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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Computational psychiatry

Redish, A. David / Gordon, Joshua A.

new perspectives on mental illness

(Strüngmann Forum Reports)

2016

Author's details	edited by David A. Redish, Joshua A. Gordon editors
Series title	Strüngmann Forum Reports
Keywords	Mental Disorders ; Computational Biology ; Neurosciences / methods
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (xii, 408 Seiten)
Publisher	MIT Press
Publishing place	Cambridge, Mass
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
HBZ-ID	HT019210226
ISBN	9780262337854 ; 9780262035422 ; 0262337851 ; 0262035421
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Measuring excitation-inhibition balance through spectral components of local field potentials.

Diehl, Geoffrey W / Redish, A David

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: The balance between excitation and inhibition is critical to brain functioning, and dysregulation of this balance is a hallmark of numerous psychiatric conditions. Measuring this excitation-inhibition (E:I) ... ...

Abstract	The balance between excitation and inhibition is critical to brain functioning, and dysregulation of this balance is a hallmark of numerous psychiatric conditions. Measuring this excitation-inhibition (E:I) balance
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.24.577086
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Differential processing of decision information in subregions of rodent medial prefrontal cortex.

Diehl, Geoffrey W / Redish, A David

eLife

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Decision-making involves multiple cognitive processes requiring different aspects of information about the situation at hand. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been hypothesized to be central to these abilities. Functional studies have ... ...

Abstract	Decision-making involves multiple cognitive processes requiring different aspects of information about the situation at hand. The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been hypothesized to be central to these abilities. Functional studies have sought to link specific processes to specific anatomical subregions, but past studies of mPFC have yielded controversial results, leaving the precise nature of mPFC function unclear. To settle this debate, we recorded from the full dorso-ventral extent of mPFC in each of 8 rats, as they performed a complex economic decision task. These data revealed four distinct functional domains within mPFC that closely mirrored anatomically identified subregions, including novel evidence to divide prelimbic cortex into dorsal and ventral components. We found that dorsal aspects of mPFC (ACC, dPL) were more involved in processing information about active decisions, while ventral aspects (vPL, IL) were more engaged in motivational factors.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Rodentia ; Prefrontal Cortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.82833
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Article: Dorsal hippocampus represents locations to avoid as well as locations to approach during approach-avoidance conflict.

Calvin, Olivia L / Erickson, Matthew T / Walters, Cody J / Redish, A David

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Worrying about perceived threats is a hallmark of multiple psychological disorders including anxiety. This concern about future events is particularly important when an individual is faced with an approach-avoidance conflict. Potential goals to approach ... ...

Abstract	Worrying about perceived threats is a hallmark of multiple psychological disorders including anxiety. This concern about future events is particularly important when an individual is faced with an approach-avoidance conflict. Potential goals to approach are known to be represented in the dorsal hippocampus during theta sweeps. Similarly, important non-local information is represented during hippocampal high synchrony events (HSEs), which are correlated with sharp-wave ripples (SWRs). It is likely that potential future threats may be similarly represented. We examined how threats and rewards were represented within the hippocampus during approach-avoidance conflicts in rats faced with a predator-like robot guarding a food reward. We found representations of the pseudo-predator during HSEs when hesitating in the nest, and during theta prior to retreating as the rats approached the pseudo-predator. After the first attack, we observed new place fields appearing at the location of the robot (not the location the rat was when attacked). The anxiolytic diazepam reduced anxiety-like behavior and altered hippocampal local field potentials, including reducing SWRs, suggesting that one potential mechanism of diazepam's actions may be through altered representations of imagined threat. These results suggest that hippocampal representation of potential threats could be an important mechanism that underlies worry and a potential target for anxiolytics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.10.584295
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Article ; Online: Beyond replay: Introduction to the special issue on hippocampal replay.

Redish, A David

Hippocampus

2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–5

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Theta Rhythm/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23184
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Article ; Online: Optogenetic disruption of the prelimbic cortex alters long-term decision strategy but not valuation on a spatial delay discounting task.

McLaughlin, Amber E / Redish, A David

Neurobiology of learning and memory

2023 Volume 200, Page(s) 107734

Abstract: Rats demonstrate a preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones, a phenomenon known as delay-discounting (DD). Behavior arises from the interaction of multiple decision-making systems, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has ... ...

