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  1. Article ; Online: Nutritional Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment for Patients With Kidney Disease: A Primer.

    Sullivan, Valerie K / Rebholz, Casey M

    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

    2023  Volume 81, Issue 6, Page(s) 717–727

    Abstract: Nutritional epidemiology seeks to understand nutritional determinants of disease in human populations using experimental and observational study designs. Though randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence of causality, the expense and ... ...

    Abstract Nutritional epidemiology seeks to understand nutritional determinants of disease in human populations using experimental and observational study designs. Though randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence of causality, the expense and difficulty of sustaining adherence to dietary interventions are substantial barriers to investigating dietary determinants of kidney disease. Therefore, nutritional epidemiology commonly employs observational study designs, particularly prospective cohort studies, to investigate long-term associations between dietary exposures and kidney disease. Due to the covarying nature and synergistic effects of dietary components, holistic characterizations of dietary exposures that simultaneously consider patterns of foods and nutrients regularly consumed are generally more relevant to disease etiology than single nutrients or foods. Dietary intakes have traditionally been self-reported and are subject to bias. Statistical methods including energy adjustment and regression calibration can reduce random and systematic measurement errors associated with self-reported diet. Novel approaches that assess diet more objectively are gaining popularity but have not yet fully replaced self-report and require refinement and validation in populations with chronic kidney disease. More accurate and frequent diet assessment in existing and future studies will yield evidence to better personalize dietary recommendations for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nutrition Assessment ; Prospective Studies ; Diet ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Observational Studies as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 604539-x
    ISSN 1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
    ISSN (online) 1523-6838
    ISSN 0272-6386
    DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.11.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1669: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 468: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: A Step Toward Disentangling the Complex Relationship Between Vitamin D and Kidney Function.

    Teumer, Alexander / Rebholz, Casey M

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 8, Page(s) e640–e641

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins ; Calcifediol ; Kidney/physiology
    Chemical Substances 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H) ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins ; Calcifediol (P6YZ13C99Q)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgad050
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  3. Article ; Online: A Deeper Dive Into Lipid Alterations in CKD.

    Hasson, Denise C / Rebholz, Casey M / Grams, Morgan E

    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

    2023  Volume 83, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diving ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Lipids
    Chemical Substances Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 604539-x
    ISSN 1523-6838 ; 0272-6386
    ISSN (online) 1523-6838
    ISSN 0272-6386
    DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.09.002
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  4. Article ; Online: Metabolomic Biomarkers of Healthy Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

    Kim, Hyunju / Rebholz, Casey M

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 26

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended for prevention of CVD. Recently, metabolomics has been used to identify biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns and elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-disease associations. This review ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended for prevention of CVD. Recently, metabolomics has been used to identify biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns and elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-disease associations. This review provides an overview of approaches to define healthy dietary patterns, discusses important issues related to using metabolomics to describe healthy dietary patterns, and summarizes studies identifying blood metabolites associated with hypothesis-driven healthy dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors and incident CVD.
    Recent findings: We identified 17 studies which reported on blood metabolomic signatures of 5 healthy dietary patterns (Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diet). Four of these studies evaluated associations between diet-related metabolites and cardiovascular outcomes. Many metabolites replicated across different healthy dietary patterns, which suggest that they may represent biomarkers of generally healthy diets. Unsaturated lipids positively associated with healthy dietary patterns were inversely associated with incident CVD, suggesting that they may be a pathway through which diet is associated with a lower risk of CVD. Although many metabolites replicated across cross-sectional studies, few metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers of healthy diets in feeding studies replicated in observational studies. Additionally, limited evidence exists on the ability of diet-related metabolites to predict cardiovascular outcomes. Replication of candidate biomarkers of dietary patterns in different study designs and more studies evaluating the associations between diet-related metabolites and cardiovascular outcomes are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Diet, Healthy ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
    ISSN (online) 1534-6242
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-021-00921-8
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    Zs.A 5534: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incident Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

    Sullivan, Valerie K / Kim, Hyunju / Caulfield, Laura E / Steffen, Lyn M / Selvin, Elizabeth / Rebholz, Casey M

