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Article ; Online: Mitochondrial glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase abrogate p53 induced apoptosis in a yeast model: Possible implications for apoptosis resistance in cancer cells.

Redhu, Archana Kumari / Bhat, Jayadeva Paike

Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects

2019 Volume 1864, Issue 3, Page(s) 129504

Abstract: Background: Escape from apoptosis is an important hallmark of tumor progression and drug resistance in cancer cells. It is well demonstrated that over-expression of human wtp53 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces apoptosis by directly targeting the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Escape from apoptosis is an important hallmark of tumor progression and drug resistance in cancer cells. It is well demonstrated that over-expression of human wtp53 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces apoptosis by directly targeting the mitochondria. In this study, we showed that how S.cerevisiae escaped from p53 induced apoptosis in the presence of a fermentable carbon source (sucrose), but not on non-fermentable carbon source (glycerol). Methods: Mitochondrial fractions from yeast cultures grown in the presence of sucrose or glycerol with and without p53 expression were fractionated and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Differentially expressed proteins were studied and detailed biochemical analysis for selected proteins was performed.The effect of mitochondrial HXK-2 over-expression induced by p53 in sucrose grown cells on cell survival was evaluated using gene deletion/tagging, co-localisation and mitochondrial ROS detection. Results: We observe that mitochondria isolated from p53 over-expressing cells accumulate Pentose phosphate Pathway (PPP) enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) which led to enhanced mitochondrial NADPH production only when cells are cultured in sucrose but not glycerol. In contrast, mitochondria isolated from Δhxk2 p53 over-expressing cells grown in sucrose did not accumulate G6PDH and 6PGDH and resulted in defective growth. Conclusions: Enhanced association of HXK2 with the mitochondria with the concomitant accumulation of G6PDG and 6PGDH results in increased NADPH that scavenges ROS and provides resistance to apoptosis. General significance: Given the extensive similarity of aerobic glycolysis between humans and yeast, the phenomena described here could as well be responsible for the escape of apoptosis in cancer cells.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology ; Fermentation/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/pharmacology ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Hexokinase/genetics ; Hexokinase/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Sucrose/metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Phosphates ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; NADP (53-59-8) ; Sucrose (57-50-1) ; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43) ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) ; HXK2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.7.1.1) ; Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1872-8006 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1872-8006 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129504
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Article: Mitochondrial glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase abrogate p53 induced apoptosis in a yeast model: Possible implications for apoptosis resistance in cancer cells

Redhu, Archana Kumari / Bhat, Jayadeva Paike

Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2020 Mar., v. 1864, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Escape from apoptosis is an important hallmark of tumor progression and drug resistance in cancer cells. It is well demonstrated that over-expression of human wtp53 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces apoptosis by directly targeting the mitochondria. In ... ...

Abstract	Escape from apoptosis is an important hallmark of tumor progression and drug resistance in cancer cells. It is well demonstrated that over-expression of human wtp53 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces apoptosis by directly targeting the mitochondria. In this study, we showed that how S.cerevisiae escaped from p53 induced apoptosis in the presence of a fermentable carbon source (sucrose), but not on non-fermentable carbon source (glycerol).Mitochondrial fractions from yeast cultures grown in the presence of sucrose or glycerol with and without p53 expression were fractionated and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Differentially expressed proteins were studied and detailed biochemical analysis for selected proteins was performed.The effect of mitochondrial HXK-2 over-expression induced by p53 in sucrose grown cells on cell survival was evaluated using gene deletion/tagging, co-localisation and mitochondrial ROS detection.We observe that mitochondria isolated from p53 over-expressing cells accumulate Pentose phosphate Pathway (PPP) enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) which led to enhanced mitochondrial NADPH production only when cells are cultured in sucrose but not glycerol. In contrast, mitochondria isolated from Δhxk2 p53 over-expressing cells grown in sucrose did not accumulate G6PDH and 6PGDH and resulted in defective growth.Enhanced association of HXK2 with the mitochondria with the concomitant accumulation of G6PDG and 6PGDH results in increased NADPH that scavenges ROS and provides resistance to apoptosis.Given the extensive similarity of aerobic glycolysis between humans and yeast, the phenomena described here could as well be responsible for the escape of apoptosis in cancer cells.
Keywords	NADP (coenzyme) ; NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; apoptosis ; carbon ; cell viability ; drug resistance ; fractionation ; gene deletion ; gene expression regulation ; gene overexpression ; glucose 6-phosphate ; glycerol ; glycolysis ; humans ; liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; mitochondria ; models ; neoplasm cells ; neoplasm progression ; neoplasms ; pentose phosphate cycle ; phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; protein synthesis ; proteins ; sucrose ; yeasts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	840755-1
ISSN	0304-4165
ISSN	0304-4165
DOI	10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129504
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Article ; Online: Spontaneous Suppressors against Debilitating Transmembrane Mutants of

