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  1. Article ; Online: Warning: High incidence rate of cognitive impairment from electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents.

    Read, John

    Journal of affective disorders

    2023  Volume 346, Page(s) 230–231

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Electroconvulsive Therapy/adverse effects ; Incidence ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1485: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  2. Article ; Online: Commentary on 'Information flow and dynamic functional connectivity during electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression'.

    Read, John

    Journal of affective disorders

    2023  Volume 332, Page(s) 341

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Depression/therapy ; Brain ; Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The experiences of 585 people when they tried to withdraw from antipsychotic drugs.

    Read, John

    Addictive behaviors reports

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 100421

    Abstract: Introduction: Many recipients of antipsychotic drugs try to stop taking them, primarily because of distressing adverse effects. Little research has been undertaken into the withdrawal symptoms that ensue.: Methods: In an online survey 585 ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Many recipients of antipsychotic drugs try to stop taking them, primarily because of distressing adverse effects. Little research has been undertaken into the withdrawal symptoms that ensue.
    Methods: In an online survey 585 antipsychotic users, from 29 countries, who had tried to stop taking the drugs, were asked specific questions about the process and the open question: 'What were the effects of withdrawing from the medication?' 44% had a diagnosis in the 'schizophrenia' spectrum.
    Results: Responding to specific questions, 72% reported classical withdrawal effects of the kind associated with other central nervous system medications, including nausea, tremors, anxiety, agitation and headaches. 52% of these categorized those effects as 'severe'. 26% had tried four or more times to discontinue, and 23% took at least one year to successfully withdraw completely. In response to the open question, 73% reported one or more withdrawal effects, most frequently, insomnia, nervousness and extreme feelings; 26% reported one or more positive outcomes, most frequently more energy/alive and clearer thinking; and 18% reported psychosis.
    Conclusion: These findings are consistent with a small but growing body of literature on this topic. Prescribers need to inform themselves about the nature, frequency and intensity of withdrawal effects from APs, and about withdrawal psychosis. National guidelines, professional bodies' statements, and drug company information urgently need to be updated to prevent the suffering that can occur when withdrawal is minimised, misunderstood or unsupported.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2831558-3
    ISSN 2352-8532 ; 2352-8532
    ISSN (online) 2352-8532
    ISSN 2352-8532
    DOI 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100421
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A response to yet another defence of ECT in the absence of robust efficacy and safety evidence.

    Read, John

    Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences

    2022  Volume 31, Page(s) e13

    Abstract: It is estimated that electroconvulsive therapy is still administered to approximately a million people a year. It involves passing enough electric current through the human brain, eight to twelve times, to cause convulsions, in the hope of somehow ... ...

    Abstract It is estimated that electroconvulsive therapy is still administered to approximately a million people a year. It involves passing enough electric current through the human brain, eight to twelve times, to cause convulsions, in the hope of somehow alleviating emotional suffering, primarily depression. There have only ever been 11 placebo-controlled studies (where general anaesthesia is administered but the electric shock is withheld), all of which were pre-1986, had very small sample sizes and were seriously methodologically flawed. Five of these studies found no difference between the two groups at the end of treatment, four found ECT produced better outcomes for some patients, and two produced mixed results, including one where psychiatrists' ratings produced a difference, but the ratings of nurses and patients did not. In the 80 years since the first ECT no studies have found any evidence that ECT is better than placebo beyond the end of treatment. Nevertheless, all five meta-analyses relying on these studies have somehow concluded that ECT is more effective than placebo despite the studies' multiple failings. Meanwhile, evidence of persistent or permanent memory loss in 12% to 55% of patients has accumulated. Attempts to highlight this failure of ECT proponents to provide robust evidence that their treatment is effective and safe are routinely dismissed, diminished, denied and denounced. This paper responds to one such attempt, by Drs Meechan, Laws, Young, McLoughlin and Jauhar, to discredit two systematic reviews of the eleven pre-1986 studies, in 2010 and 2019, the latter of which also reviewed five meta-analyses that had ignored the studies' failings. The criticisms and claims of the recent crtiique of the two systematic reviews are examined in detail, by the first author of both reviews, for accuracy, relevance and logic. The critique is found to include multiple errors, misrepresentations, omissions, inconsistencies and logical flaws. It is concluded that Meechan et al. fail to make a fact-based, coherent argument against suspending ECT pending a series of large, carefully designed placebo-controlled studies to establish whether ECT does have any beneficial effects against which to weigh the significant established adverse effects.
    MeSH term(s) Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2607964-1
    ISSN 2045-7979 ; 2045-7960
    ISSN (online) 2045-7979
    ISSN 2045-7960
    DOI 10.1017/S2045796021000846
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5143: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: How important are informed consent, informed choice, and patient-doctor relationships, when prescribing antipsychotic medication?

    Read, John

    Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England)

    2022  , Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Background: Antipsychotic medications (APs) are used for people with psychosis diagnoses and, increasingly for other problems and groups.: Aims: This study examines how APs are prescribed, from the perspective of recipients.: Methods: 757 people, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Antipsychotic medications (APs) are used for people with psychosis diagnoses and, increasingly for other problems and groups.
    Aims: This study examines how APs are prescribed, from the perspective of recipients.
    Methods: 757 people, from 30 countries, responded to questions about their experiences with APs, in an online survey.
    Results: Most (70%) were told nothing about adverse effects. Fewer than 2% recalled being told about the risks of diabetes, suicidality, sexual dysfunction, or reduced life span. None recalled being told about reduced brain volume or withdrawal effects. Only 28% recalled being offered other treatments; with only 14% offered talking therapies. 46% were not told how long to take the APs; and, of those who were told something, 48% were told to take them forever. Most respondents (76%) were not told how APs work. Only 19% were satisfied with the prescribing process, and only 25% reported a good, or very good, relationship with the prescriber. Information, satisfaction with the process, and the prescriber relationship were all positively related to three self-reported outcomes: reduction of problems the drugs were prescribed for, general helpfulness, and quality of life.
    Conclusions: Steps need to be taken to ensure people prescribed antipsychotics are fully informed, especially about adverse effects and alternatives.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1145439-8
    ISSN 1360-0567 ; 0963-8237
    ISSN (online) 1360-0567
    ISSN 0963-8237
    DOI 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069708
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    Zs.A 3695: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Bromides of Ammonium and of Potassium.

