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  1. Article: Controversies in the management of anti-TNF therapy in patients with Crohn's disease: a Delphi consensus.

    González-Lama, Yago / Ricart, Elena / Carpio, Daniel / Bastida, Guillermo / Ceballos, Daniel / Ginard, Daniel / Marin-Jimenez, Ignacio / Menchen, Luis / Muñoz, Fernando

    BMJ open gastroenterology

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: Despite research, there are still controversial areas in the management of Crohn's disease (CD).: Objective: To establish practical recommendations on using anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe CD.!## ...

    Abstract Background: Despite research, there are still controversial areas in the management of Crohn's disease (CD).
    Objective: To establish practical recommendations on using anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe CD.
    Methods: Clinical controversies in the management of CD using anti-TNF therapies were identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and a national survey was launched to examine current clinical practices when using anti-TNF therapies. Their results were discussed by expert gastroenterologists within a nominal group meeting, and a set of statements was proposed and tested in a Delphi process.
    Results: Qualitative study. The survey and Delphi process were sent to 244 CD-treating physicians (response rate: 58%). A total of 14 statements were generated. All but two achieved agreement. These statements cover: (1) use of first-line non-anti-TNF biological therapy; (2) role of HLA-DQA1*05 in daily practice; (3) attitudes in primary non-response and loss of response to anti-TNF therapy due to immunogenicity; (4) use of ustekinumab or vedolizumab if a change in action mechanism is warranted; (5) anti-TNF drug level monitoring; (6) combined therapy with an immunomodulator.
    Conclusion: This document sought to pull together the best evidence, experts' opinions, and treating physicians' attitudes when using anti-TNF therapies in patients with CD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Delphi Technique ; Necrosis
    Chemical Substances Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2054-4774
    ISSN 2054-4774
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Medical consultation in ulcerative colitis: Key elements for improvement.

    González-Lama, Yago / Ricart, Elena / Cábez, Ana / Fortes, Pilar / Gómez, Susana / Casellas, Francesc

    World journal of gastroenterology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 917–925

    Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high impact. In order to improve patient outcomes, the clinician-patient relationship in daily practice is critical. Clinical guidelines provide a framework for UC diagnosis and treatment. ... ...

    Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high impact. In order to improve patient outcomes, the clinician-patient relationship in daily practice is critical. Clinical guidelines provide a framework for UC diagnosis and treatment. However, standard procedures and the medical content focused upon medical consultations in UC patients has not yet been defined. Moreover, UC is a complex disease, given that patient characteristics and patient needs have been proven to vary during clinical consultation since establishing the diagnosis and upon the course of the disease. In this article, we have discussed the key elements and specific objectives to consider in medical consultation, such as diagnosis, first visits, follow-up visits, active disease patients, patients on topical therapies, new treatment initiation, refractory patients, extra-intestinal manifestations, as well as challenging situations. The key elements have been mentioned to comprise effective communication techniques, motivational interviewing (MI), as well as information and educational aspects, or organizational issues. The key elements to be implemented in daily practice were reported to comprise several general principles like duly prepared consultations, in addition to honesty and empathy with patients, as well as effective communication techniques, MI, information and educational points, or organizational issues. The role of other healthcare professionals such as specialized nurses, psychologists, or the use of checklists was also discussed and commented on.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis ; Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185929-2
    ISSN 2219-2840 ; 1007-9327
    ISSN (online) 2219-2840
    ISSN 1007-9327
    DOI 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.917
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Current status of mesenchymal stem cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation in IBD.

    Ricart, Elena

    Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

    2012  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 387–391

    Abstract: Cellular therapy is a promising new approach to address unmet medical needs in patients with IBD, mainly Crohn's disease (CD). Two series have reported autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for CD. The largest one is a phase I study ... ...

    Abstract Cellular therapy is a promising new approach to address unmet medical needs in patients with IBD, mainly Crohn's disease (CD). Two series have reported autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for CD. The largest one is a phase I study from Chicago including 24 patients with active CD refractory to conventional therapies. All patients went into remission with a CD Activity Index (CDAI) <150. The percentage of clinical relapse-free survival was 91% at 1 year, 63% at 2 years, 57% at 3 years, 39% at 4 years and 19% at 5 years. The percentage of patients in remission (CDAI <150), steroid-free or medication-free at any post-transplantation evaluation interval remained ≥70, ≥80 and ≥60%, respectively. In Europe and Canada, a currently ongoing randomized trial hopes to answer the question of whether autologous HSCT adds any benefit to the effect of immunosuppression used during mobilization. Although promising, HSCT for CD is still experimental and its toxicity leaves this option for a considerably reduced number of refractory patients in whom the disease is not amenable to surgical resection. A more recently developed, less aggressive approach involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Successful pre-clinical studies using MSCs in models of autoimmunity, inflammation or tissue damage have paved the way for clinical trials. Two phase I studies on autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs for the treatment of active refractory CD have been published recently; one using systemic administration in patients with luminal CD and the other assessing the effects of local injection of MSCs for the treatment of fistulizing CD, showing that application of autologous MSCs is feasible, well tolerated and might produce clinical benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632798-9
    ISSN 1421-9875 ; 0257-2753
    ISSN (online) 1421-9875
    ISSN 0257-2753
    DOI 10.1159/000338134
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance enterography findings 46 weeks after initiation of biological therapy predict long-term adverse outcomes in Crohn's disease.