Sharma, Suman / Banerjee, Atanu / Moreno, Alexis / Redhu, Archana Kumari / Falson, Pierre / Prasad, Rajendra

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 8, Issue 5

Abstract: The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) drug:H+ antiporter CaMdr1, from Candida albicans, is responsible for the efflux of structurally diverse antifungals. MFS members share a common fold of 12−14 transmembrane helices (TMHs) forming two N- and C- ... ...

Abstract	The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) drug:H+ antiporter CaMdr1, from Candida albicans, is responsible for the efflux of structurally diverse antifungals. MFS members share a common fold of 12−14 transmembrane helices (TMHs) forming two N- and C-domains. Each domain is arranged in a pseudo-symmetric fold of two tandems of 3-TMHs that alternatively expose the drug-binding site towards the inside or the outside of the yeast to promote drug binding and release. MFS proteins show great diversity in primary structure and few conserved signature motifs, each thought to have a common function in the superfamily, although not yet clearly established. Here, we provide new information on these motifs by having screened a library of 64 drug transport-deficient mutants and their corresponding suppressors spontaneously addressing the deficiency. We found that five strains recovered the drug-resistance capacity by expressing CaMdr1 with a secondary mutation. The pairs of debilitating/rescuing residues are distributed either in the same TMH (T127ATMH1- > G140DTMH1) or 3-TMHs repeat (F216ATMH4- > G260ATMH5), at the hinge of 3-TMHs repeats tandems (R184ATMH3- > D235HTMH4, L480ATMH10- > A435TTMH9), and finally between the N- and C-domains (G230ATMH4- > P528HTMH12). Remarkably, most of these mutants belong to the different signature motifs, highlighting a mechanistic role and interplay thought to be conserved among MFS proteins. Results also point to the specific role of TMH11 in the interplay between the N- and C-domains in the inward- to outward-open conformational transition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2784229-0
ISSN	2309-608X ; 2309-608X
ISSN (online)	2309-608X
ISSN	2309-608X
DOI	10.3390/jof8050538
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Article: W1038 near D-loop of NBD2 is a focal point for inter-domain communication in multidrug transporter Cdr1 of Candida albicans.

Banerjee, Atanu / Shah, Abdul Haseeb / Redhu, Archana Kumari / Moreno, Alexis / Falson, Pierre / Prasad, Rajendra

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes

2018 Volume 1860, Issue 5, Page(s) 965–972

Abstract: Candida drug resistance 1 (Cdr1), a PDR subfamily ABC transporter mediates efflux of xenobiotics in Candida albicans. It is one of the prime factors contributing to multidrug resistance in the fungal pathogen. One hallmark of this transporter is its ... ...

Abstract	Candida drug resistance 1 (Cdr1), a PDR subfamily ABC transporter mediates efflux of xenobiotics in Candida albicans. It is one of the prime factors contributing to multidrug resistance in the fungal pathogen. One hallmark of this transporter is its asymmetric nature, characterized by peculiar alterations in its nucleotide binding domains. As a consequence, there exists only one canonical ATP-binding site while the other is atypical. Here, we report suppressor analysis on the drug-susceptible transmembrane domain mutant V532D that identified the suppressor mutation W1038S, close to the D-loop of the non-catalytic ATP-binding site. Introduction of the W1038S mutation in the background of V532D mutant conferred resistance for most of the substrates to the latter. Such restoration is accompanied by a severe reduction of ATPase activity, of about 85%, while that of the V532D mutant is half-reduced. Conversely, alanine substitution of the highly conserved aspartate D1033A in that D-loop rendered cells selectively hyper-susceptible to miconazole without an impact on steady-state ATPase activity, suggesting altogether that ATP hydrolysis may not hold the key to restoration mechanism. Analysis of the ABCG5/ABCG8-based 3D-model of Cdr1p suggested that the W1038S substitution leads to the loss of hydrophobic interactions and H-bond with residues of the neighbor NBD1, in the non-catalytic ATP-binding site area. The compensatory effect within TMDs accounting for transport restoration in the V532D-W1038S variant may, therefore, be mainly due to an increase in NBDs mobility at the non-catalytic interface.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Candida albicans/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary/genetics ; Tryptophan/chemistry ; Tryptophan/genetics ; Tryptophan/metabolism
Chemical Substances	CDR1 protein, Candida albicans ; Fungal Proteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Nucleotides ; Tryptophan (8DUH1N11BX) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0005-2736 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0005-2736 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.022
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Article ; Online: Fusobacterium nucleatum

