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  1. Article ; Online: Modulation of H-NS transcriptional silencing by magnesium.

    Will, W Ryan / Whitham, Patrick J / Reid, Philip J / Fang, Ferric C

    Nucleic acids research

    2018  Volume 46, Issue 11, Page(s) 5717–5725

    Abstract: The bacterial histone-like protein H-NS silences AT-rich DNA, binding DNA as 'stiffened' filaments or 'bridged' intrastrand loops. The switch between these modes has been suggested to depend on the concentration of divalent cations, in particular Mg2+, ... ...

    Abstract The bacterial histone-like protein H-NS silences AT-rich DNA, binding DNA as 'stiffened' filaments or 'bridged' intrastrand loops. The switch between these modes has been suggested to depend on the concentration of divalent cations, in particular Mg2+, with elevated Mg2+ concentrations associated with a transition to bridging. Here we demonstrate that the observed binding mode is a function of the local concentration of H-NS and its cognate binding sites, as well as the affinity of the interactions between them. Mg2+ does not control a binary switch between these two modes but rather modulates the affinity of this interaction, inhibiting the DNA-binding and silencing activity of H-NS in a continuous linear fashion. The direct relationship between conditions that favor stiffening and transcriptional silencing activity suggests that although both modes can occur in the cell, stiffening is the predominant mode of binding at silenced genes.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; DNA/chemistry ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Magnesium ; Protein Binding ; Transcription, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; H-NS protein, bacteria ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gky387
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Time-resolved infrared absorption studies of the solvent-dependent photochemistry of ClNO.

    Patterson, Joshua D / Reid, Philip J

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2012  Volume 116, Issue 35, Page(s) 10437–10443

    Abstract: The photochemistry of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy. Following 266 nm photolysis, the photochemistry is measured by following changes in optical density at ... ...

    Abstract The photochemistry of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy. Following 266 nm photolysis, the photochemistry is measured by following changes in optical density at frequencies spanning the N═O stretch fundamental transition. A photoinduced depletion in optical density is observed consistent with the depletion of ground-state ClNO. The depletion in optical density remains constant out to ∼50 ps demonstrating that ClNO photodissociation is not followed by recombination of the Cl and NO photofragments. In addition, no evidence for the formation of the ClON photoisomer is observed. These results stand in contrast to previous studies in acetonitrile where ClNO photolysis is followed by geminate recombination of Cl and NO, and by the production of ClON. These differences in ClNO photochemistry are proposed to arise from the population of different excited-states caused by solvent dependence of the ground-state potential energy surface minimum along the Cl-N stretch coordinate. Solvent-dependent vibrational relaxation and differences in strength of the solvent cage are also proposed to contribute to the solvent-dependent photochemistry. Finally, these results are placed in the context of recent models of ClNO photochemistry and role of this compound in tropospheric ozone production.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/jp211697r
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Imaging the effects of annealing on the polymorphic phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride).

    Hess, Chelsea M / Rudolph, Angela R / Reid, Philip J

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2015  Volume 119, Issue 10, Page(s) 4127–4132

    Abstract: The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure ... ...

    Abstract The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure the spatial distribution of the local dielectric constant (ε) in ∼30 μm thick PVDF films before and after annealing at 90 °C. The results presented here demonstrate that nonannealed films exhibit much larger ε distributions, both in terms of magnitude and distribution, when compared to annealed films. The polymorphic phase of PVDF before and after annealing is also confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Nonannealed films are found to be in the γ-phase with annealing promoting the transition to primarily β-phase. Combining these results, we conclude that the decrease in ε with annealing time is due to the phase transformation from γ- to β-phase. Using quasi-SM imaging techniques one can readily visualize the ε environments present within different polymorphic phases of PVDF.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/jp512486n
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Dielectric dependence of single-molecule photoluminescence intermittency: nile red in poly(vinylidene fluoride).

    Hess, Chelsea M / Riley, Erin A / Reid, Philip J

    The journal of physical chemistry. B

    2014  Volume 118, Issue 29, Page(s) 8905–8913

    Abstract: The dependence of single-molecule photoluminescence intermittency (PI) or "blinking" on the local dielectric constant (ε) is examined for nile red (NR) in thin films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In previous studies, variation of the local ... ...

