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  1. Article ; Online: High conductivity Sepia melanin ink films for environmentally benign printed electronics.

    Camus, Anthony / Reali, Manuel / Rozel, Michael / Zhuldybina, Mariia / Soavi, Francesca / Santato, Clara

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2022  Volume 119, Issue 32, Page(s) e2200058119

    Abstract: Melanins (from the Greek μέλας, mélas, black) are bio-pigments ubiquitous in flora and fauna. Eumelanin is an insoluble brown-black type of melanin, found in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, among which Sepia (cuttlefish) is noteworthy. Sepia melanin ...

    Abstract Melanins (from the Greek μέλας, mélas, black) are bio-pigments ubiquitous in flora and fauna. Eumelanin is an insoluble brown-black type of melanin, found in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, among which Sepia (cuttlefish) is noteworthy. Sepia melanin is a type of bio-sourced eumelanin that can readily be extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish. Eumelanin features broadband optical absorption, metal-binding affinity and antioxidative and radical-scavenging properties. It is a prototype of benign material for sustainable organic electronics technologies. Here, we report on an electronic conductivity as high as 10
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Electronics/instrumentation ; Humans ; Ink ; Melanins/chemistry ; Pigmentation ; Sepia/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Melanins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2200058119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A nanoscale study of the structure and electrical response of Sepia eumelanin.

    Niyonkuru, Dieudonné / Camus, Anthony / Reali, Manuel / Gao, Zhaojing / Shadrack, Daniel M / Butyaev, Oleg / Surtchev, Marko / Santato, Clara

    Nanoscale advances

    2023  Volume 5, Issue 19, Page(s) 5295–5300

    Abstract: Eumelanin, the brown-black member of the melanin biopigment family, is a prototype material for sustainable (green) organic electronics. Sepia eumelanin (Sepia) is a type of biosourced eumelanin extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish. Electron ... ...

    Abstract Eumelanin, the brown-black member of the melanin biopigment family, is a prototype material for sustainable (green) organic electronics. Sepia eumelanin (Sepia) is a type of biosourced eumelanin extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish. Electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy images of Sepia show distinguishable near spherical granules with diameters of about 150-200 nm. We have recently reported on predominant electronic transport in printed films of Sepia formulated inks including the (insulating) binder Polyvinyl-butyral (PVB). In that work, we proposed that inter-granular percolative transport, observed for micrometric interelectrode distances, is promoted by the confining action of the PVB binder on the Sepia granules. Considering that inter-granular transport implies intra-granular transport, in this work we proceeded to a nanoscale study of Sepia granules by High Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (HR-AFM) and Conductive-AFM (c-AFM). We have observed protrusions on the surface of the Sepia granules, suggesting sub-granular structures compatible with the hierarchical development of Sepia, as proposed elsewhere. For films of Sepia formulated inks deposited on gold-coated substrates, c-AFM revealed, for the very first time, a nanoscale electrical response. Nanoscale studies provide the key to structure-property relationships in biosourced materials strategic for sustainable organic electronics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2516-0230
    ISSN (online) 2516-0230
    DOI 10.1039/d3na00355h
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Locating the bandgap edges of eumelanin thin films for applications in organic electronics

    Niyonkuru, Dieudonné / Carrière, Alexandre / Ambrose, Ryan / Gouda, Abdelaziz / Reali, Manuel / Camus, Anthony / Pezzella, Alessandro / Hill, Ian / Santato, Clara

    Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology. 2022 Apr., v. 97, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bio‐sourced (natural) organic materials are often chemically and structurally disordered, such that their structure‐property relationships must be explored using model systems. Eumelanin is an interesting candidate among natural organic ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Bio‐sourced (natural) organic materials are often chemically and structurally disordered, such that their structure‐property relationships must be explored using model systems. Eumelanin is an interesting candidate among natural organic materials. RESULTS: In this work, the locations of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of 5,6‐dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid (DHICA) building blocks (monomers) of the black‐brown biopigment eumelanin, in film form, are studied. The films are fabricated by the spin‐coating technique (i.e., here indicated as DHI‐ and DHICA‐films), which is sometimes followed by ammonia‐induced solid‐state polymerization (i.e., indicated as AISSP‐DHI and AISSP‐DHICA films), as well as by thermal evaporation (i.e., evaporated DHI and DHICA films). From Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), we deduced the ionization energies (EI) for all DHI‐ and DHICA‐based films to be in the range of 5.34‐5.56 eV and 5.35‐5.80 eV, respectively. The electron affinities (χE) are measurable using inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) for DHI films (3.80 eV) and both evaporated DHI (4.0 eV) and DHICA (3.9 eV) films. On the other hand, the χE values of DHICA, AISSP‐DHI, and AISSP‐DHICA films are estimated with about 0.5 eV of uncertainty. UV‐visible spectroscopy reveals the preferred chromophoric bands for DHICA, AISSP‐DHICA, and DHI are in the range of 300‐330 nm, while AISSP‐DHI exhibits a broadened UV‐visible absorbance. CONCLUSION: Our study paves the way for the design of suitable metal‐eumelanin interfaces for electronic applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
    Keywords absorbance ; biotechnology ; electronics ; energy ; eumelanin ; evaporation ; ionization ; polymerization ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ; uncertainty
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 837-843.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1479465-2
    ISSN 1097-4660 ; 0268-2575
    ISSN (online) 1097-4660
    ISSN 0268-2575
    DOI 10.1002/jctb.7011
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Eumelanin: From Molecular State to Film

    Reali, Manuel / Camus, Anthony / Beaulieu, Guillaume / De Angelis, Jordan / Pellerin, Christian / Pezzella, Alessandro / Santato, Clara

    Journal of physical chemistry. 2021 Feb. 03, v. 125, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: Eumelanin, a macromolecular biopigment, is an attractive candidate for sustainable (green) organic electronics. Establishing structure–property relationships in eumelanin films is an essential step to exploit its technological potential. We report on the ...

    Abstract Eumelanin, a macromolecular biopigment, is an attractive candidate for sustainable (green) organic electronics. Establishing structure–property relationships in eumelanin films is an essential step to exploit its technological potential. We report on the evolution from the molecular state to film after spin coating on silicon dioxide solutions of (5,6)-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and (5,6)-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) eumelanin building blocks (monomers). The evolution of the spin-coated films was studied under various environmental conditions, such as ambient vs an ammonia atmosphere, which catalyzes polymerization. Atomic force microscopy images reveal dramatic morphological changes as a function of the environmental conditions. Infrared and UV–vis spectroscopies indicate that these changes are due to a combination of physical (self-assembly) and chemical (polymerization) processes. Preliminary electrical measurements on films were also carried out.
    Keywords ammonia ; atomic force microscopy ; electronics ; eumelanin ; physical chemistry ; polymerization ; silica
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0203
    Size p. 3567-3576.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 1932-7455
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10063
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Electronic Transport in the Biopigment Sepia Melanin.

    Reali, Manuel / Gouda, Abdelaziz / Bellemare, Jonathan / Ménard, David / Nunzi, Jean-Michel / Soavi, Francesca / Santato, Clara

    ACS applied bio materials

    2020  Volume 3, Issue 8, Page(s) 5244–5252

    Abstract: Eumelanin is the most common form of the pigment melanin in the human body, with diverse functions including photoprotection, antioxidant behavior, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. Melanin also plays a role in melanoma skin cancer and ... ...

    Abstract Eumelanin is the most common form of the pigment melanin in the human body, with diverse functions including photoprotection, antioxidant behavior, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. Melanin also plays a role in melanoma skin cancer and Parkinson's disease. Sepia melanin is a natural eumelanin extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish. Eumelanin is an ideal candidate to eco-design technologies based on abundant, biosourced, and biodegradable organic electronic materials to alleviate the environmental footprint of the electronics sector. Herein, the focus is on the reversible electrical resistive switching in dry and wet Sepia eumelanin pellets, pointing to the possibility of predominant electronic transport satisfying
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2576-6422
    ISSN (online) 2576-6422
    DOI 10.1021/acsabm.0c00373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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