Desai, Sanket / Dharavath, Bhasker / Manavalan, Sujith / Rane, Aishwarya / Redhu, Archana Kumari / Sunder, Roma / Butle, Ashwin / Mishra, Rohit / Joshi, Asim / Togar, Trupti / Apte, Shruti / Bala, Pratyusha / Chandrani, Pratik / Chopra, Supriya / Bashyam, Murali Dharan / Banerjee, Anirban / Prabhash, Kumar / Nair, Sudhir / Dutt, Amit

NAR cancer

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) zcac006

Abstract: Persistent pathogen infection is a known cause of malignancy, although with sparse systematic evaluation across tumor types. We present a comprehensive landscape of 1060 infectious pathogens across 239 whole exomes and 1168 transcriptomes of breast, lung, ...

Abstract	Persistent pathogen infection is a known cause of malignancy, although with sparse systematic evaluation across tumor types. We present a comprehensive landscape of 1060 infectious pathogens across 239 whole exomes and 1168 transcriptomes of breast, lung, gallbladder, cervical, colorectal, and head and neck tumors. We identify known cancer-associated pathogens consistent with the literature. In addition, we identify a significant prevalence of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2632-8674
ISSN (online)	2632-8674
DOI	10.1093/narcan/zcac006
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Article ; Online: pHluorin enables insights into the transport mechanism of antiporter Mdr1: R215 is critical for drug/H+ antiport.

Redhu, Archana Kumari / Khandelwal, Nitesh Kumar / Banerjee, Atanu / Moreno, Alexis / Falson, Pierre / Prasad, Rajendra

The Biochemical journal

2016 Volume 473, Issue 19, Page(s) 3127–3145

Abstract: Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily that contributes to MDR of Candida albicans This antiporter belongs to the drug/H(+) antiporter 1 family, pairing the downhill gradient of protons to drug extrusion. Hence, ... ...

Abstract	Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily that contributes to MDR of Candida albicans This antiporter belongs to the drug/H(+) antiporter 1 family, pairing the downhill gradient of protons to drug extrusion. Hence, drug efflux from cytosol to extracellular space and the parallel import of H(+) towards cytosol are inextricably linked processes. For monitoring the drug/H(+) antiporter activity of Mdr1p, we developed a new system, exploiting a GFP variant pHluorin, which changes its fluorescence properties with pH. This enabled us to measure the cytosolic pH correlated to drug efflux. Since protonation of charged residues is a key step in proton movement, we explored the role of all charged residues of the 12 transmembrane segments (TMSs) of Mdr1p in drug/H(+) transport by mutational analysis. This revealed that the conserved residue R(215), positioned close to the C-terminal end of TMS-4, is critical for drug/H(+) antiport, allowing protonation over a range of pH, in contrast with its H(215) or K(215) variants that failed to transport drugs at basic pH. Mutation of other residues of TMS-4 highlights the role of this TMS in drug transport, as confirmed by in silico modelling of Mdr1p and docking of drugs. The model points to the importance of R(215) in proton transport, suggesting that it may adopt two main conformations, one oriented towards the extracellular face and the other towards the centre of Mdr1p. Together, our results not only establish a new system for monitoring drug/H(+) transport, but also unveil a positively charged residue critical to Mdr1p function.
MeSH term(s)	ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1/genetics ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
Chemical Substances	ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; PHluorin ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2969-5
ISSN	1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
ISSN (online)	1470-8728
ISSN	0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
DOI	10.1042/BCJ20160407
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Article: A one-step, one-tube real-time RT-PCR based assay with an automated analysis for detection of SARS-CoV-2

Dharavath, Bhasker / Yadav, Neelima / Desai, Sanket / Sunder, Roma / Mishra, Rohit / Ketkar, Madhura / Bhanshe, Prasanna / Gupta, Anurodh / Redhu, Archana Kumari / Patkar, Nikhil / Dutt, Shilpee / Gupta, Sudeep / Dutt, Amit

Heliyon. 2020 July, v. 6, no. 7

2020

Abstract: Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is essential to control the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop a rapid and accurate one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time RT-PCR assay, along with a computational tool to systematically ...

