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Article ; Online: 4281 Developing a predictive tool to detect peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Rebecca Brown / Erica Schorr / Diane Treat-Jacobson

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, Vol 4, Pp 27-

Examining patient-reported symptoms in ischemic versus non-ischemic conditions (PREDICT PAD)

2020 Volume 27

Abstract: OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Objectives: The study goal is to identify discriminating symptom characteristics of PAD versus non-ischemic conditions to improve recognition. Just as nausea, back, and jaw pain were once thought to be unrelated to myocardial infarction ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Objectives: The study goal is to identify discriminating symptom characteristics of PAD versus non-ischemic conditions to improve recognition. Just as nausea, back, and jaw pain were once thought to be unrelated to myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease, patient-reported symptoms of PAD are frequently overlooked as being a sign of PAD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods: Using a prospective de novo population-based cross-sectional design we will link symptom descriptors to PAD disease status using diagnostic testing in individuals who report lower extremity or buttock symptoms (n = 100). Symptom descriptors will be obtained via questionnaires and structured interviews will be completed pre and post physical function tests. Using near infrared spectroscopy, we will measure calf muscle tissue oxygenation levels to further differentiate ischemic vs. non-ischemic symptoms during exercise. The primary outcome will be the diagnostic accuracy of patient-reported symptoms which discriminate between PAD and non-PAD conditions. Positive predictive value and accuracy will be calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and chi-square analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results: Previous studies from which symptom descriptors have been obtained were from patients with known PAD, of which 85-88% of participants were male.1–2 Seventy-six percent of this sample thus far is female. Nationally, PAD prevalence is 20% in those over the age of 70 years, however 58% of our study participants tested positive for PAD (via ankle brachial index test).3 The most commonly reported symptoms of PAD are “numbness” and “aching” vs. those without PAD most commonly reporting “cramping”. These results trend against our current understanding of PAD symptomatology, which is that cramping is the cardinal symptom of PAD.4 Preliminary analysis suggests that balance is a sensitive and specific predictor of PAD. Recruitment is ongoing, therefore results are preliminary. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of SPL100 Single Photon Lidar Data

Rebecca Brown / Preston Hartzell / Craig Glennie

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 4, p

2020 Volume 722

Abstract: Geiger-mode and single photon lidar sensors have recently emerged on the commercial market, advertising greater collection efficiency than the traditional linear mode lidar (LML) systems. Non-linear photon detection is a new technology for the geospatial ...

Abstract	Geiger-mode and single photon lidar sensors have recently emerged on the commercial market, advertising greater collection efficiency than the traditional linear mode lidar (LML) systems. Non-linear photon detection is a new technology for the geospatial community, and its performance characteristics for surveying and mapping are not yet well understood. Therefore, the geospatial quality of the data produced by one of these new sensors, the Leica SPL100, is examined by comparing the achieved lidar point cloud accuracy, precision, digital elevation model (DEM) generation, canopy penetration, and multiple return generation to a LML point cloud. We find the SPL100 has a lower ranging precision than linear mode lidar and that the precision is more negatively affected by surface properties such as low intensity and high incidence angle. The accuracy of the SPL100 point cloud, however, was found to be comparable to LML for smooth horizontal surfaces. A 1 m resolution SPL100 DEM was also comparable to a corresponding LML DEM, but the SPL100 was observed to have a reduced ability to resolve multiple returns through vegetation when compared to a LML sensor. In its current state, the SPL100 is likely best suited for applications in which the need for collection efficiency outweighs the need for maximum precision and canopy penetration and modeling.
Keywords	lidar ; single photon ; airborne laser scanning ; canopy penetration ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using financial incentives to support service engagement of adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness

Nadine Reid / Rebecca Brown / Cheryl Pedersen / Nicole Kozloff / Alexandra Sosnowski / Vicky Stergiopoulos