    Abstract The dependence of single-molecule photoluminescence intermittency (PI) or "blinking" on the local dielectric constant (ε) is examined for nile red (NR) in thin films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In previous studies, variation of the local dielectric constant was accomplished by studying luminophores in chemically and structurally different hosts. In contrast, the NR/PVDF guest-host pair allows for the investigation of PI as a function of ε while keeping the chemical composition of both the luminophore and host unchanged. The solvatochromic properties of NR are used to measure the local ε, while fluctuations in NR emission intensity over time provide a measure of the PI. PVDF is an ideal host for this study because it provides submicron-sized dielectric domains that vary from nonpolar (ε ≈ 2) to very polar (ε ≈ 70). The results presented here demonstrate that the local dielectric environment can have a pronounced effect on PI. We find that the NR emissive events increase 5-fold with an increase in ε from 2.2 to 74. A complex dependence on ε is also observed for NR nonemissive event durations, initially increasing as ε increases from 2.2 to 3.4 but decreasing in duration with further increase in ε. The variation in emissive event durations with ε is reproduced using a photoinduced electron-transfer model involving electron transfer from NR to PVDF. In addition, an increase in NR photostability with an increase in ε is observed, suggesting that the dielectric environment plays an important role in defining the photostability of NR in PVDF.
    MeSH term(s) Electric Impedance ; Luminescent Measurements ; Oxazines/chemistry ; Polyvinyls/chemistry ; Thermodynamics
    Chemical Substances Oxazines ; Polyvinyls ; polyvinylidene fluoride (24937-79-9) ; nile red (P476F1L81G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1520-5207
    ISSN (online) 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021/jp505874m
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book: Physical chemistry

    Engel, Thomas / Reid, Philip J

    2010  

    Author's details Thomas Engel, Philip Reid
    Keywords Chemistry, Physical and theoretical ; Physikalische Chemie
    Language English
    Size XVIII, 1067 S, Ill., graph. Darst
    Edition 2. ed
    Publisher Prentice Hall
    Publishing place Boston u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    ISBN 0321615050 ; 0321643054 ; 9780321615053 ; 9780321643056
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  6. Article ; Online: Photoluminescence Blinking and Reversible Electron Trapping in Copper-Doped CdSe Nanocrystals.

    Whitham, Patrick J / Knowles, Kathryn E / Reid, Philip J / Gamelin, Daniel R

    Nano letters

    2015  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 4045–4051

    Abstract: Single-particle photoluminescence blinking is observed in the copper-centered deep-trap luminescence of copper-doped CdSe (Cu(+):CdSe) nanocrystals. Blinking dynamics for Cu(+):CdSe and undoped CdSe nanocrystals are analyzed to identify the effect of Cu(+ ...

    Abstract Single-particle photoluminescence blinking is observed in the copper-centered deep-trap luminescence of copper-doped CdSe (Cu(+):CdSe) nanocrystals. Blinking dynamics for Cu(+):CdSe and undoped CdSe nanocrystals are analyzed to identify the effect of Cu(+), which selectively traps photogenerated holes. Analysis of the blinking data reveals that the Cu(+):CdSe and CdSe nanocrystal "off"-state dynamics are statistically identical, but the Cu(+):CdSe nanocrystal "on" state is shorter lived. Additionally, a new and pronounced temperature-dependent delayed luminescence is observed in the Cu(+):CdSe nanocrystals that persists long beyond the radiative lifetime of the luminescent excited state. This delayed luminescence is analogous to the well-known donor-acceptor pair luminescence of bulk copper-doped phosphors and is interpreted as revealing metastable charge-separated excited states formed by reversible electron trapping at the nanocrystal surfaces. A mechanistic link between this delayed luminescence and the luminescence blinking is proposed. Collectively, these data suggest that electron (rather than hole) trapping/detrapping is responsible for photoluminescence intermittency in these nanocrystals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book: Thermodynamics, statistical thermodynamics, & kinetics

    Engel, Thomas / Reid, Philip J

    2009  

    Author's details Thomas Engel; Philip Reid
    Keywords Statistical thermodynamics ; Thermodynamics
    Language English
    Size XV, 602 S, Ill., graph. Darst
    Edition 2. ed., internat. ed.
    Publisher Prentice Hall
    Publishing place Boston u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    ISBN 0321615034 ; 0321643119 ; 9780321643117 ; 9780321615039
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  8. Article: Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Photochemistry of ClNO

    Patterson, Joshua D / Reid Philip J

    Journal of physical chemistry. 2012 Sept. 06, v. 116, no. 35

    2012  

    Abstract: The photochemistry of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy. Following 266 nm photolysis, the photochemistry is measured by following changes in optical density at ... ...

