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Article: Soil health changes following transition from an annual cropping to perennial management‐intensive grazing agroecosystem

Shawver, Casey J. / Ippolito, James A. / Brummer, Joe E. / Ahola, Jason K. / Rhoades, Ryan D.

Agrosystems, geosciences & environment. 2021, v. 4, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Management‐intensive grazing (MiG) on irrigated, perennial pastures has steadily increased in the western United States due to pressure for reducing public lands grazing, overall declining land available for pasture, and decreasing commodity prices. ... ...

Abstract	Management‐intensive grazing (MiG) on irrigated, perennial pastures has steadily increased in the western United States due to pressure for reducing public lands grazing, overall declining land available for pasture, and decreasing commodity prices. However, there are still many unknowns regarding MiG and its environmental impact, especially with regards to soil health. Over a 2‐yr period, a study evaluating the change in soil health under a full‐scale, 82‐ha pivot‐irrigated perennial pasture system grazed with ∼230 animal units (AUs) using MiG. Soil analysis included 11 soil characteristics aggregated into the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), which outputs results for soil biological, physical, nutrient, chemical, and overall soil health indices (SHIs). Over time, positive impacts were observed in the chemical and biological SHI due to decreases in salt content and increases in microbial and enzymatic activities. Soil organic C (SOC) remained unchanged, yet positive biological SHI changes are potential precursors to future SOC increases. The chemical and nutrient SHI increased in the soil surface due to reductions in salt content in conjunction with increased plant‐available soil P, as a result of salt leaching via irrigation and pre‐study inorganic P fertilizer application in conjunction with manure deposition due to MiG, respectively. Finally, a negative impact was also observed in the physical SHI, driven primarily by increasing bulk density due to hoof pressure from cattle grazing. If managed correctly, compaction issues can be avoided, with MiG systems having potential success in supporting grazing while promoting soil health for environmental and economic sustainability.
Keywords	agroecosystems ; bulk density ; cattle ; economic sustainability ; environment ; environmental impact ; fertilizer application ; irrigation ; pastures ; phosphorus fertilizers ; salt content ; soil ; soil analysis ; soil organic carbon ; soil quality
Language	English
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2639-6696
DOI	10.1002/agg2.20181
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of performance and carcass traits for a five-cohort All Heifer, No Cow beef production system demonstration herd.

Harrison, Meredith A / Arce-Cordero, Jose A / Seidel, George E / Archibeque, Shawn L / Whittier, Jack C / Rhoades, Ryan D / Ahola, Jason K

Translational animal science

2020 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) txaa191

Abstract: The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system is an alternative to conventional cow/calf production that involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with sexed semen to produce female calves that are early weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished ...

Abstract	The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system is an alternative to conventional cow/calf production that involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with sexed semen to produce female calves that are early weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished on a high-concentrate diet and harvested before reaching 30 mo of age. Objectives of this research were to document reproductive, feedyard, calf, and carcass performance of an AHNC herd; evaluate effects of carcass maturity on carcass quality; and determine if performance of initial cohorts (i.e., cohorts 1 and 2) differed from sustaining cohorts (i.e., cohorts 3-5). A total of 272 heifers were enrolled in the AHNC system via five annual cohorts. The system was initiated with 51 yearling, Angus-based heifers, and a replicate set (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txaa191
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of the All Heifer, No Cow beef production system using a system dynamics model based on 6 yr of demonstration herd data.

Harrison, Meredith A / Sheehan, John J / Seidel, George E / Mooney, Dan F / Rhoades, Ryan D / Ahola, Jason K

Journal of animal science

2020 Volume 99, Issue 1

Abstract: Alternative management strategies with no cows and all heifers may improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production. The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with female sex-selected ... ...