    Fernández-Clotet, Agnès / Ordás, Ingrid / Masamunt, Maria Carme / Caballol, Berta / Rodríguez, Sonia / Gallego, Marta / Barastegui, Rebeca / Saavedra, Anny Carolina / Panés, Julián / Ricart, Elena / Rimola, Jordi

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2024  Volume 59, Issue 11, Page(s) 1435–1445

    Abstract: Background and aims: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) depicts transmural changes in response to biological treatment for Crohn's disease (CD); however, the long-term prognostic significance of these findings is unknown. The primary objective of ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) depicts transmural changes in response to biological treatment for Crohn's disease (CD); however, the long-term prognostic significance of these findings is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to identify findings on MRE 46 weeks after initiating biological treatment that predict adverse long-term outcomes.
    Methods: Patients with CD underwent MRE 46 weeks after initiating biological treatment and were prospectively followed for 2 years. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of different radiologic findings for various predefined adverse outcomes.
    Results: Of the 89 patients included, 46 (51.7%) had ≥1 adverse outcome during follow-up: 40 (44.9%) had clinical recurrence; 18 (20.2%) required surgery, 8 (9%) endoscopic balloon dilation, 12 (13.5%) hospitalization and 7 (7.8%) required corticosteroids. In the multivariate analysis, persistence of severe lesions (MaRIA ≥11) in any intestinal segment was associated with an increased risk of surgery [OR 11.6 (1.5-92.4)], of surgery and/or endoscopic balloon dilation [OR 6.3 (1.3-30.2)], and of clinical relapse [OR 4.6 (1.6-13.9)]. Penetrating lesions were associated with surgery [OR 3.4 (1.2-9.9)]. Creeping fat with hospitalization [OR 5.1 (1.1-25.0)] and corticosteroids requirement [OR 16.0 (1.2-210.0)]. The presence of complications (stricturing and/or penetrating lesions) was associated with having ≥1 adverse outcome [OR 3.35 (1.3-8.5)].
    Conclusion: MRE findings at week-46 after initiating biological therapy can predict long-term adverse outcomes in CD. Therapeutic intervention may be required in patients with persistence of severe inflammatory lesions, CD-associated complications, or creeping fat.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Recurrence ; Biological Therapy/adverse effects ; Biological Therapy/methods ; Follow-Up Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/apt.17968
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Can we Monitor a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Adapt Treatment without Endoscopy?

    Panes, Julian / Ricart, Elena

    Current drug targets

    2016  Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 777–781

    Abstract: Background: While predictors of disease course in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not accurate, we adapt therapies reactively, after objective demonstration of the presence of active disease, complications, or an inadequate response to a ... ...

    Abstract Background: While predictors of disease course in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not accurate, we adapt therapies reactively, after objective demonstration of the presence of active disease, complications, or an inadequate response to a therapeutic intervention. In this context, adequate monitoring is essential to make timely management decisions.
    Objective: To review the role of clinical assessment, biomarkers, radiology and endoscopy in monitoring patients with IBD.
    Results: Assessment of clinical symptoms is the cornerstone of monitoring in IBD; in ulcerative colitis (UC) there is acceptable correspondence between mucosal lesions and presence of symptoms, but in Crohn's disease (CD) there is a considerable disconnection between these two, and monitoring requires complementary tests. Blood and stool markers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin are increasingly used. However, the operating properties of these biomarkers are different according to disease type (UC vs. CD), age (pediatric or adult), and disease location (small bowel vs. colonic disease). Cross-sectional imaging has a similar accuracy to endoscopy to detect inflammation in CD, and a higher accuracy to detect stenosing and penetrating complications. It has also been shown that magnetic resonance imaging is accurate for measuring response to therapeutic interventions.
    Conclusion: Cross-sectional imaging is one of the preferred monitoring options in patients with CD. Endoscopy continues to be the preferred examination for assessing UC, and should still be considered in patients with CD who have symptoms or altered biomarkers and cross-sectional imaging is negative.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Child ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis ; Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis ; Crohn Disease/physiopathology ; Crohn Disease/therapy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods ; Feces/chemistry ; Humans ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-25
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2064859-5
    ISSN 1873-5592 ; 1389-4501
    ISSN (online) 1873-5592
    ISSN 1389-4501
    DOI 10.2174/1389450117666160401125642
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation in IBD

