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  1. Article ; Online: Exposures to Elevated Core Temperatures during Football Training: The Impact on Autonomic Nervous System Recovery and Function.

    Renaghan, Eric / Wittels, Harrison L / Feigenbaum, Luis A / Wishon, Michael J / Chong, Stephanie / Wittels, Eva D / Hendricks, Stephanie / Hecocks, Dustin / Bellamy, Kyle / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen / Vo, Tri / McDonald, Samantha M / Wittels, S Howard

    Sports (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: Exercising with elevated core temperatures may negatively affect autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Additionally, longer training duration under higher core temperatures may augment these negative effects. This study evaluated the relationship ... ...

    Abstract Exercising with elevated core temperatures may negatively affect autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Additionally, longer training duration under higher core temperatures may augment these negative effects. This study evaluated the relationship between exercise training duration and 24 h ANS recovery and function at ≥37 °C, ≥38 °C and ≥39 °C core temperature thresholds in a sample of male Division I (D1) collegiate American football athletes. Fifty athletes were followed over their 25-week season. Using armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704239-X
    ISSN 2075-4663 ; 2075-4663
    ISSN (online) 2075-4663
    ISSN 2075-4663
    DOI 10.3390/sports12010008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Exercise Cardiac Load and Autonomic Nervous System Recovery during In-Season Training: The Impact on Speed Deterioration in American Football Athletes.

    Renaghan, Eric / Wittels, Harrison L / Feigenbaum, Luis A / Wishon, Michael Joseph / Chong, Stephanie / Wittels, Eva Danielle / Hendricks, Stephanie / Hecocks, Dustin / Bellamy, Kyle / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen / Vo, Tri / McDonald, Samantha M / Wittels, S Howard

    Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: Fully restoring autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is paramount for peak sports performance. Training programs failing to provide sufficient recovery, especially during the in-season, may negatively affect performance. This study aimed to evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Fully restoring autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is paramount for peak sports performance. Training programs failing to provide sufficient recovery, especially during the in-season, may negatively affect performance. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the physiological workload of collegiate football training on ANS recovery and function during the in-season. Football athletes recruited from a D1 college in the southeastern US were prospectively followed during their 13-week "in-season". Athletes wore armband monitors equipped with ECG and inertial movement capabilities that measured exercise cardiac load (ECL; total heartbeats) and maximum running speed during and baseline heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) 24 h post-training. These metrics represented physiological load (ECL = HR·Duration), ANS function, and recovery, respectively. Linear regression models evaluated the associations between ECL, baseline HR, HRV, and maximum running speed. Athletes (n = 30) were 20.2 ± 1.5 years, mostly non-Hispanic Black (80.0%). Negative associations were observed between acute and cumulative exposures of ECLs and running speed (β = -0.11 ± 0.00,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2411-5142
    ISSN (online) 2411-5142
    DOI 10.3390/jfmk8030134
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A Novel Metric "Exercise Cardiac Load" Proposed to Track and Predict the Deterioration of the Autonomic Nervous System in Division I Football Athletes.

    Wittels, S Howard / Renaghan, Eric / Wishon, Michael Joseph / Wittels, Harrison L / Chong, Stephanie / Wittels, Eva Danielle / Hendricks, Stephanie / Hecocks, Dustin / Bellamy, Kyle / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen / Vo, Tri / McDonald, Samantha M / Feigenbaum, Luis A

    Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 4

    Abstract: Current metrics like baseline heart rate (HR) and HR recovery fail in predicting overtraining (OT), a syndrome manifesting from a deteriorating autonomic nervous system (ANS). Preventing OT requires tracking the influence of internal physiological loads ... ...

    Abstract Current metrics like baseline heart rate (HR) and HR recovery fail in predicting overtraining (OT), a syndrome manifesting from a deteriorating autonomic nervous system (ANS). Preventing OT requires tracking the influence of internal physiological loads induced by exercise training programs on the ANS. Therefore, this study evaluated the predictability of a novel, exercise cardiac load metric on the deterioration of the ANS. Twenty male American football players, with an average age of 21.3 years and body mass indices ranging from 23.7 to 39.2 kg/m
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2411-5142
    ISSN (online) 2411-5142
    DOI 10.3390/jfmk8040143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The effects of relaxation techniques following acute, high intensity football training on parasympathetic reactivation.

