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Article ; Online: Dietary zinc inadequacy affects neurotrophic factors and proteostasis in the rat brain

Savitikadi, Pandarinath / Palika, Ravindranadh / Pullakhandam, Raghu / Reddy, G. Bhanuprakash / Reddy, S. Sreenivasa

Nutrition Research. 2023 Aug., v. 116 p.80-88

2023

Abstract: Zinc (Zn) deficiency has many adverse effects, including growth retardation, loss of appetite, vascular diseases, cognitive and memory impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that dietary Zn ... ...

Abstract	Zinc (Zn) deficiency has many adverse effects, including growth retardation, loss of appetite, vascular diseases, cognitive and memory impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that dietary Zn inadequacy affects neurotrophic factors and proteostasis in the brain. Three-week-old Wistar/Kyoto male rats were fed either a Zn-deficient diet (D; < 1 mg Zn/kg diet; n = 18) or pair-fed with the control diet (C; 48 mg Zn/kg diet; n = 9) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the rats in the D group were subdivided into two groups (n = 9), in which one group continued to receive a Zn-deficient diet, whereas the other received a Zn-supplemented diet (R; 48 mg Zn/kg diet) for 3 more weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed to collect their brain tissue. Markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with neurotrophic factors, were investigated by immunoblotting. Proteasomal activity was analyzed by the spectrofluorometric method. The results showed an altered ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy components and increased gliosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis markers in Zn-deficient rats compared with the control group. Zinc repletion for 3 weeks could partially restore these alterations, indicating a necessity for an extended duration of Zn supplementation. In conclusion, a decline in Zn concentrations below a critical threshold may trigger multiple pathways, leading to brain-cell apoptosis.
Keywords	anorexia ; apoptosis ; autophagy ; brain ; cognition ; diet ; endoplasmic reticulum stress ; growth retardation ; immunoblotting ; males ; memory disorders ; nutrition research ; rats ; repletion ; zinc ; Trace elements ; Micronutrients ; Neurodegeneration ; Deficiency ; Gliosis ; AD ; BDNF ; CHOP ; ER ; GFAP ; PBST ; PD ; PSD95 ; SDS ; SEM ; UCH ; UPS ; Zn
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Size	p. 80-88.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.002
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Article ; Online: Dietary zinc inadequacy affects neurotrophic factors and proteostasis in the rat brain.

Savitikadi, Pandarinath / Palika, Ravindranadh / Pullakhandam, Raghu / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash / Reddy, S Sreenivasa

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

2023 Volume 116, Page(s) 80–88

Abstract	Zinc (Zn) deficiency has many adverse effects, including growth retardation, loss of appetite, vascular diseases, cognitive and memory impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that dietary Zn inadequacy affects neurotrophic factors and proteostasis in the brain. Three-week-old Wistar/Kyoto male rats were fed either a Zn-deficient diet (D; < 1 mg Zn/kg diet; n = 18) or pair-fed with the control diet (C; 48 mg Zn/kg diet; n = 9) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the rats in the D group were subdivided into two groups (n = 9), in which one group continued to receive a Zn-deficient diet, whereas the other received a Zn-supplemented diet (R; 48 mg Zn/kg diet) for 3 more weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed to collect their brain tissue. Markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with neurotrophic factors, were investigated by immunoblotting. Proteasomal activity was analyzed by the spectrofluorometric method. The results showed an altered ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy components and increased gliosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis markers in Zn-deficient rats compared with the control group. Zinc repletion for 3 weeks could partially restore these alterations, indicating a necessity for an extended duration of Zn supplementation. In conclusion, a decline in Zn concentrations below a critical threshold may trigger multiple pathways, leading to brain-cell apoptosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Diet ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Proteostasis ; Rats, Wistar ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; Zinc/deficiency
Chemical Substances	Nerve Growth Factors ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1) ; Ubiquitins ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.002
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Article ; Online: Mitigation of lens opacification by a functional food in a diabetic rodent model.

