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Article ; Online: Flexible reuse of cortico-hippocampal representations during encoding and recall of naturalistic events.

Reagh, Zachariah M / Ranganath, Charan

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 1279

Abstract: Although every life event is unique, there are considerable commonalities across events. However, little is known about whether or how the brain flexibly represents information about different event components at encoding and during remembering. Here, we ...

Abstract	Although every life event is unique, there are considerable commonalities across events. However, little is known about whether or how the brain flexibly represents information about different event components at encoding and during remembering. Here, we show that different cortico-hippocampal networks systematically represent specific components of events depicted in videos, both during online experience and during episodic memory retrieval. Regions of an Anterior Temporal Network represented information about people, generalizing across contexts, whereas regions of a Posterior Medial Network represented context information, generalizing across people. Medial prefrontal cortex generalized across videos depicting the same event schema, whereas the hippocampus maintained event-specific representations. Similar effects were seen in real-time and recall, suggesting reuse of event components across overlapping episodic memories. These representational profiles together provide a computationally optimal strategy to scaffold memory for different high-level event components, allowing efficient reuse for event comprehension, recollection, and imagination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain Mapping ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Recall ; Hippocampus ; Memory, Episodic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-36805-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cortico-hippocampal networks carry information about characters and their relationships in an extended narrative.

Karagoz, Ata B / Morse, Sarah J / Reagh, Zachariah M

Neuropsychologia

2023 Volume 191, Page(s) 108729

Abstract: Social information is a centerpiece of human experience. Despite a wealth of research into the way we understand social relationships and how aspects of social life might be supported by the brain, relatively little is known about how the brain ... ...

Abstract	Social information is a centerpiece of human experience. Despite a wealth of research into the way we understand social relationships and how aspects of social life might be supported by the brain, relatively little is known about how the brain represents individual people and their relationships with others. How do intrinsic networks in the brain track people and their connections in complex situations? Here, we sought to understand this issue using an open neuroimaging dataset in which people freely viewed "The Grand Budapest Hotel." Using support vector machine classification of fMRI activity patterns, we found that character identity could be decoded throughout subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network, especially in regions of an Anterior Temporal and a Medial Prefrontal subsystem, as well as a Medial Temporal Network (MTN). We tested character relationships in two ways - onscreen co-occurrence and shared semantic information from an independent sample of character descriptions - and found evidence for these representations throughout the "Default Mode" Network, and the MTN. The extent to which each variant of character relationships fit neural patterns differed across networks, with abstract semantic relatedness being especially prominent in regions of Anterior Temporal and Medial Prefrontal Networks. These data show that subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network and MTN carry information about individual people as well as their connections, and highlight a particularly strong role for the Anterior Temporal network in representing this information.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207151-4
ISSN	1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
ISSN (online)	1873-3514
ISSN	0028-3932
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108729
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Zs.A 524: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Aging impacts memory for perceptual, but not narrative, event details.

Delarazan, Angelique I / Ranganath, Charan / Reagh, Zachariah M

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 48–54

Abstract: Memory is well known to decline over the course of healthy aging. However, memory is not a monolith and draws from different kinds of representations. Historically, much of our understanding of age-related memory decline stems from recognition of ... ...

Abstract	Memory is well known to decline over the course of healthy aging. However, memory is not a monolith and draws from different kinds of representations. Historically, much of our understanding of age-related memory decline stems from recognition of isolated studied items. In contrast, real-life events are often remembered as narratives, and this kind of information is generally missed in typical recognition memory studies. Here, we designed a task to tax mnemonic discrimination of event details, directly contrasting perceptual and narrative memory. Older and younger adults watched an episode of a television show and later completed an old/new recognition test featuring targets, novel foils, and similar lures in narrative and perceptual domains. While we observed no age-related differences on basic recognition of repeated targets and novel foils, older adults showed a deficit in correctly rejecting perceptual, but not narrative, lures. These findings provide insight into the vulnerability of different memory domains in aging and may be useful in characterizing individuals at risk for pathological cognitive decline.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Aging ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Healthy Aging ; Memory ; Mental Recall
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1204777-6
ISSN	1549-5485 ; 1072-0502
ISSN (online)	1549-5485
ISSN	1072-0502
DOI	10.1101/lm.053740.122
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Zs.A 4107: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The construction and use of cognitive maps in model-based control.

Karagoz, Ata B / Reagh, Zachariah M / Kool, Wouter

Journal of experimental psychology. General

2023 Volume 153, Issue 2, Page(s) 372–385

Abstract: When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide ... ...