Abstract	Alternative management strategies with no cows and all heifers may improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production. The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with female sex-selected semen (FSS) to produce primarily female calves that are early weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished on a high concentrate diet and harvested before 30 mo of age. The objectives of this research were to: 1) build a dynamic model of an AHNC beef production system to quantify system biological and economic efficiency; 2) compare effects of utilizing FSS vs. conventional semen on biological and economic efficiency; 3) evaluate what-if scenarios to determine the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% from initial observed values; and 4) evaluate the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±10% from initial observed values. A model was built over a 21-yr horizon using Stella Architect. Biological parameter values in the model were based on the 6 yr of data collected from the management of an AHNC demonstration herd. In the model animal, total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake, hot carcass weight (HCW), and age at harvest were randomized. Feed, animal, and carcass prices included in the model were based on 10 yr of historical U.S. price data. Key response variables were biological and economic efficiency (mean ± SD). Biological efficiency was defined as the ratio of output (kilograms of HCW produced) to input (lifetime kilograms of feed TDN consumed), and economic efficiency was measured using a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and unit variable cost (UVC). Over 40 simulation runs, the predicted mean biological efficiency was 0.0714 ± 0.0008. Economic efficiency was 0.95 ± 0.02 and US $445.41 ± 0.06 for BCR and UVC, respectively. Biological and economic efficiency was improved in the conventional semen scenario; biological efficiency was 0.0738 ± 0.0008, and BCR and UVC were 0.99 ± 0.04 and US $407.24 ± 0.006, respectively. Under this parameterization and market conditions, the AHNC beef production system failed to achieve profitability under any scenario that was evaluated. However, this review did not account for the potential increased genetic benefit from a decreased generation interval and the reduction in feed energy in comparison to a conventional cow/calf system.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Cattle ; Diet/veterinary ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Semen ; Weaning
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skaa405
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Article: A Systems Thinking Approach to Ranching: Finding Leverage to Mitigate Drought

Rhoades, Ryan D / Clay P. Mathis / Kimberly C. McCuistion

The Society for Range Management Rangelands. 2014 Dec., v. 36, no. 6

2014

Abstract: Drought is an adaptive challenge where management strategies and practices that work today might not work tomorrow. Adaptive challenges facing management may require thinking systemically to determine leverage points. Systems thinking can be an effective ...

Abstract	Drought is an adaptive challenge where management strategies and practices that work today might not work tomorrow. Adaptive challenges facing management may require thinking systemically to determine leverage points. Systems thinking can be an effective way to see the big picture, deal with complex situations, and create effective long-term management alternatives for the ranch. Successful management alternatives will provide flexibility to protect the core business (i.e., cow herd), be enterprise-diverse to spread risk, and allow management for the good of the whole, not simplyto maximize the pieces. It is important to evaluate your own ranching system to identify the appropriate enterprises or practices, there is no best mix.
Keywords	cows ; drought ; herds ; ranching ; range management ; rangelands ; risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-12
Size	p. 2-6.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	743075-9
ISSN	1551-501X ; 0190-0528
ISSN (online)	1551-501X
ISSN	0190-0528
DOI	10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-14-00017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Employee Management on Large Ranches

Rhoades, Ryan D / Clay P. Mathis / J.J. Livsey / Kim C. McCuistion

The Society for Range Management Rangelands. 2013 Apr., v. 35, no. 2

2013

Abstract: Managing people is a vital component of managing a large ranch. Employee management practices have an effect on turnover in any organization, and our study specifically examined management practices on ranches. Our study describes the state of employee ... ...

Abstract	Managing people is a vital component of managing a large ranch. Employee management practices have an effect on turnover in any organization, and our study specifically examined management practices on ranches. Our study describes the state of employee management on large ranches and provides useful and practical information that may help ranch managers build their personnel management skills. Managers could potentially enhance employee performance by reviewing their operations management procedures and incentive structures and adjusting them as needed.
Keywords	human resources ; human resources management ; managers ; ranching
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-04
Size	p. 2-11.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	743075-9
ISSN	1551-501X ; 0190-0528
ISSN (online)	1551-501X
ISSN	0190-0528
DOI	10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-12-00076.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Consumer Preferences in Purchasing Beef and the Values they Attribute to Branded Beef Products

Hanagriff, Roger D. / Rhoades, Ryan D. / Wilmeth, Doug

2008

Abstract: There have been significant changes in consumer demand at the retail counter, such as health, convenience, palatability preferences, and safety concerns. Branded programs offer a means for satisfying consumer demand for high quality and differentiated ... ...

