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  1. Article ; Online: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Echinoderms

    Hardik Ghelani / Md Khursheed / Thomas Edward Adrian / Reem Kais Jan

    Marine Drugs, Vol 20, Iss 693, p

    2022  Volume 693

    Abstract: Chronic inflammation can extensively burden a healthcare system. Several synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are currently available in clinical practice, but each has its own side effect profile. The planet is gifted with vast and diverse oceans, which ... ...

    Abstract Chronic inflammation can extensively burden a healthcare system. Several synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are currently available in clinical practice, but each has its own side effect profile. The planet is gifted with vast and diverse oceans, which provide a treasure of bioactive compounds, the chemical structures of which may provide valuable pharmaceutical agents. Marine organisms contain a variety of bioactive compounds, some of which have anti-inflammatory activity and have received considerable attention from the scientific community for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. This review describes such bioactive compounds, as well as crude extracts (published during 2010–2022) from echinoderms: namely, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and starfish. Moreover, we also include their chemical structures, evaluation models, and anti-inflammatory activities, including the molecular mechanism(s) of these compounds. This paper also highlights the potential applications of those marine-derived compounds in the pharmaceutical industry to develop leads for the clinical pipeline. In conclusion, this review can serve as a well-documented reference for the research progress on the development of potential anti-inflammatory drugs from echinoderms against various chronic inflammatory conditions.
    Keywords anti-inflammatory activity ; inflammatory pathways ; marine drugs ; echinoderm ; sea cucumber ; sea urchin ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Identification of Specific Biomarkers and Pathways in the Treatment Response of Infliximab for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    Rachid Kaddoura / Hardik Ghelani / Fatma Alqutami / Hala Altaher / Mahmood Hachim / Reem Kais Jan

    Life, Vol 13, Iss 680, p

    In-Silico Analysis

    2023  Volume 680

    Abstract: Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In biological therapy, infliximab became the first anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent approved for IBD. Despite this success, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In biological therapy, infliximab became the first anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent approved for IBD. Despite this success, infliximab is expensive, often ineffective, and associated with adverse events. Prediction of infliximab resistance would improve overall potential outcomes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to widen the scope of investigating the role of genetics in IBD to their association with therapy response. Methods: In the current study, an in-silico analysis of publicly available IBD patient transcriptomics datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) are used to identify subsets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and may serve as potential biomarkers for Infliximab response. Five datasets were found that met the inclusion criteria. The DEGs for datasets were identified using limma R packages through the GEOR2 tool. The probes’ annotated genes in each dataset intersected with DGEs from all other datasets. Enriched gene Ontology Clustering for the identified genes was performed using Metascape to explore the possible connections or interactions between the genes. Results: 174 DEGs between IBD and healthy controls were found from analyzing two datasets (GSE14580 and GSE73661), indicating a possible role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Of the 174 DEGs, five genes (SELE, TREM1, AQP9, FPR2, and HCAR3) were shared between all five datasets. Moreover, these five genes were identified as downregulated in the infliximab responder group compared to the non-responder group. Conclusions: We hypothesize that alteration in the expression of these genes leads to an impaired response to infliximab in IBD patients. Thus, these genes can serve as potential biomarkers for the early detection of compromised infliximab response in IBD patients.
    Keywords inflammatory bowel disease ; in-silico ; transcriptomics ; differentially expressed gene analysis ; infliximab treatment response ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Study protocol for a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Frondanol in adults with inflammatory bowel disease

    Hardik Ghelani / Thomas Edward Adrian / Samuel B. Ho / Jamil Akhras / Aida J. Azar / Reem Kais Jan

    Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 101046- (2023)

    1480  

    Abstract: Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a debilitating condition with a rising incidence globally over recent years. Frondanol, a widely available nutraceutical extract of the edible sea ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a debilitating condition with a rising incidence globally over recent years. Frondanol, a widely available nutraceutical extract of the edible sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects, likely mediated by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase pathways, whilst showing no signs of toxicity. The potent anti-inflammatory effects of Frondanol in a mouse model of IBD provide encouragement for investigating its effects in human IBD patients. Here we describe the study protocol of a pilot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of Frondanol in patients with mild to moderate IBD who are on standard therapy. Material and methods: One hundred patients will be randomized (1:1) to receive Frondanol or placebo as an adjunct to their standard therapy for the period of six months. Blood and stool samples will be obtained during routine visits at baseline, and after three months and six months of treatment, and tissue samples from colon biopsies will be obtained during clinically indicated colonoscopies at baseline and after six months of treatment. The levels of inflammatory markers will be compared in serum and tissue samples between patients treated with Frondanol and those treated with placebo, and findings will be correlated with clinical and histological parameters. Discussion: If proven beneficial, treatment with Frondanol may increase the likelihood of patients remaining in remission and potentially provide an effective, natural and safe addition/alternative for treatment-naive patients in the future.(Clinical trial registration number: NCT05194007).
    Keywords Frondanol ; Sea cucumber ; Inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerative colitis ; Randomized controlled clinical trial ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Early alterations of large-scale brain networks temporal dynamics in young children with autism

