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  1. Article ; Online: The pivotal role of irradiation-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) e2048

    Abstract: Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip, and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Also, apoptosis is a programmed cell death associated with numerous physiological as well as pathological regulations.
    Recent findings: Irradiation (IR)-induce apoptosis triggers cell death, with or without intervening mitosis within a few hours of IR and these share different morphologic alteration such as, loss of normal nuclear structure as well as degradation of DNA. Moreover, MB is strikingly sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies and the role of apoptosis a key treatment modality. Furthermore, in MB, the apoptotic pathways are made up of several triggers, modulators, as well as effectors. Notably, IR-induced apoptotic mechanisms in MB therapy are very complex and they either induce radiosensitivity or inhibit radioresistance leading to potential effective treatment strategies for MB.
    Conclusion: This review explicitly explores the pivotal roles of IR-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of MB.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Medulloblastoma/radiotherapy ; Medulloblastoma/genetics ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology ; DNA ; Embryonic Structures ; Metencephalon/embryology
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2573-8348
    ISSN (online) 2573-8348
    DOI 10.1002/cnr2.2048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The Pivotal Immunoregulatory Functions of Microglia and Macrophages in Glioma Pathogenesis and Therapy.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Journal of oncology

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 8903482

    Abstract: Gliomas are mixed solid tumors composed of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. In glioma microenvironment, the most common nonneoplastic and infiltrating cells are macrophages and microglia. Microglia are the exact phagocytes of the central nervous ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas are mixed solid tumors composed of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. In glioma microenvironment, the most common nonneoplastic and infiltrating cells are macrophages and microglia. Microglia are the exact phagocytes of the central nervous system, whereas macrophages are myeloid immune cells that are depicted with ardent phagocytosis. Microglia are heterogeneously located in almost all nonoverlapping sections of the brain as well as the spinal cord, while macrophages are derived from circulating monocytes. Microglia and macrophages utilize a variety of receptors for the detection of molecules, particles, and cells that they engulf. Both microglia and peripheral macrophages interact directly with vessels both in the periphery of and within the tumor. In glioma milieu, normal human astrocytes, glioma cells, and microglia all exhibited the ability of phagocytosing glioma cells and precisely apoptotic tumor cells. Also, microglia and macrophages are robustly triggered by the glioma via the expression of chemoattractants such as monocyte chemoattractant protein, stromal-derived factor-1, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages positively correlated with glioma invasiveness, immunosuppression, and patients' poor outcome, making these cells a suitable target for immunotherapeutic schemes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2461349-6
    ISSN 1687-8469 ; 1687-8450
    ISSN (online) 1687-8469
    ISSN 1687-8450
    DOI 10.1155/2022/8903482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Exploring the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhetinic Acids.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Mediators of inflammation

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 6699560

    Abstract: Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent ... ...

    Abstract Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor agents, and immuneregulators. GL and GA have potent activities against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, and arboviruses. Also, GA was observed to be of therapeutic valve in human enterovirus 71, which was recognized as the utmost regular virus responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL and GA is realized via cytokines like interferon-
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhiza/chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacokinetics ; Inflammation ; Interferons/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Leishmania/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/parasitology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/cytology ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukins ; Prostaglandins ; RNA, Messenger ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Glycyrrhizic Acid (6FO62043WK) ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; NOS2 protein, human (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid (P540XA09DR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1137605-3
    ISSN 1466-1861 ; 0962-9351
    ISSN (online) 1466-1861
    ISSN 0962-9351
    DOI 10.1155/2021/6699560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Shaped Like a "Calabash Gourd" and Mimicking a Tumor.

    Su, Yang / Richard, Seidu A / Lan, Zhigang

    World neurosurgery

    2024  Volume 184, Page(s) 161–162

    Abstract: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms are likely to be fusiform, yet they hardly enlarge to mimic a tumor in the posterior fossa on radiology. They constitute about 3%-4% of all cerebral aneurysms. A 65-year-old woman presented with tremor in ... ...