Abstract	There have been significant changes in consumer demand at the retail counter, such as health, convenience, palatability preferences, and safety concerns. Branded programs offer a means for satisfying consumer demand for high quality and differentiated beef products. To help answer the question of who is purchasing branded beef market and why, an online survey was sent to interested beef consumers to determine their preferences of purchasing, as well as values they attribute to certain product characteristics. The total sample response from 13,000 contacted consumers was 502 responses, which according to Kreiche and Morgan, 1970 is a valid sample size. Decision variables ranked moderate and always important include guaranteed tender and satisfaction, low price, and low fat or lean. Differences in the strength of the decision values, such as always important, moderately important to seldom important were found with gender, purchasing frequency product differences. Results provide a better understanding of consumer decisions to buy branded beef and may assist producers with advertising decisions.
Keywords	Beef demand ; consumer beef demand ; demand preferences for beef ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural and Food Policy ; Consumer/Household Economics
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-01-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Employee Management on Large Ranches

Rhoades, Ryan D. / Livsey, J. J. / McCuistion, Kim C. / Mathis, Clay P.

Rangelands

2013 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 2

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	743075-9
ISSN	0190-0528
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Postmortem regulation of glycolysis by 6-phosphofructokinase in bovine M. Sternocephalicus pars mandibularis.

Rhoades, Ryan D / King, D Andy / Jenschke, Blaine E / Behrends, Jason M / Hively, Teresa S / Smith, Stephen B

Meat science

2005 Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 621–626

Abstract: This experiment addressed the hypothesis that 6-phosphofructokinase (6-PFK) regulates glycolysis in postmortem in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis. In two separate experiments, muscle samples were excised from randomly-selected steers that would ... ...

Abstract	This experiment addressed the hypothesis that 6-phosphofructokinase (6-PFK) regulates glycolysis in postmortem in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis. In two separate experiments, muscle samples were excised from randomly-selected steers that would typically be found on a commercial slaughter floor. In the first experiment, two samples were obtained from each of 6 steers immediately post-exsanguination; one sample was immersed immediately in liquid nitrogen and the other was stored at 4°C for 4 d, to compare 6-PFK enzyme activity and glycolytic intermediate concentrations between fresh and d 4 postmortem samples. The greatest activity of 6-PFK was measured in fresh muscle extracts at pH 7.4, whereas little activity was detectable at pH 7.0. 6-PFK activity measured at pH 7.4 in d 4 samples also was barely detectable. Hill coefficient values for 6-PFK in fresh samples measured at pH 7.4 or 7.0, and d 4 samples measured at pH 7.4 were 2.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively, indicating loss of cooperativity with both lowered pH during assay and with time postmortem. Glycogen concentrations decreased 45% from d 0 to d 4, to 39.6μmol glycogen/g muscle. Muscle concentrations of free glucose increased (P<0.001) from 0.84μmol/g at d 0 to 6.54μmol/g at d 4. Fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate increased (P<0.001) from d 0 to d 4 (2.8-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively). Lactate began accumulating immediately (3.33μmol/g) and was elevated to 45.9μmol/g by d 4. In the second experiment, conversion of [U-(14)C]glucose to lactate, glycogen, and CO(2) was measured in vitro at pH 7.4 and 7.0 in fresh M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis strips from four steers. Total [U-(14)C]glucose was less in muscle strips incubated at pH 7.0 than in those incubated at pH 7.4 (55.5 vs. 123nmol glucose utilized per 100mg muscle per h; P=0.04), due primarily to a reduction in glucose conversion to lactate. The conversion of glucose to glycogen or CO(2) in vitro was unaffected by media pH. These results suggest that the postmortem decline in pH in M. sternocephalicus pars mandibularis ultimately inactivates 6-PFK; this occurs prior to the depletion of glycogen reserves.
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	753319-6
ISSN	1873-4138 ; 0309-1740
ISSN (online)	1873-4138
ISSN	0309-1740
DOI	10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.01.024
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Article: Consumer Preferences in Purchasing Beef and the Values they Attribute to Branded Beef Products

Hanagriff, Roger D. / Rhoades, Ryan D. / Wilmeth, Doug

Abstract	There have been significant changes in consumer demand at the retail counter, such as health, convenience, palatability preferences, and safety concerns. Branded programs offer a means for satisfying consumer demand for high quality and differentiated beef products. To help answer the question of who is purchasing branded beef market and why, an online survey was sent to interested beef consumers to determine their preferences of purchasing, as well as values they attribute to certain product characteristics. The total sample response from 13,000 contacted consumers was 502 responses, which according to Kreiche and Morgan, 1970 is a valid sample size. Decision variables ranked moderate and always important include guaranteed tender and satisfaction, low price, and low fat or lean. Differences in the strength of the decision values, such as always important, moderately important to seldom important were found with gender, purchasing frequency product differences. Results provide a better understanding of consumer decisions to buy branded beef and may assist producers with advertising decisions.
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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