Abstract	When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide goal-directed decisions? We coupled a sequential decision-making task with a behavioral representational similarity analysis approach to examine how relationships between choice options change when people build a cognitive map of the task structure. We found that participants who encoded stronger higher-order relationships among choice options showed increased planning and better performance. These higher-order relationships were more strongly encoded among objects encountered in high-reward contexts, indicating a role for motivation during cognitive map construction. In contrast, lower-order relationships such as simple visual co-occurrence of objects did not predict goal-directed planning. These results show that the construction of cognitive maps is an active process, with motivation dictating the degree to which higher-order relationships are encoded and used for planning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Motivation ; Reward ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189732-9
ISSN	1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
ISSN (online)	1939-2222
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/xge0001491
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Zs.A 2255: Show issues

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Article: Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in schizophrenia.

Karagoz, Ata B / Moran, Erin K / Barch, Deanna M / Kool, Wouter / Reagh, Zachariah M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative explanation is that schizophrenia negatively impacts the formation of cognitive maps, the internal representations of the way the world is structured, necessary for the formation of effective action plans. That is, deficits in decision-making could also arise when goal-directed control and motivation are intact, but used to plan over ill-formed maps. Here, we test the hypothesis that individuals with SZ are impaired in the construction of cognitive maps. We combine a behavioral representational similarity analysis technique with a sequential decision-making task. This enables us to examine how relationships between choice options change when individuals with SZ and healthy age-matched controls build a cognitive map of the task structure. Our results indicate that SZ affects how people represent the structure of the task, focusing more on simpler visual features and less on abstract, higher-order, planning-relevant features. At the same time, we find that SZ were able to display similar performance on this task compared to controls, emphasizing the need for a distinction between cognitive map formation and changes in goal-directed control in understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.26.582214
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Article ; Online: What does the functional organization of cortico-hippocampal networks tell us about the functional organization of memory?

Reagh, Zachariah M / Ranganath, Charan

Neuroscience letters

2018 Volume 680, Page(s) 69–76

Abstract: Historically, research on the cognitive processes that support human memory proceeded, to a large extent, independently of research on the neural basis of memory. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging, however, has enabled the field to develop a ... ...

Abstract	Historically, research on the cognitive processes that support human memory proceeded, to a large extent, independently of research on the neural basis of memory. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging, however, has enabled the field to develop a broader and more integrative perspective. Here, we briefly outline how advances in cognitive neuroscience can potentially shed light on concepts and controversies in human memory research. We argue that research on the functional properties of cortico-hippocampal networks informs us about how memories might be organized in the brain, which, in turn, helps to reconcile seemingly disparate perspectives in cognitive psychology. Finally, we discuss several open questions and directions for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Neocortex/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-25
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	194929-9
ISSN	1872-7972 ; 0304-3940
ISSN (online)	1872-7972
ISSN	0304-3940
DOI	10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.050
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Zs.A 1166: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Intrinsic functional connectivity in the default mode network predicts mnemonic discrimination: A connectome-based modeling approach.

Wahlheim, Christopher N / Christensen, Alexander P / Reagh, Zachariah M / Cassidy, Brittany S

Hippocampus

2021 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–37

Abstract: The ability to distinguish existing memories from similar perceptual experiences is a core feature of episodic memory. This ability is often examined using the mnemonic similarity task in which people discriminate memories of studied objects from ... ...

Abstract	The ability to distinguish existing memories from similar perceptual experiences is a core feature of episodic memory. This ability is often examined using the mnemonic similarity task in which people discriminate memories of studied objects from perceptually similar lures. Studies of the neural basis of such mnemonic discrimination have mostly focused on hippocampal function and connectivity. However, default mode network (DMN) connectivity may also support such discrimination, given that the DMN includes the hippocampus, and its connectivity supports many aspects of episodic memory. Here, we used connectome-based predictive modeling to identify associations between intrinsic DMN connectivity and mnemonic discrimination. We leveraged a wide range of abilities across healthy younger and older adults to facilitate this predictive approach. Resting-state functional connectivity in the DMN predicted mnemonic discrimination outside the MRI scanner, especially among prefrontal and temporal regions and including several hippocampal regions. This predictive relationship was stronger for younger than older adults, primarily for temporal-prefrontal connectivity. The novel associations established here are consistent with mounting evidence that broader cortical networks including the hippocampus support mnemonic discrimination. They also suggest that age-related network disruptions undermine the extent that the DMN supports this ability. This study provides the first indication of how intrinsic functional properties of the DMN support mnemonic discrimination.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Connectome ; Default Mode Network ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory, Episodic ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23393
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Zs.A 3227: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Precise temporal memories are supported by the lateral entorhinal cortex in humans.