    Diabetes care

    2024  Volume 47, Issue 5, Page(s) 803–809

    Abstract: Objective: Plant-based dietary patterns emphasize plant foods and minimize animal-derived foods. We investigated the association between plant-based dietary patterns and diabetes in a community-based U.S. sample of Black and White adults.: Research ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Plant-based dietary patterns emphasize plant foods and minimize animal-derived foods. We investigated the association between plant-based dietary patterns and diabetes in a community-based U.S. sample of Black and White adults.
    Research design and methods: We included middle-aged adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study without diabetes at baseline who completed a food-frequency questionnaire (n = 11,965). We scored plant-based diet adherence according to three indices: overall, healthy, and unhealthy plant-based diet indices. Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) scores represent greater intakes of all plant foods and lower intakes of animal-derived foods. Higher healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) scores represent greater healthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and unhealthy plant foods. Higher unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) scores represent greater unhealthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and healthy plant foods. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes (defined according to self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or elevated blood glucose) associated with each index.
    Results: Over a median follow-up of 22 years, we identified 4,208 cases of diabetes among subjects. Higher PDI scores were associated with a lower risk of diabetes (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.80, 0.98]; Ptrend = 0.01). hPDI scores were also inversely associated with diabetes risk (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77, 0.94]; Ptrend < 0.001). uPDI scores were not associated with diabetes risk.
    Conclusions: A dietary pattern that minimizes animal-derived foods and emphasizes plant foods may reduce diabetes risk.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Dietary Patterns ; Diet ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc23-2013
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    Zs.A 1434: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 365: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Application of Metabolomics to Renal and Cardiometabolic Diseases.

    Rebholz, Casey M / Rhee, Eugene P

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2020  Volume 2104, Page(s) 401–417

    Abstract: Metabolomics has been increasingly applied to study renal and related cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These studies span cross-sectional studies correlating metabolites with specific phenotypes, longitudinal ... ...

    Abstract Metabolomics has been increasingly applied to study renal and related cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These studies span cross-sectional studies correlating metabolites with specific phenotypes, longitudinal studies to identify metabolite predictors of future disease, and physiologic/interventional studies to probe underlying causal relationships. This chapter provides a description of how metabolomic profiling is being used in these contexts, with an emphasis on study design considerations as a practical guide for investigators who are new to this area. Research in kidney diseases is underlined to illustrate key principles. The chapter concludes by discussing the future potential of metabolomics in the study of renal and cardiometabolic diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Heart Diseases/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics/methods ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Research Design
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-0239-3_20
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  7. Article ; Online: Response to Letter to the Editor Entitled "The Missing Link Between Coffee Consumption and AKI - Water".

    Tommerdahl, Kalie L / Bjornstad, Petter / Rebholz, Casey M / Parikh, Chirag R

    Kidney international reports

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) 2549

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2468-0249
    ISSN (online) 2468-0249
    DOI 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.015
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  8. Article ; Online: Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension.

    Luo, Shengyuan / Surapaneni, Aditya / Rebholz, Casey M / Appel, Lawrence J / Coresh, Josef / Grams, Morgan E

    Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e003729

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/blood ; Black or African American ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Kidney Diseases/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2574-8300
    ISSN (online) 2574-8300
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCGEN.122.003729
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  9. Article ; Online: Can Dietary Patterns Modify Risk for CKD?

    Hu, Emily A / Rebholz, Casey M

    Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN

    2019  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 1419–1420

    MeSH term(s) Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2226665-3
    ISSN 1555-905X ; 1555-9041
    ISSN (online) 1555-905X
    ISSN 1555-9041
    DOI 10.2215/CJN.09440819
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    Zs.A 6584: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Higher Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Is Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Coronary Artery Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

    Du, Shutong / Kim, Hyunju / Rebholz, Casey M

    The Journal of nutrition

    2021  Volume 151, Issue 12, Page(s) 3746–3754

    Abstract: Background: Higher ultra-processed food intake has been linked with several cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, prospective evidence from US populations remains scarce.: Objectives: To test the hypothesis that higher intake of ultra- ...

    Abstract Background: Higher ultra-processed food intake has been linked with several cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, prospective evidence from US populations remains scarce.
    Objectives: To test the hypothesis that higher intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher risk of coronary artery disease.
    Methods: A total of 13,548 adults aged 45-65 y from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study were included in the analytic sample. Dietary intake data were collected through a 66-item FFQ. Ultra-processed foods were defined using the NOVA classification, and the level of intake (servings/d) was calculated for each participant and divided into quartiles. We used Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines to assess the association between quartiles of ultra-processed food intake and incident coronary artery disease.
    Results: There were 2006 incident coronary artery disease cases documented over a median follow-up of 27 y. Incidence rates were higher in the highest quartile of ultra-processed food intake (70.8 per 10,000 person-y; 95% CI: 65.1, 77.1) compared with the lowest quartile (59.3 per 10,000 person-y; 95% CI: 54.1, 65.0). Participants in the highest compared with lowest quartile of ultra-processed food intake had a 19% higher risk of coronary artery disease (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.35) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors. An approximately linear relation was observed between ultra-processed food intake and risk of coronary artery disease.
    Conclusions: Higher ultra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease among middle-aged US adults. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the mechanisms by which ultra-processed foods may affect health.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease/etiology ; Diet ; Fast Foods/adverse effects ; Food Handling ; Humans ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxab285
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