dysphagia and loss of appetite for over 6 weeks and significant weight loss over 3 weeks and was admitted in general surgery unit on emergency basis. Investigations revealed dilated stomach and a stone in first part of duodenum, with probable site of obstruction at level of first part of duodenum, secondary to a cholecystoduodenal fistula. With a preoperative diagnosis of Bouveret's syndrome, she underwent laparotomy and subtotal cholecystectomy. Postoperative recovery was delayed due to gastroparesis and delayed gastric emptying which resolved with conservative management. Successful management of this case required a multidisciplinary team approach. Early diagnosis was the key to management. Mode of treatment and management of Bouveret's syndrome should be tailored to suit patient's age, comorbidities and performance status.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cholecystectomy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gallstones/complications ; Gallstones/diagnostic imaging ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction/diagnostic imaging ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction/etiology ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction/surgery ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging ; Postoperative Complications/therapy ; Syndrome
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2020-238326
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil

Ratnajit Saha / Lakshman Galagedara / Raymond Thomas / Muhammad Nadeem / Kelly Hawboldt

Agriculture, Vol 10, Iss 471, p

2020 Volume 471

Abstract: Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 > mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 > topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm −3 ), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 > topsoil: 2.61–2.70 > E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg −1 ) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 > mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 > E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 > mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 > E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems.
Keywords	granular biochar ; powder biochar ; biochar rates ; topsoil ; E-horizon soil ; mixed soil ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Breast Milk from Non-Obese Women with a High Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, but Not from Women with Obesity, Increases Lipogenic Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes, Suggesting Adipocyte Dysfunction

Peter Isesele / Samantha Enstad / Pham Huong / Raymond Thomas / Carol L. Wagner / Sarbattama Sen / Sukhinder K. Cheema

Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 1129, p

2022 Volume 1129

Abstract: Maternal body mass index is associated with breast milk (BM) fatty acid composition. This study investigated the effects of BM omega (n)-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from non-obese women and women with obesity on the process of adipogenesis ... ...

Abstract	Maternal body mass index is associated with breast milk (BM) fatty acid composition. This study investigated the effects of BM omega (n)-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from non-obese women and women with obesity on the process of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BM samples were collected from non-obese women (BMNO) and women with obesity (BMO) at one month postpartum. The fatty acid composition was measured, and BMNO and BMO groups with the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) quartiles of n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios were identified. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence or absence of BM. Lipid accumulation and the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis were measured. Treatment with BMNO containing high (vs. low) n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios significantly increased the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase); however, there was no effect when cells were treated with BMO (with either low or high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios). Treatment with BMO (high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio) caused larger lipid droplets. Our findings demonstrated that BMNO with a high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with a higher expression of lipogenic genes, while BMO with a high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio showed larger lipid droplets, suggesting adipocyte dysfunction. These findings may have implications in the BM-mediated programming of childhood obesity.
Keywords	adipogenesis ; lipogenesis ; breast milk ; obesity ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; 3T3-L1 preadipocytes ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Impact of Soil Amendments on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Boreal Agricultural Podzols

Dinushika Wanniarachchi / Mumtaz Cheema / Raymond Thomas / Vanessa Kavanagh / Lakshman Galagedara

Agriculture, Vol 9, Iss 6, p

2019 Volume 133

Abstract: Hydraulic properties of soil are the basis for understanding the flow and transport through the vadose zone. It has been demonstrated that different soil amendments can alter the soil properties affecting soil hydrology. The aim of this study was to ... ...

Abstract	Hydraulic properties of soil are the basis for understanding the flow and transport through the vadose zone. It has been demonstrated that different soil amendments can alter the soil properties affecting soil hydrology. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil amendments on hydraulic conductivity (K) of a loamy sand podzolic soil under both unsaturated (K unsat ) and near-saturated (near K sat ) conditions in an agricultural setting. A field experiment was conducted with two common soil amendments: Dairy manure (DM) in 2016 and 2017 and biochar (BC) once only in 2016. DM and BC were incorporated up to a depth of 0.15−0.20 m at a rate of 30,000 L ha −1 and 20 Mg ha −1 , respectively. A randomized complete block experimental design was used and the plots planted with silage corn ( Zea mays L.) without irrigation. The treatments were: Control without amendment (0N), inorganic N fertilizer (IN), two types of DM (IN+DM1 and IN+DM2), and two treatments with BC (IN+BC and IN+DM1+BC). Infiltration data were collected using a mini disk infiltrometer under three tension levels in which −0.04 and −0.02 m was ascribed as unsaturated (at the wet end) and −0.001 m as near-saturated condition. Based on the measured infiltration rates, K unsat and near K sat hydraulic conductivities were calculated. There were no significant effects of DM and BC on bulk density and near K sat . Treatments IN+DM1, IN+DM2, and IN+DM1+BC significantly reduced the K unsat compared to the control. Since these soil amendments can influence soil hydrology such as reduced infiltration and increased surface runoff, carefully monitored application of soil amendments is recommended.
Keywords	biochar ; dairy manure ; hydraulic conductivity ; infiltration ; podzols ; soil amendments ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Temporal Effects of Biochar and Dairy Manure on Physicochemical Properties of Podzol

Marli Vermooten / Muhammad Nadeem / Mumtaz Cheema / Raymond Thomas / Lakshman Galagedara

Agriculture, Vol 9, Iss 8, p

Case from a Silage-Corn Production Trial in Boreal Climate

2019 Volume 183

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and dairy manure (DM) on physicochemical properties of podzolic soils, as well as to establish the relationships between selected physicochemical properties and soil electrical ... ...