Montchal, Maria E / Reagh, Zachariah M / Yassa, Michael A

Nature neuroscience

2019 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 284–288

Abstract: There is accumulating evidence that the entorhinal-hippocampal network is important for temporal memory. However, relatively little is known about the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory for time. In particular, whether the lateral ... ...

Abstract	There is accumulating evidence that the entorhinal-hippocampal network is important for temporal memory. However, relatively little is known about the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory for time. In particular, whether the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is involved in temporal processing remains an open question. During high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, participants watched a ~28-min episode of a television show. During the test, they viewed still-frames and indicated on a continuous timeline the precise time each still-frame was viewed during the study. This procedure allowed us to measure error in seconds for each trial. We analyzed fMRI data from retrieval and found that high temporal precision was associated with increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI activity in the anterolateral entorhinal (a homolog of the LEC in rodents) and perirhinal cortices, but not in the posteromedial entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices. This suggests a previously unknown role for the LEC in processing of high-precision, minute-scale temporal memories.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Entorhinal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420596-8
ISSN	1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
ISSN (online)	1546-1726
ISSN	1097-6256
DOI	10.1038/s41593-018-0303-1
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Zs.A 4891: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 67: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Aging alters neural activity at event boundaries in the hippocampus and Posterior Medial network.

Reagh, Zachariah M / Delarazan, Angelique I / Garber, Alexander / Ranganath, Charan

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 3980

Abstract: Recent research has highlighted a role for the hippocampus and a Posterior Medial cortical network in signaling event boundaries. However, little is known about whether or how these neural processes change over the course of healthy aging. Here, 546 ... ...

Abstract	Recent research has highlighted a role for the hippocampus and a Posterior Medial cortical network in signaling event boundaries. However, little is known about whether or how these neural processes change over the course of healthy aging. Here, 546 cognitively normal participants 18-88 years old viewed a short movie while brain activity was measured using fMRI. The hippocampus and regions of the Posterior Medial network show increased activity at event boundaries, but these boundary-evoked responses decrease with age. Boundary-evoked activity in the posterior hippocampus predicts performance on a separate test of memory for stories, suggesting that hippocampal activity during event segmentation may be a broad indicator of individual differences in episodic memory ability. In contrast, boundary-evoked responses in the medial prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus increase across the age range. These findings suggest that aging may alter neural processes for segmenting and remembering continuous real-world experiences.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Time Factors ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-17713-4
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Article ; Online: Representations of Complex Contexts: A Role for Hippocampus.

Dimsdale-Zucker, Halle R / Montchal, Maria E / Reagh, Zachariah M / Wang, Shao-Fang / Libby, Laura A / Ranganath, Charan

Journal of cognitive neuroscience

2022 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 90–110

Abstract: The hippocampus plays a critical role in supporting episodic memory, in large part by binding together experiences and items with surrounding contextual information. At present, however, little is known about the roles of different hippocampal subfields ... ...

Abstract	The hippocampus plays a critical role in supporting episodic memory, in large part by binding together experiences and items with surrounding contextual information. At present, however, little is known about the roles of different hippocampal subfields in supporting this item-context binding. To address this question, we constructed a task in which items were affiliated with differing types of context-cognitive associations that vary at the local, item level and membership in temporally organized lists that linked items together at a global level. Participants made item recognition judgments while undergoing high-resolution fMRI. We performed voxel pattern similarity analyses to answer the question of how human hippocampal subfields represent retrieved information about cognitive states and the time at which a past event took place. As participants recollected previously presented items, activity patterns in the CA23DG subregion carried information about prior cognitive states associated with these items. We found no evidence to suggest reinstatement of information about temporal context at the level of list membership, but exploratory analyses revealed representations of temporal context at a coarse level in conjunction with representations of cognitive contexts. Results are consistent with characterizations of CA23DG as a critical site for binding together items and contexts in the service of memory retrieval.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall ; Recognition, Psychology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1007410-7
ISSN	1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
ISSN (online)	1530-8898
ISSN	0898-929X ; 1096-8857
DOI	10.1162/jocn_a_01919
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