    Ricart, Elena

    Digestive Diseases

    2012  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 387–391

    Abstract: Cellular therapy is a promising new approach to address unmet medical needs in patients with IBD, mainly Crohn’s disease (CD). Two series have reported autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for CD. The largest one is a phase I study ... ...

    Institution Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
    Abstract Cellular therapy is a promising new approach to address unmet medical needs in patients with IBD, mainly Crohn’s disease (CD). Two series have reported autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for CD. The largest one is a phase I study from Chicago including 24 patients with active CD refractory to conventional therapies. All patients went into remission with a CD Activity Index (CDAI) <150. The percentage of clinical relapse-free survival was 91% at 1 year, 63% at 2 years, 57% at 3 years, 39% at 4 years and 19% at 5 years. The percentage of patients in remission (CDAI <150), steroid-free or medication-free at any post-transplantation evaluation interval remained ≥70, ≥80 and ≥60%, respectively. In Europe and Canada, a currently ongoing randomized trial hopes to answer the question of whether autologous HSCT adds any benefit to the effect of immunosuppression used during mobilization. Although promising, HSCT for CD is still experimental and its toxicity leaves this option for a considerably reduced number of refractory patients in whom the disease is not amenable to surgical resection. A more recently developed, less aggressive approach involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Successful pre-clinical studies using MSCs in models of autoimmunity, inflammation or tissue damage have paved the way for clinical trials. Two phase I studies on autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs for the treatment of active refractory CD have been published recently; one using systemic administration in patients with luminal CD and the other assessing the effects of local injection of MSCs for the treatment of fistulizing CD, showing that application of autologous MSCs is feasible, well tolerated and might produce clinical benefits.
    Keywords Mesenchymal stem cells ; Cell therapy ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Crohn’s disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07-12
    Publisher S. Karger AG
    Publishing place Basel, Switzerland
    Document type Article
    Note Innovative Treatments Will Offer a Better Outcome for Patients with IBD
    ZDB-ID 632798-9
    ISBN 978-3-318-02185-1 ; 978-3-318-02186-8 ; 3-318-02185-7 ; 3-318-02186-5
    ISSN 1421-9875 ; 0257-2753
    ISSN (online) 1421-9875
    ISSN 0257-2753
    DOI 10.1159/000338134
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  7. Article ; Online: Avoiding contrast-enhanced sequences does not compromise the precision of the simplified MaRIA for the assessment of non-penetrating Crohn's disease activity.

    Fernàndez-Clotet, Agnès / Sapena, Víctor / Capozzi, Nunzia / Rodríguez, Sonia / Masamunt, Maria-Carme / Ricart, Elena / Ordás, Ingrid / Panés, Julian / Rimola, Jordi