    Read, J B

    Atlanta medical and surgical journal

    2022  Volume 7B, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–27

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: An Evidence-Based Response to Dr Andrade's Commentary on Our Review of the ECT Efficacy Research.

    Read, John

    The Journal of clinical psychiatry

    2021  Volume 82, Issue 5

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 716287-x
    ISSN 1555-2101 ; 0160-6689
    ISSN (online) 1555-2101
    ISSN 0160-6689
    DOI 10.4088/JCP.21lr14047
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    Zs.B 108: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 247: Show issues

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  8. Book ; Online: From Multi-label Learning to Cross-Domain Transfer

    Read, Jesse

    A Model-Agnostic Approach

    2022  

    Abstract: In multi-label learning, a particular case of multi-task learning where a single data point is associated with multiple target labels, it was widely assumed in the literature that, to obtain best accuracy, the dependence among the labels should be ... ...

    Abstract In multi-label learning, a particular case of multi-task learning where a single data point is associated with multiple target labels, it was widely assumed in the literature that, to obtain best accuracy, the dependence among the labels should be explicitly modeled. This premise led to a proliferation of methods offering techniques to learn and predict labels together, for example where the prediction for one label influences predictions for other labels. Even though it is now acknowledged that in many contexts a model of dependence is not required for optimal performance, such models continue to outperform independent models in some of those very contexts, suggesting alternative explanations for their performance beyond label dependence, which the literature is only recently beginning to unravel. Leveraging and extending recent discoveries, we turn the original premise of multi-label learning on its head, and approach the problem of joint-modeling specifically under the absence of any measurable dependence among task labels; for example, when task labels come from separate problem domains. We shift insights from this study towards building an approach for transfer learning that challenges the long-held assumption that transferability of tasks comes from measurements of similarity between the source and target domains or models. This allows us to design and test a method for transfer learning, which is model driven rather than purely data driven, and furthermore it is black box and model-agnostic (any base model class can be considered). We show that essentially we can create task-dependence based on source-model capacity. The results we obtain have important implications and provide clear directions for future work, both in the areas of multi-label and transfer learning.
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-07-24
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Bad things happen and can drive you crazy: The causal beliefs of 701 people taking antipsychotics.

    Read, John

    Psychiatry research

    2020  Volume 285, Page(s) 112754

    Abstract: In almost all countries the public prefers psycho-social explanations of 'schizophrenia' to bio-genetic ones. The causal explanations of people who experience psychosis have been under-researched, and, if they diverge from the dominant bio-genetic ... ...

    Abstract In almost all countries the public prefers psycho-social explanations of 'schizophrenia' to bio-genetic ones. The causal explanations of people who experience psychosis have been under-researched, and, if they diverge from the dominant bio-genetic paradigm, can be dismissed as 'lack of insight'. 701 people, from 30 countries, who completed an online survey about their experiences on antipsychotics, answered an open question about what had caused the problems for which they had been prescribed the drugs. On a 'Bio-Social' likert scale, from 1 = 'Purely Biological' to 5 = 'Purely Social', the mean score was 4.24. Thematic analysis of 1,063 causal statements produced seven themes: Social (49.9%), Psychological (12.1%), Bio-genetic (11.6%), Iatrogenic (11.3%), Drug and Alcohol (6.7%), Medical Condition (4.5%) and Insomnia (4.0%). Respondents were 13 times more likely to report predominantly or exclusively Social causes as to report predominantly or exclusively Bio-genetic causes. Those with a psychosis diagnosis were even more likely than others to report a Social cause. The causal beliefs of this sample are consistent with previous studies of people diagnosed with 'schizophrenia' and the beliefs of the public. They are also aligned with recent research into the social causes of psychosis. It is argued that rather than dismiss the beliefs as 'lack of insight' it is more respectful and productive to listen carefully and adjust our understandings and services accordingly.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-02
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112754
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    Zs.A 1541: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Curettage and colour-A technique for defining tumour depth on the ear in the Mohs and non-Mohs setting.

    Pagliaro, Thomas / Read, Jazlyn

    The Australasian journal of dermatology

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 4, Page(s) 526–528

    Abstract: For tumours of the ear that are suspected to involve auricular cartilage, precise definition of the extent of involved deep margin can be difficult. As large resections of cartilage can be cosmetically disfiguring with limited repair options, we propose ... ...

    Abstract For tumours of the ear that are suspected to involve auricular cartilage, precise definition of the extent of involved deep margin can be difficult. As large resections of cartilage can be cosmetically disfiguring with limited repair options, we propose a simple and effective technique to facilitate a targeted deep margin resection using a curette and a surgical marking pen.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology ; Color ; Mohs Surgery/methods ; Curettage/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 138052-7
    ISSN 1440-0960 ; 0004-8380
    ISSN (online) 1440-0960
    ISSN 0004-8380
    DOI 10.1111/ajd.14158
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    Zs.A 236: Show issues Location:
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