Abstract	Rats demonstrate a preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones, a phenomenon known as delay-discounting (DD). Behavior arises from the interaction of multiple decision-making systems, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been identified as a central component in the mediation between these decision systems. To investigate the role of the prelimbic (PL) subregion of mPFC on decision strategy interaction, we compared two cohorts of rats (ChR2-opsin-expressing 'Active' and opsin-absent 'Control') on a spatial delay-discounting task while delivering in-vivo light stimulation into PL at the choice point of select trials. By analyzing the overall delay-adjustment along with deliberative and procedural behavioral strategy markers, our study revealed differences in the decision strategies used between the active and control animals despite both groups showing similar valuations. Control animals developed the expected shift from deliberative to procedural decision strategy on this task (indicated by reaching delay-stability, particularly during late-session laps); however, active-virus animals repeatedly over-adjusted around their preferred delay throughout the entire session, suggesting a significant deficit in procedural decision-making on this task. Active animals showed a significant decrease in proportion of vicarious trial and error events (VTE, a behavior correlated with deliberative processes) on delay adjustment laps relative to control animals. This points to a more nuanced role for VTE, not just in executing deliberation, but in shifting from deliberative to procedural processes. This opto-induced change in VTE was especially pronounced for late-session adjustment laps. We found no other session-by-session or lap-by-lap effects, leaving a particular role for PL in the long-term development of procedural strategies on this task.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Delay Discounting/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Reward ; Cerebral Cortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1223366-3
ISSN	1095-9564 ; 1074-7427
ISSN (online)	1095-9564
ISSN	1074-7427
DOI	10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107734
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Book ; Online: A new model of trust based on neural information processing

Allen, Scott E. / Kizilcec, René F. / Redish, A. David

2024

Abstract: More than 30 years of research has firmly established the vital role of trust in human organizations and relationships, but the underlying mechanisms by which people build, lose, and rebuild trust remains incompletely understood. We propose a mechanistic ...

Abstract	More than 30 years of research has firmly established the vital role of trust in human organizations and relationships, but the underlying mechanisms by which people build, lose, and rebuild trust remains incompletely understood. We propose a mechanistic model of trust that is grounded in the modern neuroscience of decision making. Since trust requires anticipating the future actions of others, any mechanistic model must be built upon up-to-date theories on how the brain learns, represents, and processes information about the future within its decision-making systems. Contemporary neuroscience has revealed that decision making arises from multiple parallel systems that perform distinct, complementary information processing. Each system represents information in different forms, and therefore learns via different mechanisms. When an act of trust is reciprocated or violated, this provides new information that can be used to anticipate future actions. The taxonomy of neural information representations that is the basis for the system boundaries between neural decision-making systems provides a taxonomy for categorizing different forms of trust and generating mechanistic predictions about how these forms of trust are learned and manifested in human behavior. Three key predictions arising from our model are (1) strategic risk-taking can reveal how to best proceed in a relationship, (2) human organizations and environments can be intentionally designed to encourage trust among their members, and (3) violations of trust need not always degrade trust, but can also provide opportunities to build trust.
Keywords	Economics - General Economics ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ; Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Subject code	650
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global disruption in excitation-inhibition balance can cause localized network dysfunction and Schizophrenia-like context-integration deficits.

Calvin, Olivia L / Redish, A David

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e1008985

Abstract: Poor context integration, the process of incorporating both previous and current information in decision making, is a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia. The maintenance of the contextual information has been shown to be sensitive to changes in ... ...

Abstract	Poor context integration, the process of incorporating both previous and current information in decision making, is a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia. The maintenance of the contextual information has been shown to be sensitive to changes in excitation-inhibition (EI) balance. Many regions of the brain are sensitive to EI imbalances, however, so it is unknown how systemic manipulations affect the specific regions that are important to context integration. We constructed a multi-structure, biophysically-realistic agent that could perform context-integration as is assessed by the dot pattern expectancy task. The agent included a perceptual network, a memory network, and a decision making system and was capable of successfully performing the dot pattern expectancy task. Systemic manipulation of the agent's EI balance produced localized dysfunction of the memory structure, which resulted in schizophrenia-like deficits at context integration. When the agent's pyramidal cells were less excitatory, the agent fixated upon the cue and initiated responding later than the default agent, which were like the deficits one would predict that individuals on the autistic spectrum would make. This modelling suggests that it may be possible to parse between different types of context integration deficits by adding distractors to context integration tasks and by closely examining a participant's reaction times.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiology ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Reaction Time ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Schizophrenic Psychology
Chemical Substances	Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008985
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Article ; Online: Disrupting the medial prefrontal cortex with designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug alters hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and their associated cognitive processes.