Kalahasti, Krishna K / Kumar, Ch Uday / Nagaraju, Marka / Petrash, J Mark / Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash

Chemico-biological interactions

2024 Volume 390, Page(s) 110889

Abstract: The current study was designed to test a functional food (FF) mixture containing aldose reductase inhibitors and antiglycation bioactive compounds for suppressing the onset and progression of cataracts in a diabetic rat model. Two-month-old Sprague ... ...

Abstract	The current study was designed to test a functional food (FF) mixture containing aldose reductase inhibitors and antiglycation bioactive compounds for suppressing the onset and progression of cataracts in a diabetic rat model. Two-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as control (C), diabetes untreated (D), and diabetic rats treated with FF at two doses (FF1 = 1.35 g and FF2 = 6.25 g/100g of diet). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. The FF is a mixture of amla, turmeric, black pepper, cinnamon, ginger, and fenugreek added to the rodent diet. The status of cataracts was monitored weekly by a slit lamp examination for 20 weeks, after which animals were sacrificed to collect eye lenses. Feeding FF1 and FF2 to diabetic rats yielded a significant anti-hyperglycaemic effect and marginally prevented body weight loss. FF delayed cataract progression, and FF2 showed better efficacy than FF1. FF prevented the loss of lens crystallins and their insolubilization in diabetic rats. The antioxidant potential of FF was evident with the lowered protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation, and prevention of altered antioxidant enzyme activities induced by diabetes. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of plant-derived dietary supplements against the onset and progression of cataracts in a well-established rat model of diabetic eye disease.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Rodentia/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Functional Food ; Lens, Crystalline ; Cataract/drug therapy ; Cataract/prevention & control ; Aldehyde Reductase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Aldehyde Reductase (EC 1.1.1.21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110889
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Article ; Online: Age-related neuronal damage by advanced glycation end products through altered proteostasis.

Reddy Addi, Utkarsh / Jakhotia, Sneha / Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash

Chemico-biological interactions

2022 Volume 355, Page(s) 109840

Abstract: Aging is a main risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous theories and mechanisms including accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been put forward in explaining brain aging. However, a focused ... ...

Abstract	Aging is a main risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous theories and mechanisms including accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been put forward in explaining brain aging. However, a focused study on the status of AGEs in the brain during progressive aging in connection with interrelated cellular processes like ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), unfolded protein response, autophagy-lysosome system and apoptosis is lacking. In this study, we investigated the levels of AGEs in the brain of 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-months old WNIN rats. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, UPS components, autophagy flux, neurotrophic and presynaptic markers along with cell death markers were analyzed by immunoblotting. The neuronal architecture was analyzed by H&E and Nissl staining. The results demonstrated progressive accumulation of AGEs in the brain during aging. Adaptive ER stress response was observed by 10-months while maladaptive ER stress response was seen at 15- and 20-months of age along with impaired UPS and autophagy, and perturbations in neuronal growth factors. All these disturbances intensify with age to further exaggerate cell death mechanisms. There was a shrinkage of the cell size with aging and Congo-red staining revealed β-amyloid accumulation in higher ages. Together these results suggest that progressive accumulation of AGEs with aging in the brain may lead to neuronal damage by affecting ER homeostasis, UPS, autophagic flux, and neuronal growth factors.
MeSH term(s)	Aging ; Animals ; Autophagy-Related Protein 5/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/chemistry ; Lysine/analogs & derivatives ; Lysine/chemistry ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Proteostasis ; Pyruvaldehyde/chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Unfolded Protein Response ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Autophagy-Related Protein 5 ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; Ubiquitin ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; N(6)-carboxymethyllysine (70YDX3Z2O7) ; Pyruvaldehyde (722KLD7415) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109840
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Article: Alterations in Cardiac Tissue of a Natural Obese Rat Model: Implications for Obesity-Associated Cardiomyopathy