    Abstract Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms are likely to be fusiform, yet they hardly enlarge to mimic a tumor in the posterior fossa on radiology. They constitute about 3%-4% of all cerebral aneurysms. A 65-year-old woman presented with tremor in her right upper limb for 1 year and intermittent dizziness for 8 months. Interestingly, magnetic resonance imaging revealed 2 unanimously enhanced masses like mother and daughter located in the right cerebellum hemisphere. The lesion was resected via surgery, and histopathology established the diagnosis of an aneurysm. Her tremor and dizziness subsided 3 months after the surgery, and at her 2-year follow-up she was well with no further neurologic deficits.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Dizziness/pathology ; Tremor ; Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery ; Vertebral Artery/surgery ; Cerebellum/blood supply ; Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Explicating the Pivotal Pathogenic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Biomarker Potentials of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glioblastoma.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Disease markers

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 8844313

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive central nervous tumor that originates from astrocytes. These pathogenic astrocytes divide rapidly and are sustained by enormous network of blood vessels via which they receive requisite nutrients. It well ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive central nervous tumor that originates from astrocytes. These pathogenic astrocytes divide rapidly and are sustained by enormous network of blood vessels via which they receive requisite nutrients. It well proven that GBM microenvironment is extremely infiltrated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs are a heterogeneous cluster of immature myeloid progenitors. They are key mediates in immune suppression as well as sustenance glioma growth, invasion, vascularization, and upsurge of regulatory T cells via different molecules. MDSCs are often elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with GBM. MDSCs in the peripheral blood as well as those infiltrating the GBM microenvironment correlated with poor prognosis. Also, an upsurge in circulating MDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with GBM was observed compared to benign and grade I/II glioma patients. GBM patients with good prognosis presented with reduced MDSCs as well as augmented dendritic cells. Almost all chemotherapeutic medication for GBM has shown no obvious improvement in overall survival in patients. Nevertheless, low-dose chemotherapies were capable of suppressing the levels of MDSCs in GBM as well as multiple tumor models with metastatic to the brain. Thus, MDSCs are potential diagnostic as well as therapeutic biomarkers for GBM patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Glioblastoma/diagnosis ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology ; Prognosis ; Tumor Hypoxia ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604951-5
    ISSN 1875-8630 ; 0278-0240
    ISSN (online) 1875-8630
    ISSN 0278-0240
    DOI 10.1155/2020/8844313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: EPAC2: A new and promising protein for glioma pathogenesis and therapy.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Oncology reviews

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 446

    Abstract: Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-determined signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-intermediated signaling events were utilized to transduce protein kinase A (PKA) leading to the detection of EPACs or cAMP-guanine exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). EPACs have been detected as crucial proteins associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as numerous human diseases. EPAC proteins have two isoforms. These isoforms are EPAC1 and EPAC2. EPAC2 also known as Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (RAPGEF4) is generally expression in all neurites. Higher EAPC2 levels was detected in the cortex, hippocampus as well as striatum of adult mouse brain. Activation as well as over-secretion of EPAC2 triggers apoptosis in neurons and EPAC-triggered apoptosis was intermediated via the modulation of Bcl-2 interacting member protein (BIM). EPAC2 secretory levels has proven to be more in low-grade clinical glioma than high-grade clinical glioma. This review therefore explores the effects of EPAC2/RAPGEF4 on the pathogenesis of glioma instead of EPAC1 because EPAC2 and not EPAC1 is predominately expressed in the brain. Therefore, EPAC2 is most likely to modulate glioma pathogenesis rather than EPAC1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-30
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2390302-8
    ISSN 1970-5565 ; 1970-5565 ; 1970-5557
    ISSN (online) 1970-5565
    ISSN 1970-5565 ; 1970-5557
    DOI 10.4081/oncol.2020.446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Elucidating the Focal Immunomodulatory Clues Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Milieu of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

    Hechavarria, Maite Esquijarosa / Richard, Seidu A

    Current stem cell research & therapy

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–75

    Abstract: The intervertebral discs (IVDs) are a relatively mobile joint that interconnects vertebrae of the spine. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, which is most often related to patient morbidity as well as ... ...