    Abstract The photochemistry of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy. Following 266 nm photolysis, the photochemistry is measured by following changes in optical density at frequencies spanning the NO stretch fundamental transition. A photoinduced depletion in optical density is observed consistent with the depletion of ground-state ClNO. The depletion in optical density remains constant out to ∼50 ps demonstrating that ClNO photodissociation is not followed by recombination of the Cl and NO photofragments. In addition, no evidence for the formation of the ClON photoisomer is observed. These results stand in contrast to previous studies in acetonitrile where ClNO photolysis is followed by geminate recombination of Cl and NO, and by the production of ClON. These differences in ClNO photochemistry are proposed to arise from the population of different excited-states caused by solvent dependence of the ground-state potential energy surface minimum along the Cl–N stretch coordinate. Solvent-dependent vibrational relaxation and differences in strength of the solvent cage are also proposed to contribute to the solvent-dependent photochemistry. Finally, these results are placed in the context of recent models of ClNO photochemistry and role of this compound in tropospheric ozone production.
    Keywords absorbance ; absorption ; acetonitrile ; chlorides ; cyclohexanes ; energy ; models ; nitric oxide ; ozone ; photolysis ; solvents ; spectroscopy ; troposphere
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-0906
    Size p. 10437-10443.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021%2Fjp211697r
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Photoluminescence intermittency from single quantum dots to organic molecules: emerging themes.

    Riley, Erin A / Hess, Chelsea M / Reid, Philip J

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2012  Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) 12487–12518

    Abstract: Recent experimental and theoretical studies of photoluminescence intermittency (PI) or "blinking" exhibited by single core/shell quantum dots and single organic luminophores are reviewed. For quantum dots, a discussion of early models describing the ... ...

    Abstract Recent experimental and theoretical studies of photoluminescence intermittency (PI) or "blinking" exhibited by single core/shell quantum dots and single organic luminophores are reviewed. For quantum dots, a discussion of early models describing the origin of PI in these materials and recent challenges to these models are presented. For organic luminophores the role of electron transfer, proton transfer and other photophysical processes in PI are discussed. Finally, new experimental and data analysis methods are outlined that promise to be instrumental in future discoveries regarding the origin(s) of PI exhibited by single emitters.
    MeSH term(s) Electron Transport ; Luminescent Measurements ; Organic Chemicals/chemistry ; Quantum Dots/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Organic Chemicals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms131012487
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Imaging the Effects of Annealing on the Polymorphic Phases of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

    Hess, Chelsea M / Rudolph Angela R / Reid Philip J

    Journal of physical chemistry. 2015 Mar. 12, v. 119, no. 10

    2015  

    Abstract: The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure ... ...

    Abstract The effect of annealing on the phase transformation and the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is explored using quasi-single molecule (quasi-SM) microscopy. The solvatochromic properties of nile red (NR) are employed to measure the spatial distribution of the local dielectric constant (ε) in ∼30 μm thick PVDF films before and after annealing at 90 °C. The results presented here demonstrate that nonannealed films exhibit much larger ε distributions, both in terms of magnitude and distribution, when compared to annealed films. The polymorphic phase of PVDF before and after annealing is also confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Nonannealed films are found to be in the γ-phase with annealing promoting the transition to primarily β-phase. Combining these results, we conclude that the decrease in ε with annealing time is due to the phase transformation from γ- to β-phase. Using quasi-SM imaging techniques one can readily visualize the ε environments present within different polymorphic phases of PVDF.
    Keywords X-ray diffraction ; annealing ; dielectric properties ; image analysis ; microscopy ; phase transition ; thermoplastics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0312
    Size p. 4127-4132.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5207
    DOI 10.1021%2Fjp512486n
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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