Kumar, Ch. Uday / Reddy, S. Sreenivasa / Reddy, G. Bhanuprakash

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences. 2022 Sept., v. 92, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Background and Objectives Cardiovascular diseases are the leading source of global deaths, and obesity is an independent risk factor. An obese mutant (WNIN/Ob) rat strain was identified and propagated at the animal facility of National Institute of ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objectives Cardiovascular diseases are the leading source of global deaths, and obesity is an independent risk factor. An obese mutant (WNIN/Ob) rat strain was identified and propagated at the animal facility of National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), India. In the current study, we have investigated alterations in WNIN/Ob rat heart in comparison with its lean littermates. Methods Six- and 12- month-old male WNIN/Ob rats along with their age-matched lean controls were overnight fasted to collect heart tissue. The sorbitol levels, aldose reductase activity, advanced glycation end products, and hydroxyproline of the cardiac tissue were measured by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Masson’s trichrome staining was done for studying fibrosis. The status of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers was analyzed by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. TUNEL assay was performed to know the extent of apoptosis. Results While the heart weight was significantly higher in 12-month-old obese rats, organ to body weight ratio was lower in both 6 and 12 months of age. Histology revealed enlarged interstitial space and perinuclear vacuoles and increased cardiomyocyte size in the 12-month-old obese rats. Further, we have observed an increase in aldose reductase activity, sorbitol levels, fibrosis, ER stress markers and apoptosis in the 12-month-old obese rats. Conclusion WNIN/Ob rat displayed the typical obesity-associated cardiac alterations like that of both genetic- and diet-induced animal models of obesity and thus may serve as a valuable animal model to investigate obesity-associated cardiac alterations.
Keywords	aldehyde reductase ; apoptosis ; cardiomyocytes ; cardiomyopathy ; endoplasmic reticulum stress ; fibrosis ; fluorescent antibody technique ; fluorometry ; glycation ; histology ; hydroxyproline ; males ; mutants ; nutrition ; obesity ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; rats ; risk factors ; sorbitol ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 523-532.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2707745-7
ISSN	2250-1746 ; 0369-8211
ISSN (online)	2250-1746
ISSN	0369-8211
DOI	10.1007/s40011-021-01305-3
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Article ; Online: Gut mycobiome dysbiosis in rats showing retinal changes indicative of diabetic retinopathy.

Padakandla, Shalem Raj / Das, Taraprasad / Sai Prashanthi, Gumpili / Angadi, Kiran Kumar / Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash / Shivaji, Sisinthy

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0267080

Abstract: The current study compared the gut mycobiomes of diabetic rats generated by a streptozotocin chemical challenge, diabetic rats with retinal changes and normal control rats over a period of 4 months. Sustained increase in blood sugar levels (>150 mg/dL) ... ...

Abstract	The current study compared the gut mycobiomes of diabetic rats generated by a streptozotocin chemical challenge, diabetic rats with retinal changes and normal control rats over a period of 4 months. Sustained increase in blood sugar levels (>150 mg/dL) confirmed the induction of diabetes. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to identify changes in the retinal tissues in the diabetic rats indicative of the animals progressing into diabetic retinopathy. Gut mycobiomes generated using faecal DNA, indicated dysbiosis at the genus level in both diabetic (DM) and diabetic rats with retinal changes (DRC) when compared with the control rats. In Tables 3-6 the specific genera that were significantly increased/decreased in DM1 and DM2 and in DRC1 and DRC2 respectively compared to the respective controls CT1-CT4 rats are listed. Further, the mycobiomes of the DM and DRC rats separated into distinct clusters following heat-map analysis of the discriminating genera. In addition, β-diversity analysis separated the mycobiomes of DM and DRC rats from that of the control rats, but the mycobiomes of diabetic rats and diabetic rats with retinal changes showed an overlap. Based on the inferred functions of the discriminating genera in the mycobiomes, we speculated that increase in pathogenic fungi might contribute to the inflammatory status both in diabetic rats and rats showing retinal changes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Rats
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0267080
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Article: Anti-inflammatory potential of turmeric, amla, and black pepper mixture against sepsis-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Nagaraju, M / Kalahasti, Krishna K / Reddy, K Prathap / Addi, Utkarsh R / Satyavani, M / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash / Reddy, S Sreenivasa