Health Expectations, Vol 25, Iss 3, Pp 984-

A qualitative analysis of key stakeholder perspectives

2022 Volume 993

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Homelessness and mental illness are associated with poor service engagement, health and health service use outcomes. Existing literature suggests that financial incentives may effectively support service engagement of this ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Introduction Homelessness and mental illness are associated with poor service engagement, health and health service use outcomes. Existing literature suggests that financial incentives may effectively support service engagement of this population, but studies investigating key stakeholder perspectives are lacking. This study aimed to elicit, using qualitative methods, nuanced service user and provider experiences by using financial incentives to support service engagement among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness. Methods This qualitative study is part of a larger mixed‐methods pragmatic trial of financial incentives (Coordinated Access to Care for the Homeless—Financial Incentives [CATCH‐FI]) within a community‐based brief case management programme (CATCH) in Toronto, Ontario. Twenty‐two CATCH‐FI participants were purposefully recruited to participate in in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews; five CATCH service providers participated in a focus group and seven key informants in individual interviews. Data collection occurred between April 2019 and December 2020. All interviews and the focus group were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Topic guides prompted participant perspectives on and experiences of using financial incentives to support engagement, health and well‐being. Grounded theory and inductive thematic analysis guided coding and interpretation of transcripts. Triangulation and member‐checking enhanced the analytical rigour and validity of findings. Results CATCH service providers, key informants and subgroup of CATCH‐FI participants perceived financial incentives to directly facilitate service engagement. The majority of CATCH‐FI participants however highlighted that intrinsic motivation and service quality may be relatively more important facilitators of engagement. Most study participants across stakeholder groups perceived that financial incentives have direct positive influences on health and well‐being in enabling access to basic needs and simple pleasures. Conclusions Our ...
Keywords	financial incentives ; health services research ; homelessness ; mental illness ; qualitative ; service engagement ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Automatic detection of circulating tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts using deep learning

Cheng Shen / Siddarth Rawal / Rebecca Brown / Haowen Zhou / Ashutosh Agarwal / Mark A. Watson / Richard J. Cote / Changhuei Yang

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from whole blood are emerging as important biomarkers that potentially aid in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The microfilter technology provides an efficient capture ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from whole blood are emerging as important biomarkers that potentially aid in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The microfilter technology provides an efficient capture platform for them but is confounded by two challenges. First, uneven microfilter surfaces makes it hard for commercial scanners to obtain images with all cells in-focus. Second, current analysis is labor-intensive with long turnaround time and user-to-user variability. Here we addressed the first challenge through developing a customized imaging system and data pre-processing algorithms. Utilizing cultured cancer and CAF cells captured by microfilters, we showed that images from our custom system are 99.3% in-focus compared to 89.9% from a top-of-the-line commercial scanner. Then we developed a deep-learning-based method to automatically identify tumor cells serving to mimic CTC (mCTC) and CAFs. Our deep learning method achieved precision and recall of 94% (± 0.2%) and 96% (± 0.2%) for mCTC detection, and 93% (± 1.7%) and 84% (± 3.1%) for CAF detection, significantly better than a conventional computer vision method, whose numbers are 92% (± 0.2%) and 78% (± 0.3%) for mCTC and 58% (± 3.9%) and 56% (± 3.5%) for CAF. Our custom imaging system combined with deep learning cell identification method represents an important advance on CTC and CAF analysis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	004 ; 006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Preventative practices and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of children with pediatric pulmonary hypertension

Erik J. Nelson / Ella Cook / Megan Pierce / Samara Nelson / Ashley Bangerter Seelos / Heather Stickle / Rebecca Brown / Michael Johansen

BMC Public Health, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and life-threatening disease characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. COVID-19 may exacerbate PH, as evidenced by higher mortality rates among those ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and life-threatening disease characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. COVID-19 may exacerbate PH, as evidenced by higher mortality rates among those with PH. The objective of this study was to understand the unique burdens that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed upon families of children living with PH. Methods Participants were recruited online through the “Families of children with pulmonary hypertension” Facebook group and asked to complete a survey about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 139 parents/caregivers of children living with PH completed the online survey. Almost all (85.6%) of parents/caregivers had received the COVID-19 vaccine, though only 59.7% reported a willingness to vaccinate their child with PH against COVID-19. Over 75% of parents/caregivers felt that they practiced preventative measures (e.g., wearing a facemask, social distancing, and avoiding gatherings) more than those in the community where they live. They also reported several hardships related to caring for their child with PH during the pandemic such as financial duress, loss of work, and affording treatment costs. Conclusions These findings indicate that parents/caregivers of children at higher risk for COVID-19 complications may be more willing to act on clinical recommendations themselves as proxy for protecting those at high risk. The economic, emotional and social impacts of COVID-19 are significantly greater for high-risk individuals.
Keywords	Pulmonary hypertension ; COVID-19 ; Vaccination ; Pediatric ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Human exposure to zoonotic malaria vectors in village, farm and forest habitats in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Rebecca Brown / Tock H Chua / Kimberly Fornace / Chris Drakeley / Indra Vythilingam / Heather M Ferguson