Schmidt, Brandy / Redish, A David

Hippocampus

2021 Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 1051–1067

Abstract: The hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) interact during a myriad of cognitive processes including decision-making and long-term memory consolidation. Exactly how the mPFC and hippocampus interact during goal-directed decision-making remains ... ...

Abstract	The hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) interact during a myriad of cognitive processes including decision-making and long-term memory consolidation. Exactly how the mPFC and hippocampus interact during goal-directed decision-making remains to be fully elucidated. During periods of rest, bursts of high-frequency oscillations, termed sharp-wave ripple (SWR), appear in the local field potential. Impairing SWRs on the maze or during post-learning rest can interfere with memory-guided decision-making and memory consolidation. We hypothesize that the hippocampus and mPFC bidirectionally interact during SWRs to support memory consolidation and decision-making. Rats were trained on the neuroeconomic spatial decision-making task, Restaurant Row, to make serial stay-skip decisions where the amount of effort (delay to reward) varied upon entry to each restaurant. Hippocampal cells and SWRs were recorded in rats with the mPFC transduced with inhibitory DREADDs. We found that disrupting the mPFC impaired consolidating SWRs in the hippocampus. Hippocampal SWR rates depended on the internalized value of the reward (derived from individual flavor preferences), a parameter important in decision-making, and disrupting the mPFC changed this relationship. Additionally, we found a dissociation between SWRs that occurred while rats were on the maze dependent upon whether those SWRs occurred while the rat was anticipating food reward or during post-reward consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cognition ; Designer Drugs/pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; Memory Consolidation ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Designer Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23367
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Article ; Online: Clarifying Cognitive Control Deficits in Psychosis via Drift Diffusion Modeling and Attractor Dynamics.

Shen, Chen / Calvin, Olivia L / Rawls, Eric / Redish, A David / Sponheim, Scott R

Schizophrenia bulletin

2024

Abstract: Background and hypothesis: Cognitive control deficits are prominent in individuals with psychotic psychopathology. Studies providing evidence for deficits in proactive control generally examine average performance and not variation across trials for ... ...

Abstract	Background and hypothesis: Cognitive control deficits are prominent in individuals with psychotic psychopathology. Studies providing evidence for deficits in proactive control generally examine average performance and not variation across trials for individuals-potentially obscuring detection of essential contributors to cognitive control. Here, we leverage intertrial variability through drift-diffusion models (DDMs) aiming to identify key contributors to cognitive control deficits in psychosis. Study design: People with psychosis (PwP; N = 122), their first-degree biological relatives (N = 78), and controls (N = 50) each completed 120 trials of the dot pattern expectancy (DPX) cognitive control task. We fit full hierarchical DDMs to response and reaction time (RT) data for individual trials and then used classification models to compare the DDM parameters with conventional measures of proactive and reactive control. Study results: PwP demonstrated slower drift rates on proactive control trials suggesting less efficient use of cue information. Both PwP and relatives showed protracted nondecision times to infrequent trial sequences suggesting slowed perceptual processing. Classification analyses indicated that DDM parameters differentiated between the groups better than conventional measures and identified drift rates during proactive control, nondecision time during reactive control, and cue bias as most important. DDM parameters were associated with real-world functioning and schizotypal traits. Conclusions: Modeling of trial-level data revealed that slow evidence accumulation and longer preparatory periods are the strongest contributors to cognitive control deficits in psychotic psychopathology. This pattern of atypical responding during the DPX is consistent with shallow basins in attractor dynamic models that reflect difficulties in maintaining state representations, possibly mediated by excess neural excitation or poor connectivity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbae014
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