Abstract	Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is essential to control the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop a rapid and accurate one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time RT-PCR assay, along with a computational tool to systematically analyse the data. Our assay could detect to a limit of 15 copies of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts—based on experiments performed by spiking total human RNA with in vitro synthesized viral transcripts. The assay was evaluated by performing 184 validations for the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid gene and human RNase P as an internal control reference gene with dilutions ranging from 1-100 ng for human RNA on a cohort of 26 clinical samples. 5 of 26 patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, while 21 tested negative, consistent with the standards. The accuracy of the assay was found to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific based on the 26 clinical samples that need to be further verified using a large number of clinical samples. In summary, we present a rapid, easy to implement real-time PCR based assay with automated analysis using a novel COVID qPCR Analyzer tool with graphical user interface (GUI) to analyze the raw qRT-PCR data in an unbiased manner at a cost of under $3 per reaction and turnaround time of less than 2h, to enable in-house SARS-CoV-2 testing across laboratories.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; automation ; early diagnosis ; genes ; humans ; nucleocapsid ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; ribonucleases ; user interface
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04405
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Article ; Online: Molecular Basis of Substrate Polyspecificity of the Candida albicans Mdr1p Multidrug/H

Redhu, Archana Kumari / Banerjee, Atanu / Shah, Abdul Haseeb / Moreno, Alexis / Rawal, Manpreet Kaur / Nair, Remya / Falson, Pierre / Prasad, Rajendra

Journal of molecular biology

2018 Volume 430, Issue 5, Page(s) 682–694

Abstract: The molecular basis of polyspecificity of Mdr1p, a major drug/ ... ...

Abstract	The molecular basis of polyspecificity of Mdr1p, a major drug/H
MeSH term(s)	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiporters/chemistry ; Antiporters/genetics ; Antiporters/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Candida albicans/chemistry ; Candida albicans/genetics ; Candida albicans/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins/chemistry ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Sequence Alignment ; Substrate Specificity
Chemical Substances	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ; Antiporters ; Fungal Proteins ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80229-3
ISSN	1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
ISSN (online)	1089-8638
ISSN	0022-2836
DOI	10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.005
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Article: Molecular Basis of Substrate Polyspecificity of the Candida albicans Mdr1p Multidrug/H+ Antiporter

Redhu, Archana Kumari / Atanu Banerjee / Abdul Haseeb Shah / Alexis Moreno / Manpreet Kaur Rawal / Remya Nair / Pierre Falson / Rajendra Prasad

Journal of molecular biology. 2018 Mar. 02, v. 430, no. 5

2018

Abstract: The molecular basis of polyspecificity of Mdr1p, a major drug/H+ antiporter of Candida albicans, is not elucidated. We have probed the nature of the drug-binding pocket by performing systematic mutagenesis of the 12 transmembrane segments. Replacement of ...

Abstract	The molecular basis of polyspecificity of Mdr1p, a major drug/H+ antiporter of Candida albicans, is not elucidated. We have probed the nature of the drug-binding pocket by performing systematic mutagenesis of the 12 transmembrane segments. Replacement of the 252 amino acid residues with alanine or glycine yielded 2/3 neutral mutations while 1/3 led to the complete or selective loss of resistance to drugs or substrates transported by the pump. Using the GlpT-based 3D–model of Mdr1p, we roughly categorized these critical residues depending on their type and localization, 1°/ main structural impact (“S” group), 2°/ exposure to the lipid interface (“L” group), 3°/ buried but not facing the main central pocket, inferred as critical for the overall H+/drug antiport mechanism (“M” group) and finally 4°/ buried and facing the main central pocket (“B” group). Among “B” category, 13 residues were essential for the large majority of drugs/substrates, while 5 residues were much substrate-specific, suggesting a role in governing polyspecificity (P group). 3D superposition of the substrate-specific MFS Glut1 and XylE with the MDR substrate-polyspecific MdfA and Mdr1p revealed that the B group forms a common substrate interaction core while the P group is only found in the 2 MDR MFS transporters, distributed into 3 areas around the B core. This specific pattern has let us to propose that the structural basis for polyspecificity of MDR MFS transporters is the extended capacity brought by residues located at the periphery of a binding core to accomodate compounds differing in size and type.
Keywords	Candida albicans ; alanine ; antiporters ; drugs ; lipids ; mutagenesis ; protons
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0302
Size	p. 682-694.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	80229-3
ISSN	1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
ISSN (online)	1089-8638
ISSN	0022-2836
DOI	10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.005
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Article: A one-step, one-tube real-time RT-PCR based assay with an automated analysis for detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Heliyon

2020 Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) e04405

Abstract	Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is essential to control the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop a rapid and accurate one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time RT-PCR assay, along with a computational tool to systematically analyse the data. Our assay could detect to a limit of 15 copies of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts-based on experiments performed by spiking total human RNA with
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04405
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