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 9, p e

2020 Volume 0008617

Abstract: The zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, is now a substantial public health problem in Malaysian Borneo. Current understanding of P. knowlesi vector bionomics and ecology in Sabah comes from a few studies near the epicentre of human cases in ... ...

Abstract	The zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, is now a substantial public health problem in Malaysian Borneo. Current understanding of P. knowlesi vector bionomics and ecology in Sabah comes from a few studies near the epicentre of human cases in one district, Kudat. These have incriminated Anopheles balabacensis as the primary vector, and suggest that human exposure to vector biting is peri-domestic as well as in forest environments. To address the limited understanding of vector ecology and human exposure risk outside of Kudat, we performed wider scale surveillance across four districts in Sabah with confirmed transmission to investigate spatial heterogeneity in vector abundance, diversity and infection rate. Entomological surveillance was carried out six months after a cross-sectional survey of P. knowlesi prevalence in humans throughout the study area; providing an opportunity to investigate associations between entomological indicators and infection. Human-landing catches were performed in peri-domestic, farm and forest sites in 11 villages (3-4 per district) and paired with estimates of human P. knowlesi exposure based on sero-prevalence. Anopheles balabacensis was present in all districts but only 6/11 villages. The mean density of An. balabacensis was relatively low, but significantly higher in farm (0.094/night) and forest (0.082/night) than peri-domestic areas (0.007/night). Only one An. balabacensis (n = 32) was infected with P. knowlesi. Plasmodium knowlesi sero-positivity in people was not associated with An. balabacensis density at the village-level however post hoc analyses indicated the study had limited power to detect a statistical association due low vector density. Wider scale sampling revealed substantial heterogeneity in vector density and distribution between villages and districts. Vector-habitat associations predicted from this larger-scale surveillance differed from those inferred from smaller-scale studies in Kudat; highlighting the importance of local ecological context. ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of change and participant outcomes in a Recovery Education Centre for individuals transitioning from homelessness

Nadine Reid / Bushra Khan / Sophie Soklaridis / Nicole Kozloff / Rebecca Brown / Vicky Stergiopoulos

BMC Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a qualitative evaluation

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Recovery Education Centres (RECs) are increasingly implemented to support the process of recovery for individuals experiencing mental health challenges. However, the evidence on key REC mechanisms and outcomes, particularly for ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Recovery Education Centres (RECs) are increasingly implemented to support the process of recovery for individuals experiencing mental health challenges. However, the evidence on key REC mechanisms and outcomes, particularly for diverse subpopulations or service delivery contexts is scant. This study identified mechanisms and outcomes of an REC focused on adults with mental health challenges transitioning from homelessness. Methods Qualitative methods were used to explore in-depth the experiences of homeless and unstably housed participants experiencing mental health challenges in Toronto, Canada. Twenty service users participated in semi-structured interviews between July 2017 and June 2018, six to 14 months following REC enrollment. A realist informed interview guide explored participants’ perspectives on key REC mechanisms and outcomes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Investigator triangulation and member checking processes enhanced analytical rigour. Results Participants perceived that program participation supported the process of recovery through several mechanisms: a judgment-free environment; supportive relationships, mutuality and role modelling; deconstruction of self-stigma; and reclaiming of one’s power. Participants described several outcomes at the personal, interpersonal and social levels, including improvements in health and well-being; self-esteem, confidence and identity; sense of empowerment, control and personal responsibility; as well as improvements in interpersonal skills, pro-social behaviours and ability to self-advocate; and increased goal development and future orientation. Conclusions Findings suggest RECs can support the process of recovery among people transitioning from homelessness and can successfully support subpopulations experiencing mental health challenges and social disadvantage.
Keywords	Recovery education ; Recovery college ; Homelessness ; Mechanisms ; Outcomes ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Neural signatures of bullying experience and social rejection in teenagers

Markus Kiefer / Eun-Jin Sim / Sabrina Heil / Rebecca Brown / Bärbel Herrnberger / Manfred Spitzer / Georg Grön

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Relational bullying in schools is one of the most frequent forms of violence and can have severe negative health impact, e.g. depression. Social exclusion is the most prominent form of relational bullying that can be operationalized experimentally. The ... ...