    Aurélie Bochet / Holger Franz Sperdin / Tonia Anahi Rihs / Nada Kojovic / Martina Franchini / Reem Kais Jan / Christoph Martin Michel / Marie Schaer

    Communications Biology, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: To assess the association between Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the potential disruption of large-scale brain networks, Bochet, Sperdin et al investigated spatiotemporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks in 113 toddlers and preschoolers (66 ...

    Abstract To assess the association between Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the potential disruption of large-scale brain networks, Bochet, Sperdin et al investigated spatiotemporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks in 113 toddlers and preschoolers (66 with ASD) using an EEG microstate approach. They found differences in the dynamic syntax between several maps in toddlers and pre-schoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The effects of methylphenidate on cognitive control in active methamphetamine dependence using functional magnetic resonance imaging

    ReemKaisJan / DonaldGMcLaren / IanJKirk / RobRKydd

    Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol

    2014  Volume 5

    Abstract: Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is associated with cognitive deficits. Methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to improve inhibitory control in healthy and cocaine-dependent subjects. This study aimed to understand the neurophysiological effects before and ... ...

    Abstract Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is associated with cognitive deficits. Methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to improve inhibitory control in healthy and cocaine-dependent subjects. This study aimed to understand the neurophysiological effects before and after acute MPH administration in active MA-dependent and control subjects. Fifteen MA-dependent and 18 control subjects aged 18-46 years were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after either a single oral dose of MPH (18mg) or placebo while performing a colour-word Stroop task. Baseline accuracy was lower (p=0.026) and response time (RT) was longer (p< 0.0001) for the incongruent compared to congruent condition, demonstrating the task probed cognitive control. Increased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex during the incongruent and Stroop effect conditions, respectively was observed in MA-dependent compared to control subjects (p< 0.05), suggesting the need to recruit neural resources within these regions for conflict resolution. Post- compared to pre-MPH treatment, increased RT and DLPFC activation for the Stroop effect were observed in MA-dependent subjects (p< 0.05). In comparison to MPH-treated controls and placebo-treated MA-dependent subjects, MPH-treated MA-dependent subjects showed decreased activation of parietal and occipital regions during the incongruent and Stroop effect conditions (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that in MA-dependent subjects, MPH facilitated increased recruitment of the DLPFC for Stroop conflict resolution, and a decreased need for recruitment of neural resources in parietal and occipital regions compared to the other groups, while maintaining a comparable level of task performance to that achieved pre-drug administration. Due to the small sample size, the results from this study are preliminary; however, they inform us about the effects of MPH on the neural correlates of cognitive control in active MA-dependent subjects
    Keywords Methamphetamine ; Methylphenidate ; cognitive control ; fMRI ; functional magnetic resonance imaging ; BOLD ; Drug dependence ; Stroop ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism

    Holger Franz Sperdin / Ana Coito / Nada Kojovic / Tonia Anahi Rihs / Reem Kais Jan / Martina Franchini / Gijs Plomp / Serge Vulliemoz / Stephan Eliez / Christoph Martin Michel / Marie Schaer

    eLife, Vol

    2018  Volume 7

    Abstract: Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. We recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers with ASD and ... ...

    Abstract Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. We recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers with ASD and their typically developing peers while they explored dynamic social scenes. Directed functional connectivity analyses based on electrical source imaging revealed frequency specific network atypicalities in the theta and alpha frequency bands, manifesting as alterations in both the driving and the connections from key nodes of the social brain associated with autism. Analyses of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that compensatory mechanisms from dorsomedial frontal, inferior temporal and insular cortical regions were associated with less atypical gaze patterns and lower clinical impairment. Our results provide strong evidence that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks is a core component of atypical brain development at early stages of ASD.
    Keywords EEG ; ASD ; Granger causality ; social brain ; directed connectivity ; toddlers ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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