    European radiology

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 3334–3345

    Abstract: Objectives: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require multiple assessments with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) from a young age. Standard MRE protocols for CD include contrast-enhanced sequences. Gadolinium deposits in brain tissue suggest ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require multiple assessments with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) from a young age. Standard MRE protocols for CD include contrast-enhanced sequences. Gadolinium deposits in brain tissue suggest avoiding gadolinium could benefit patients with CD. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (sMaRIA) calculated with and without contrast-enhanced sequences in determining the response to biologic drugs in patients with CD.
    Methods: This post hoc analysis of a prospective study included patients with CD with endoscopic ulceration in ≥ 1 intestinal segment starting biologic drug therapy. Two blinded radiologists used the sMaRIA to score images obtained at baseline and week 46 of treatment first using only unenhanced sequences (T2-sMaRIA) and 1 month later using both unenhanced and enhanced images (CE-sMaRIA). We calculated the rates of agreement between T2-sMaRIA, CE-sMaRIA, and ileocolonoscopy for different conceptualizations of therapeutic response.
    Results: A total of 46 patients (median age, 36 years [IQR: 28-47]) were included. Agreement with ileocolonoscopy was similar for CE-sMaRIA and T2-sMaRIA in identifying ulcer healing (kappa = 0.74 [0.55-0.93] and 0.70 [0.5-0.9], respectively), treatment response (kappa = 0.53 [0.28-0.79] and 0.44 [0.17 - 0.71]), and remission (kappa = 0.48 [0.22-0.73] and 0.43 [0.17-0.69]). The standardized effect size was moderate for both CE-sMaRIA = 0.63 [0.41-0.85] p < 0.001 and T2-sMaRIA = 0.58 [0.36-0.80] p < 0.001.
    Conclusions: sMaRIA with and without contrast-enhanced images accurately classified the response according to different therapeutic endpoints determined by ileocolonoscopy.
    Key points: • The simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity is accurate for the assessment of Crohn's disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response, using four dichotomic components that can be evaluated without the need of using contrast-enhanced sequences, representing a practical and safety advantage, but concerns have been expressed as to whether the lack of contrast sequences may compromise precision. • The simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity can assess the response to biologic therapy in patients with Crohn's disease without the need for intravenous contrast agents obtaining comparable results without and with contrast-enhanced sequences. • Avoiding intravenous contrast agents could reduce the duration of the MRE examination and its cost and would increase the acceptance and safety of MRE in clinical research in patients with Crohn's disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Contrast Media/pharmacology ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis ; Gadolinium/pharmacology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Prospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-15
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1085366-2
    ISSN 1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
    ISSN (online) 1432-1084
    ISSN 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
    DOI 10.1007/s00330-021-08392-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: De-escalating therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Results from an observational study in clinical practice.

    Arenas, Alex / Moreta, María José / Ordás, Ingrid / Fernández-Clotet, Agnès / Caballol, Berta / Gallego, Marta / Vara, Alejandro / Barastegui, Rebeca / Giner, Angel / Prieto, Cristina / Masamunt, Maria Carme / Candia, Roberto / Ricart, Elena

    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia

    2023  

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Combination therapy with an immunomodulator (IMM) and an anti-TNF is commonly recommended in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, little is known about relapse rates after therapeutic de- ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Combination therapy with an immunomodulator (IMM) and an anti-TNF is commonly recommended in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, little is known about relapse rates after therapeutic de-escalation. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of relapse in a cohort of UC and CD patients with long-standing clinical remission after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to identify predictive factors for relapse.
    Methods: This retrospective study included patients with UC or CD on combination therapy and clinical remission for at least 6 months. IMM or anti-TNF was stopped upon physician decision. Primary objective was to evaluate the relapse rates after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to analyze predictors of relapse.
    Results: The study included 88 patients, 48 patients (54.5%) discontinued IMM and 40 (45.5%) anti-TNF. During follow-up, relapse rates were 16.7% and 52.5% in the IMM discontinuation group and anti-TNF discontinuation group, respectively (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that anti-TNF discontinuation (HR=3.01; 95% CI=1.22-7.43) and ileal CD location (HR=2.36; 95% CI=1.02-5.47) were predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor (HR=0.32; 95% CI=0.11-0.90). Reintroduction of anti-TNF upon relapse was effective and safe.
    Conclusion: Anti-TNF discontinuation led to significantly higher relapse rates compared to IMM discontinuation in UC and CD patients on combination therapy. Anti-TNF discontinuation and ileal CD location were identified as predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor. Retreatment after anti-TNF discontinuation was effective and safe.
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632502-6
    ISSN 0210-5705
    ISSN 0210-5705
    DOI 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.07.005
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  9. Article ; Online: ADC Values for Detecting Bowel Inflammation and Biologic Therapy Response in Patients With Crohn Disease: A Post Hoc Prospective Trial Analysis.

    Rimola, Jordi / Fernandez-Clotet, Agnès / Capozzi, Nunzia / Caballol, Berta / Rodríguez, Sonia / Gallego, Marta / Masamunt, Maria Carme / Panés, Julian / Ricart, Elena / Ordás, Ingrid

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2023  Volume 222, Issue 1, Page(s) e2329639

    Abstract: BACKGROUND. ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Biological Therapy ; Crohn Disease ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Ulcer ; Clinical Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.23.29639
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  10. Article ; Online: A Novel Strategy to Study the Invasive Capability of Adherent-Invasive

    Mayorgas, Aida / Dotti, Isabella / Martínez-Picola, Marta / Esteller, Miriam / Bonet-Rossinyol, Queralt / Ricart, Elena / Salas, Azucena / Martínez-Medina, Margarita

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 646906

    Abstract: Over the last decades, Adherent- ... ...

    Abstract Over the last decades, Adherent-Invasive
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Crohn Disease/metabolism ; Crohn Disease/microbiology ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Models, Biological ; Organoids/cytology ; Organoids/metabolism ; Organoids/microbiology ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646906
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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