    Abstract The intervertebral discs (IVDs) are a relatively mobile joint that interconnects vertebrae of the spine. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, which is most often related to patient morbidity as well as high medical costs. Patients with chronic IVDD often need surgery that may sometimes lead to biomechanical complications as well as augmented degeneration of the adjacent segments. Moreover, treatment modalities like rigid intervertebral fusion, dynamic instrumentation, as well as other surgical interventions are still controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited to have immunomodulatory functions and the ability to differentiate into cartilage, making these cells possibly an epitome for IVD regeneration. Transplanted MSCs were able to repair IVDD back to the normal disc milieu via the activation of the generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as aggrecan, proteoglycans and collagen types I and II. IVD milieu clues like, periostin, cluster of differentiation, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins, chemokines, transforming growth factor beta, reactive oxygen species, toll-like receptors, tyrosine protein kinase receptor and disialoganglioside, exosomes are capable of influencing the MSCs during treatment of IVDD. ECM microenvironment clues above have potentials as biomarkers as well as accurate molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in IVDD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/therapy ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/pathology ; Intervertebral Disc/metabolism ; Low Back Pain ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-19
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251937-3
    ISSN 2212-3946 ; 1574-888X
    ISSN (online) 2212-3946
    ISSN 1574-888X
    DOI 10.2174/1574888X17666220420134619
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Lhermitte-Duclos disease with excessive calcification in a septuagenarian: A case report.

    Su, Yang / Richard, Seidu A / Lan, Zhigang / Zhang, Yuekang

    Medicine

    2024  Volume 103, Issue 1, Page(s) e36212

    Abstract: Rationale: Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (DCG), is a rare tumor originating from the cerebellar cortex. LDD is a benign neuroglial tumor with uncertain prognosis. Over 200 cases have been reported in the ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (DCG), is a rare tumor originating from the cerebellar cortex. LDD is a benign neuroglial tumor with uncertain prognosis. Over 200 cases have been reported in the literature mostly in the form of case reports. Thus, we present a spectacular case of LDD with excessive calcification in a female septuagenarian.
    Patient concerns: A 72-year-old female presented with progressive dizziness for 8 months and suffered a head and sacrococcygeal region injury 20 days prior to her admission in our neurosurgery department.
    Diagnosis: Computed tomography scan showed a right nonspecific cerebellar mass with striated calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right "tiger-striped" alteration of the cerebellar cortex. H&E staining revealed a low grade glial neural tumor which was consistent with the diagnosis of LDD or DCG.
    Intervention: The lesion was total resected.
    Outcomes: The patient recovered well and the cerebellar dysfunctional symptoms subsided 3 months after the operation and 2 years follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion and no neurological deficits.
    Lesion: We postulate that the calcification of LDD is age-related and the pathogenesis of disease often observed in young adulthood.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Aged ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/complications ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/diagnosis ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/surgery ; Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis/surgery ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebellum ; Glioma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80184-7
    ISSN 1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
    ISSN (online) 1536-5964
    ISSN 0025-7974
    DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000036212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Elucidating the novel biomarker and therapeutic potentials of High-mobility group box 1 in Subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review.

    Richard, Seidu A

    AIMS neuroscience

    2019  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 316–332

    Abstract: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently arises after an aneurysm in a cerebral artery ruptures, resulting into bleeding as well as clot formation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely preserved, universal protein secreted in the nuclei of ... ...

    Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently arises after an aneurysm in a cerebral artery ruptures, resulting into bleeding as well as clot formation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely preserved, universal protein secreted in the nuclei of all cell varieties. This review explores the biomarker as well as therapeutic potentials of HMBG1 in SAH especially during the occurrence of cerebral vasospasms. Plasma HMGB1 levels have proven to be very useful prognosticators of effective outcome as well as death after SAH. Correspondingly, higher HMGB1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SAH patients correlated well with poor outcome; signifying that, CSF level of HMGB1 is a novel predictor of outcome following SAH. Nonetheless, the degree of angiographic vasospasm does not always correlate with the degree of neurological deficits in SAH patients. HMGB1 stimulated cerebral vasospasm, augmented gene as well as protein secretory levels of receptor for advance glycation end product (RAGE) in neurons following SAH; which means that, silencing HMGB1 during SAH could be of therapeutic value. Compounds like resveratrol, glycyrrhizin, rhinacanthin, purpurogallin, 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol (4OGOMV) as well as receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) gene are capable of interacting with HMGB1 resulting in therapeutic benefits following SAH.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2777113-1
    ISSN 2373-7972 ; 2373-8006
    ISSN (online) 2373-7972
    ISSN 2373-8006
    DOI 10.3934/Neuroscience.2019.4.316
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Aflatoxin B

    Francis, Sullibie / Kortei, Nii Korley / Sackey, Marian / Richard, Seidu A

    Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 20240907

    Abstract: Aflatoxin ... ...

    Abstract Aflatoxin B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2829380-0
    ISSN 2391-5463
    ISSN 2391-5463
    DOI 10.1515/med-2024-0907
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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