    Renaghan, Eric / Wishon, Michael Joseph / Wittels, Harrison L / Feigenbaum, Luis A / Bellamy, Kyle / Hatfield, Michael / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen / McDonald, Samantha M / Wittels, S Howard

    Frontiers in sports and active living

    2023  Volume 5, Page(s) 1267631

    Abstract: Background: Evidence shows relaxation techniques reactivate the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) following physiological stressors such as exercise. As such, these techniques may be useful following exercise training of high intensity sports, like ... ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence shows relaxation techniques reactivate the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) following physiological stressors such as exercise. As such, these techniques may be useful following exercise training of high intensity sports, like collegiate football.
    Purpose: To evaluate the impact of mindfulness and rest activities on PNS reactivation following training sessions, in a sample of Division-I collegiate, male football athletes.
    Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, pre-post experimental design among 38 football athletes. Following three training sessions, each separated by one week, athletes were exposed to three groups: mindfulness, rest, and no-intervention. Athletes in the mindfulness group laid supine in a darkened room, while performing 15 min of guided breathing and body scans. The rest group remained seated in a lighted room, performing 15 min of restful activities (e.g., talking). The no-intervention group was instructed to perform usual post-training activities (e.g., showering). Heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and two HR variability (HRV) indices were measured via an armband monitor (Warfighter Monitor, Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc, Miami, FL) equipped with electrocardiographic and photoplethysmography capabilities. HRV indices included standard deviation of the N-N intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (rMSSD). Within and between-group differences were determined via analysis of variance (ANOVA) and corrected for multiple comparisons familywise error.
    Results: Statistically significant reductions in HR and RR were observed across all groups: -81.6, -66.4, -40.9 bpm and -31.7, -26.9, and -19.0 breaths⋅min
    Conclusions: Our findings suggest that athletes engaging in either 15-minute guided mindfulness or rest activities (e.g., sitting) post training, may facilitate PNS reactivation. Implementing these strategies may accelerate recovery, improving performance. Longitudinal, randomized controlled trials among diverse sports are encouraged.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2624-9367
    ISSN (online) 2624-9367
    DOI 10.3389/fspor.2023.1267631
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Recovery of the autonomic nervous system following football training among division I collegiate football athletes: The influence of intensity and time.

    Wittels, S Howard / Renaghan, Eric / Wishon, Michael Joseph / Wittels, Harrison L / Chong, Stephanie / Wittels, Eva Danielle / Hendricks, Stephanie / Hecocks, Dustin / Bellamy, Kyle / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen / McDonald, Samantha / Feigenbaum, Luis A

    Heliyon

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e18125

    Abstract: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is profoundly affected by high intensity exercise. However, evidence is less clear on ANS recovery and function following prolonged bouts of high intensity exercise, especially in non-endurance athletes. Therefore, this ...

    Abstract The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is profoundly affected by high intensity exercise. However, evidence is less clear on ANS recovery and function following prolonged bouts of high intensity exercise, especially in non-endurance athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between duration and intensity of acute exercise training sessions and ANS recovery and function in Division I football athletes. Fifty, male football athletes were included in this study. Subjects participated in 135 days of exercise training sessions throughout the 25-week season and wore armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor, Tiger Tech Solutions) equipped with electrocardiography capabilities. Intensity was measured via heart rate (HR) during an 'active state', defined as HR ≥ 85 bpm. Further, data-driven intensity thresholds were used and included HR < 140 bpm, HR < 150 bpm, HR < 160 bpm, HR ≥ 140 bpm, HR ≥ 150 bpm and HR ≥ 160 bpm. Baseline HR and HR recovery were measured and represented ANS recovery and function 24h post-exercise. Linear regression models assessed the relationships between time spent at the identified intensity thresholds and ANS recovery and function 24h post-exercise. Statistical significance set at α < 0.05. Athletes participated in 128 training sessions, totaling 2735 data points analyzed. Subjects were predominantly non-Hispanic black (66.0%), aged 21.2 (±1.5) years and average body mass index of 29.2 (4.7) kg⋅(m
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18125
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Internal or External Training Load Metrics: Which Is Best for Tracking Autonomic Nervous System Recovery and Function in Collegiate American Football?

    Renaghan, Eric / Wittels, Harrison L / Wittels, S Howard / Wishon, Michael Joseph / Hecocks, Dustin / Wittels, Eva D / Hendricks, Stephanie / Girardi, Joe / Lee, Stephen J / McDonald, Samantha M / Feigenbaum, Luis A

    Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1

    Abstract: Sport coaches increasingly rely on external load metrics for designing effective training programs. However, their accuracy in estimating internal load is inconsistent, and their ability to predict autonomic nervous system (ANS) deterioration is unknown. ...

    Abstract Sport coaches increasingly rely on external load metrics for designing effective training programs. However, their accuracy in estimating internal load is inconsistent, and their ability to predict autonomic nervous system (ANS) deterioration is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between internal and external training load metrics and ANS recovery and function in college football players. Football athletes were recruited from a D1 college in the southeastern US and prospectively followed for 27 weeks. Internal load was estimated via exercise cardiac load (ECL; average training heartrate (HR) × session duration) and measured with an armband monitor equipped with electrocardiographic capabilities (Warfighter Monitor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2411-5142
    ISSN (online) 2411-5142
    DOI 10.3390/jfmk9010005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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