Abstract	Relational bullying in schools is one of the most frequent forms of violence and can have severe negative health impact, e.g. depression. Social exclusion is the most prominent form of relational bullying that can be operationalized experimentally. The present study used MR-based perfusion imaging (pCASL) to investigate the neural signatures of social exclusion and its relationship with individually different extent of previous bullying experience. Twenty-four teenagers reporting bullying experience at different extent were scanned during a virtual ball-tossing (Cyberball game). Our findings showed that social exclusion (relative to social inclusion) activated frontal brain areas: sub- and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (sg/pgACC), left inferior frontal cortex (IFG), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Positive relationship between exclusion-specific signal increase and individually different extents of prior bullying experience was for the first time observed in left IFG and sgACC. This suggests that more frequent prior experience has conditioned greater mentalizing and/or rumination, in order to cope with the situation. While this interpretation remains speculative, the present data show that the experience of being bullied partly sensitizes the neural substrate relevant for the processing of social exclusion.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Neural signatures of bullying experience and social rejection in teenagers.

Markus Kiefer / Eun-Jin Sim / Sabrina Heil / Rebecca Brown / Bärbel Herrnberger / Manfred Spitzer / Georg Grön

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e

2021 Volume 0255681

Abstract	Relational bullying in schools is one of the most frequent forms of violence and can have severe negative health impact, e.g. depression. Social exclusion is the most prominent form of relational bullying that can be operationalized experimentally. The present study used MR-based perfusion imaging (pCASL) to investigate the neural signatures of social exclusion and its relationship with individually different extent of previous bullying experience. Twenty-four teenagers reporting bullying experience at different extent were scanned during a virtual ball-tossing (Cyberball game). Our findings showed that social exclusion (relative to social inclusion) activated frontal brain areas: sub- and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (sg/pgACC), left inferior frontal cortex (IFG), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Positive relationship between exclusion-specific signal increase and individually different extents of prior bullying experience was for the first time observed in left IFG and sgACC. This suggests that more frequent prior experience has conditioned greater mentalizing and/or rumination, in order to cope with the situation. While this interpretation remains speculative, the present data show that the experience of being bullied partly sensitizes the neural substrate relevant for the processing of social exclusion.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: ‘You've come to children that are in care and given us the opportunity to get our voices heard'

Hayley Alderson / Rebecca Brown / Debbie Smart / Raghu Lingam / Gail Dovey‐Pearce

Health Expectations, Vol 22, Iss 4, Pp 657-

The journey of looked after children and researchers in developing a Patient and Public Involvement group

2019 Volume 665

Abstract: Abstract Background Looked after children and care leavers (denoted as LAC) are often described as a ‘hard to reach' group of young people, and their voices are rarely sought to inform academic research. Methods This paper reports on experiences and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Looked after children and care leavers (denoted as LAC) are often described as a ‘hard to reach' group of young people, and their voices are rarely sought to inform academic research. Methods This paper reports on experiences and reflections of a group of children and young people and academic researchers who developed a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group that was set up in the context of an ongoing health service intervention trial with LAC. Setting and participants Eighteen qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven LAC, the participation officer within a North East Children in Care Council and the four researchers involved in developing and facilitating the PPI group. PPI sessions (n = 9) each approximately 1 hour in length were conducted over an 18‐month period. Analysis The qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, and direct quotes are used within the paper. Main outcomes The LAC used the PPI group to produce a 5‐minute video to highlight why they think young people should be involved in research. Overall findings suggested that it was feasible to develop a research‐related PPI group with LAC. Findings from the research were used to co‐develop ‘top tips' of working with vulnerable young people such as looked after children. Conclusion This paper has shown that PPI with LAC can be done if a co‐production approach to research is taken. It also suggests that assumptions regarding the capabilities of young people as researchers need to be re‐evaluated.
Keywords	looked after children ; Patient and Public Involvement ; qualitative research ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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