Abstract	A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and dairy manure (DM) on physicochemical properties of podzolic soils, as well as to establish the relationships between selected physicochemical properties and soil electrical conductivity (EC) in a silage-corn production system. Nutrient requirements of the crop were met through different nutrient sources considering soil nutrient status, nutrient availability from DM (DM, DM + biochar) and regional crop nutrient recommendations. Experimental treatments included control, inorganic nitrogen (IN), IN + biochar, IN + DM, and IN + DM + biochar. DM was applied at 30,000 L ha −1 , whereas biochar was applied at 20 Mg ha −1 and mixed within the top 20 cm of the soil. Disturbed soil samples as well as time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements were collected from treatment plots on four field days. Results showed no significant ( p > 0.05) treatment effects on soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) within each field day. However, significant temporal effects were recorded for pH, EC, apparent electrical conductivity (EC a ) and electrical conductivity of the soil solution (EC w ). Soil depth (0−10 cm and 10−20 cm) had no significant effect on treatments. Significant positive correlations were recorded for EC with soil organic carbon and CEC (EC a , EC w 0−10 cm, & 10−20 cm, p = 0.000). Correlation results show that EC a measurements as a proxy to investigate the variability of key soil properties over large areas, but further investigation between EC a data and soil properties should be carried out to address uncertainties associated in predicting these properties.
Keywords	biochar ; dairy manure ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; cation exchange capacity ; electrical conductivity ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	630 ; 550
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Forage Yield and Quality Indices of Silage-Corn Following Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus Amendments in Podzol Soil under Boreal Climate

Waqas Ali / Muhammad Nadeem / Waqar Ashiq / Muhammad Zaeem / Raymond Thomas / Vanessa Kavanagh / Mumtaz Cheema

Agronomy, Vol 9, Iss 9, p

2019 Volume 489

Abstract: Dairy and livestock industry drives the economy and food security through sustainable supply of dairy products and meat across the globe. Dairy farm operations produce a large quantity of manure, which is a cheap and abundant plant nutrient source. ... ...

Abstract	Dairy and livestock industry drives the economy and food security through sustainable supply of dairy products and meat across the globe. Dairy farm operations produce a large quantity of manure, which is a cheap and abundant plant nutrient source. However, insufficient forage production with low quality matrix are the current challenges of dairy industry in boreal climate due to extreme weather conditions. To address these challenges, a field experiment was conducted for three years to determine the effects of organic (dairy manure-based phosphorus (DMP)) and inorganic phosphorus (P) amendments on forage yield and quality indices of silage-corn cultivated in boreal climate. Experimental treatments were: (i) DMP with high P concentration (DMP1); (ii) DMP with low P concentration (DMP2) and (iii) inorganic P, also designated as control; and five silage-corn genotypes (Fusion-RR, Yukon-R, A4177G3-RIB, DKC23-17RIB, DKC26-28RIB). Results revealed that DMP1 amendment produced significantly higher forage yield compared to inorganic P, whereas non-significant effects were shown on quality indices except P mineral, available and crude protein. Yukon-R and DKC26-28RIB showed superior agronomic performance and produced significantly higher forage yield, whereas A4177G3-RIB produced lowest forage yield but exhibited superior nutritional quality; higher minerals, protein, total digestible nutrients, net energy for gain, net energy for maintenance and calculated milk production compared to other genotypes. Yukon-R not only produced higher forage, but also displayed good forage quality indices which were very close to A4177G3-RIB genotype. Therefore, we conclude that Yukon-R cultivation following DMP as organic amendment could be a sustainable production practice to attain high forage yield with optimum nutritional quality to meet the forage needs of growing dairy industry in boreal climate.
Keywords	Boreal conditions ; calculated milk production ; dairy manure ; forage energies ; forage fiber ; forage protein ; livestock ; minerals composition ; phosphorus amendments ; Zea mays L ; Agriculture ; S
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Data set showing the development of a hyperspectral imaging technique using LA-ICP-MS to determine the spatial distribution of nutrients in soil cores

Muhammad Zaeem / Muhammad Nadeem / Thu Huong Pham / Waqar Ashiq / Waqas Ali / Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani / Eric R.D. Moise / Heather Leier / Vanessa Kavanagh / Lakshman Galagedara / Mumtaz Cheema / Raymond Thomas

Data in Brief, Vol 40, Iss , Pp 107677- (2022)

2022

Abstract: This data in brief article represents the data set associated with a research article published in Geoderma [1]. The data set represents figures showing the spatial distribution of selected macro and micronutrients, and their quantification in different ... ...

Abstract	This data in brief article represents the data set associated with a research article published in Geoderma [1]. The data set represents figures showing the spatial distribution of selected macro and micronutrients, and their quantification in different crop or nutrient management systems practiced in the boreal ecosystem. Spatial distribution of nutrients was measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‒ICP‒MS), using the new techniques we developed to visualize nutrient distribution in intact soil cores representative of the root rhizosphere. This data article supports the findings published in the main article [1]. This work also demonstrates that LA-ICP-MS is a valuable technique to image the spatial distribution of macro and micronutrients in intact soil cores as affected by different crop management practices.
Keywords	Elemental imaging ; Soil core nutrient imaging ; Nutrient mapping ; Spatial mineral distribution ; Imaging mass spectrometry ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Complete Genome Sequences of Bacillus Phages Janet and OTooleKemple52.

Kent, Brenna / Raymond, Thomas / Mosier, Philip D / Johnson, Allison A

Genome announcements

2018 Volume 6, Issue 19

Abstract: We report here the genome sequences of two ... ...

Abstract	We report here the genome sequences of two novel
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704277-7
ISSN	2169-8287
ISSN	2169-8287
DOI	10.1128/genomeA.00083-18
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