Journal of food science and technology

2022 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Acute lung injury (ALI), is a severe inflammatory lung disease. We tested the prophylactic effect of a functional food mix comprising three anti-inflammatory plant products: turmeric, amla, and black pepper (TAB) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ... ...

Abstract	Acute lung injury (ALI), is a severe inflammatory lung disease. We tested the prophylactic effect of a functional food mix comprising three anti-inflammatory plant products: turmeric, amla, and black pepper (TAB) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C), LPS (5 mg/kg), and LPS with TAB (TAB). After 6 h of LPS injection, the rats were sacrificed by cervical decapitation to collect the lung tissue. Results showed that TAB partially ameliorated LPS-induced increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6) and significantly prevented lung histopathological changes. TAB also suppressed LPS-activated ER stress markers (GRP78, pIRE1, and CHOP) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and - 12) in the lung. The anti-inflammatory effects of the TAB support its potential use as an adjuvant to mitigate ALI. Importantly, TAB's ingredients have been used for centuries as part of the diet with limited or no toxic effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242498-8
ISSN	0975-8402 ; 0022-1155
ISSN (online)	0975-8402
ISSN	0022-1155
DOI	10.1007/s13197-022-05610-1
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Article ; Online: Spatio-temporal control on the delivery of triamcinolone acetonide using polymeric nanoparticles reduces steroid induced cataract.

Srinivasarao, Dadi A / Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash / Katti, Dhirendra S

International journal of pharmaceutics

2019 Volume 568, Page(s) 118474

Abstract: Development of topically administered drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases have majorly focused on enhancing bioavailability of drugs in the ocular tissues. However, control of spatial distribution of topically administered drugs so ...

Abstract	Development of topically administered drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases have majorly focused on enhancing bioavailability of drugs in the ocular tissues. However, control of spatial distribution of topically administered drugs so as to restrict/avoid drug bioavailability at sensitive ocular tissues that are prone to drug induced adverse effects has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to reduce the bioavailability of topically administered corticosteroid, triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in lens via controlled spatial distribution in order to minimize TA induced posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). For this, a negatively charged polymeric core-shell nanoparticulate drug delivery system composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) core and pluronic® F-68 (PF68) shell was fabricated. For in vivo studies, coumarin-6 (COU) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated and studied for their biodistribution after topical administration in mice eyes and compared with free COU biodistribution. The administered COU loaded NPs differentially distributed in mice eyes and showed lower bioavailability in lens compared to free COU. Further, in vivo efficacy of the delivery system for its ability to minimize the rate of PSC progression was evaluated in diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that TA loaded PCL-PF68 NPs decreased PSC progression compared to free TA when administered topically.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Ophthalmic ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cataract/chemically induced ; Cataract/drug therapy ; Cataract/metabolism ; Cataract/pathology ; Coumarins/administration & dosage ; Coumarins/chemistry ; Coumarins/pharmacokinetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Liberation ; Eye/drug effects ; Eye/metabolism ; Eye/pathology ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Glucocorticoids/chemistry ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Poloxamer/administration & dosage ; Poloxamer/chemistry ; Polyesters/administration & dosage ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiazoles/administration & dosage ; Thiazoles/chemistry ; Thiazoles/pharmacokinetics ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/chemistry
Chemical Substances	CDH1 protein, rat ; Cadherins ; Coumarins ; Glucocorticoids ; Polyesters ; Thiazoles ; coumarin 6 ; Poloxamer (106392-12-5) ; polycaprolactone (24980-41-4) ; Triamcinolone Acetonide (F446C597KA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	428962-6
ISSN	1873-3476 ; 0378-5173
ISSN (online)	1873-3476
ISSN	0378-5173
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118474
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Article ; Online: 4-PBA prevents diabetic muscle atrophy in rats by modulating ER stress response and ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Shruthi, Karnam / Joy, Dorit / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash

Chemico-biological interactions

2019 Volume 306, Page(s) 70–77

Abstract: Purpose: Skeletal muscle is severely affected in diabetes leading to muscle atrophy. Previously we reported the role of ER stress in muscle atrophy due to hyperglycemia. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a classical ER stress ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Skeletal muscle is severely affected in diabetes leading to muscle atrophy. Previously we reported the role of ER stress in muscle atrophy due to hyperglycemia. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a classical ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), on muscle atrophy in diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male rats by streptozotocin, and PBA was administered (40 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal) after two months of diabetes for two more months. Gastrocnemius muscle is collected after four months of experimental period. The cross-sectional area of myocytes was measured on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained muscle sections. Protein levels of ER stress markers, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) components, and apoptosis were analysed by immunoblot. Proteasomal activity and apoptotic cells were measured. Results: ER stress markers (GRP78, ATF6, ATF4 and CHOP) that are elevated in diabetes are decreased with PBA treatment. PBA also averted diabetes-induced alterations in UPS (higher levels of E1, atrogin-1, UCHL1 and UCHL5, accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and increased proteasomal activity). Apoptosis mediators-p53, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, and TUNEL positive cells were decreased in PBA treated diabetic rats. PBA notably improved the muscle-cross sectional area. Conclusions: Results highlighted the therapeutic potential of PBA in diabetes muscle wastage.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy/chemically induced ; Muscular Atrophy/pathology ; Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control ; Phenylbutyrates/administration & dosage ; Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Phenylbutyrates ; Ubiquitin ; Streptozocin (5W494URQ81) ; 4-phenylbutyric acid (7WY7YBI87E) ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-10
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.009
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Article ; Online: Effect of vitamin B

Reddy, S Sreenivasa / Prabhakar, Y K / Kumar, Ch Uday / Reddy, P Yadagiri / Reddy, G Bhanuprakash

Molecular vision

2020 Volume 26, Page(s) 311–325

Abstract: Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes involving microvasculature and neuronal alterations in the retina. Previously, we reported that vitamin B: Methods: Diabetes was induced in 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats ...

Abstract	Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes involving microvasculature and neuronal alterations in the retina. Previously, we reported that vitamin B Methods: Diabetes was induced in 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats and maintained for 4 months. One group of diabetic rats were fed normal levels of vitamin B Results: Dietary supplementation of vitamin B Conclusions: Vitamin B
MeSH term(s)	Activating Transcription Factor 6/blood ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Caspase 12/blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/blood ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diet therapy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/blood ; Heat-Shock Proteins/blood ; Homocysteine/blood ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/blood ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhodopsin/blood ; Transcription Factor CHOP/blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood ; Vitamin B 12/administration & dosage ; Vitamin B 12/blood ; X-Box Binding Protein 1/blood
Chemical Substances	Activating Transcription Factor 6 ; Atf6 protein, rat ; Blood Glucose ; Ddit3 protein, rat ; GFAP protein, rat ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; X-Box Binding Protein 1 ; Xbp1 protein, rat ; Homocysteine (0LVT1QZ0BA) ; Transcription Factor CHOP (147336-12-7) ; Rhodopsin (9009-81-8) ; Caspase 12 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204) ; molecular chaperone GRP78 (YCYIS6GADR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017540-1
ISSN	1090-0535 ; 1090-0535
ISSN (online)	1090-0535
ISSN	1090-0535
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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Full text online

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito