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  1. Article: How do tumor cells respond to HDAC inhibition?

    Newbold, Andrea / H. Miles Prince / Katrina J. Falkenberg / Ricky W. Johnstone

    FEBS journal. 2016 Nov., v. 283, no. 22

    2016  

    Abstract: It is now well recognized that mutations, deregulated expression, and aberrant recruitment of epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers are fundamentally important processes in the onset and maintenance of many human tumors. The molecular, biological, and ...

    Abstract It is now well recognized that mutations, deregulated expression, and aberrant recruitment of epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers are fundamentally important processes in the onset and maintenance of many human tumors. The molecular, biological, and biochemical characteristics of a particular class of epigenetic erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been extensively studied and small‐molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have now been clinically approved for the treatment of human hemopoietic malignancies. This review explores our current understanding of the biological and molecular effects on tumor cells following HDACi treatment. The predominant responses include induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of proliferation that in experimental models have been linked to therapeutic efficacy. However, tumor cell‐intrinsic responses to HDACi, including modulating tumor immunogenicity have also been described and may have substantial roles in mediating the antitumor effects of HDACi. We posit that the field has failed to fully reconcile the biological consequences of exposure to HDACis with the molecular events that underpin these responses, however progress is being made. Understanding the pleiotrophic activities of HDACis on tumor cells will hopefully fast track the development of more potent and selective HDACi that may be used alone or in combination to improve patient outcomes.
    Keywords antineoplastic activity ; cell death ; epigenetics ; histone deacetylase ; humans ; immune response ; models ; mutation ; neoplasm cells ; neoplasms ; patients
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-11
    Size p. 4032-4046.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.13746
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis targets protein translation in acute myeloid leukemia

    Joan So / Alexander C Lewis / Lorey K Smith / Kym Stanley / Rheana Franich / David Yoannidis / Lizzy Pijpers / Pilar Dominguez / Simon J Hogg / Stephin J Vervoort / Fiona C Brown / Ricky W Johnstone / Gabrielle McDonald / Danielle B Ulanet / Josh Murtie / Emily Gruber / Lev M Kats

    EMBO Molecular Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 7, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract The mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes one of the rate‐limiting steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a pathway that provides essential metabolic precursors for nucleic acids, glycoproteins, and phospholipids. ...

    Abstract Abstract The mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes one of the rate‐limiting steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a pathway that provides essential metabolic precursors for nucleic acids, glycoproteins, and phospholipids. DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are clinically used for autoimmune diseases and are emerging as a novel class of anticancer agents, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where pyrimidine starvation was recently shown to reverse the characteristic differentiation block in AML cells. Herein, we show that DHODH blockade rapidly shuts down protein translation in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and has potent and selective activity against multiple AML subtypes. Moreover, we find that ablation of CDK5, a gene that is recurrently deleted in AML and related disorders, increases the sensitivity of AML cells to DHODHi. Our studies provide important molecular insights and identify a potential biomarker for an emerging strategy to target AML.
    Keywords acute myeloid leukemia ; DHODH ; leukemic stem cells ; protein translation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Genetics ; QH426-470
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A2AR eGFP reporter mouse enables elucidation of A2AR expression dynamics during anti-tumor immune responses

    Kirsten L. Todd / Junyun Lai / Kevin Sek / Yu-Kuan Huang / Dane M. Newman / Emily B. Derrick / Hui-Fern Koay / Dat Nguyen / Thang X. Hoang / Emma V. Petley / Cheok Weng Chan / Isabelle Munoz / Imran G. House / Joel N. Lee / Joelle S. Kim / Jasmine Li / Junming Tong / Maria N. de Menezes / Christina M. Scheffler /
    Kah Min Yap / Amanda X. Y. Chen / Phoebe A. Dunbar / Brandon Haugen / Ian A. Parish / Ricky W. Johnstone / Phillip K. Darcy / Paul A. Beavis

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract There is significant clinical interest in targeting adenosine-mediated immunosuppression, with several small molecule inhibitors having been developed for targeting the A2AR receptor. Understanding of the mechanism by which A2AR is regulated has ...

    Abstract Abstract There is significant clinical interest in targeting adenosine-mediated immunosuppression, with several small molecule inhibitors having been developed for targeting the A2AR receptor. Understanding of the mechanism by which A2AR is regulated has been hindered by difficulty in identifying the cell types that express A2AR due to a lack of robust antibodies for these receptors. To overcome this limitation, here an A2AR eGFP reporter mouse is developed, enabling the expression of A2AR during ongoing anti-tumor immune responses to be assessed. This reveals that A2AR is highly expressed on all tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets including Natural Killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells, conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and on a MHCIIhiCD86hi subset of type 2 conventional dendritic cells. In response to PD-L1 blockade, the emergence of PD-1+A2AR- cells correlates with successful therapeutic responses, whilst IL-18 is identified as a cytokine that potently upregulates A2AR and synergizes with A2AR deficiency to improve anti-tumor immunity. These studies provide insight into the biology of A2AR in the context of anti-tumor immunity and reveals potential combination immunotherapy approaches.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Bcor loss perturbs myeloid differentiation and promotes leukaemogenesis

    Madison J. Kelly / Joan So / Amy J. Rogers / Gareth Gregory / Jason Li / Magnus Zethoven / Micah D. Gearhart / Vivian J. Bardwell / Ricky W. Johnstone / Stephin J. Vervoort / Lev M. Kats

    Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 14

    Abstract: BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, the authors use mouse models to show the mechanism of how inactivation of BCOR in haematopoietic stem cells contributes to the development of ... ...

    Abstract BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, the authors use mouse models to show the mechanism of how inactivation of BCOR in haematopoietic stem cells contributes to the development of leukaemia.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Natural Killer Cells Suppress T Cell-Associated Tumor Immune Evasion

    Andrew J. Freeman / Stephin J. Vervoort / Kelly M. Ramsbottom / Madison J. Kelly / Jessica Michie / Lizzy Pijpers / Ricky W. Johnstone / Conor J. Kearney / Jane Oliaro

    Cell Reports, Vol 28, Iss 11, Pp 2784-2794.e

    2019  Volume 5

    Abstract: Summary: Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies, the majority of patients fail to respond or develop resistance through disruption of pathways that promote neo-antigen presentation on MHC I molecules. Here, we conducted a series of ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies, the majority of patients fail to respond or develop resistance through disruption of pathways that promote neo-antigen presentation on MHC I molecules. Here, we conducted a series of unbiased, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify genes that limit natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor activity. We identified that genes associated with antigen presentation and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling protect tumor cells from NK cell killing. Indeed, Jak1-deficient melanoma cells were sensitized to NK cell killing through attenuated NK cell-derived IFN-γ-driven transcriptional events that regulate MHC I expression. Importantly, tumor cells that became resistant to T cell killing through enrichment of MHC I-deficient clones were highly sensitive to NK cell killing. Taken together, we reveal the genes targeted by tumor cells to drive checkpoint blockade resistance but simultaneously increase their vulnerability to NK cells, unveiling NK cell-based immunotherapies as a strategy to antagonize tumor immune escape. : Freeman et al. use a series of genome-wide loss-of-function genetic screens to identify genes that limit tumor sensitivity to killing by natural killer cells. The findings highlight that natural killer cells can suppress tumor immune evasion from T cells, identifying a potential strategy to overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy. Keywords: natural killer cell, CRISPR screening, tumor immune evasion, immunotherapy
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Bcor loss perturbs myeloid differentiation and promotes leukaemogenesis

    Madison J. Kelly / Joan So / Amy J. Rogers / Gareth Gregory / Jason Li / Magnus Zethoven / Micah D. Gearhart / Vivian J. Bardwell / Ricky W. Johnstone / Stephin J. Vervoort / Lev M. Kats

    Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 14

    Abstract: BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, the authors use mouse models to show the mechanism of how inactivation of BCOR in haematopoietic stem cells contributes to the development of ... ...

    Abstract BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Here, the authors use mouse models to show the mechanism of how inactivation of BCOR in haematopoietic stem cells contributes to the development of leukaemia.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Temporal Analysis of Brd4 Displacement in the Control of B Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation

    Isabella Y. Kong / Joel S. Rimes / Amanda Light / Izabela Todorovski / Sarah Jones / Eric Morand / Deborah A. Knight / Ylva E. Bergman / Simon J. Hogg / Hendrik Falk / Brendon J. Monahan / Paul A. Stupple / Ian P. Street / Susanne Heinzel / Philippe Bouillet / Ricky W. Johnstone / Philip D. Hodgkin / Stephin J. Vervoort / Edwin D. Hawkins

    Cell Reports, Vol 33, Iss 3, Pp 108290- (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Summary: JQ1 is a BET-bromodomain inhibitor that has immunomodulatory effects. However, the precise molecular mechanism that JQ1 targets to elicit changes in antibody production is not understood. Our results show that JQ1 induces apoptosis, reduces cell ...

    Abstract Summary: JQ1 is a BET-bromodomain inhibitor that has immunomodulatory effects. However, the precise molecular mechanism that JQ1 targets to elicit changes in antibody production is not understood. Our results show that JQ1 induces apoptosis, reduces cell proliferation, and as a consequence, inhibits antibody-secreting cell differentiation. ChIP-sequencing reveals a selective displacement of Brd4 in response to acute JQ1 treatment (<2 h), resulting in specific transcriptional repression. After 8 h, subsequent alterations in gene expression arise as a result of the global loss of Brd4 occupancy. We demonstrate that apoptosis induced by JQ1 is solely attributed to the pro-apoptotic protein Bim (Bcl2l11). Conversely, cell-cycle regulation by JQ1 is associated with multiple Myc-associated gene targets. Our results demonstrate that JQ1 drives temporal changes in Brd4 displacement that results in a specific transcriptional profile that directly affects B cell survival and proliferation to modulate the humoral immune response.
    Keywords B cells ; cellular immunology ; epigenetics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Overview of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Haematological Malignancies

    H. Miles Prince / Simon Harrison / Mark J. Bishton / Ricky W. Johnstone / Michael Dickinson

    Pharmaceuticals, Vol 3, Iss 8, Pp 2674-

    2010  Volume 2688

    Abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can induce hyperacetylation of both histone and non-histone target resulting in epigenetic reprogramming and altered activity, stability and localisation of non-histone proteins to ultimately mediate diverse ... ...

    Abstract Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can induce hyperacetylation of both histone and non-histone target resulting in epigenetic reprogramming and altered activity, stability and localisation of non-histone proteins to ultimately mediate diverse biological effects on cancer cells and their microenvironment. Clinical trials have demonstrated single agent HDACi to have activity in hematological malignancies, in particular T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Combination strategies with standard therapies based on pre-clinical data are being employed with significant success due to their excellent side effect profile. Correlative studies will provide valuable information on the sub-groups of patients more likely to respond or be resistant to HDACi therapy, while long-term monitoring for toxicities is also needed.
    Keywords Histone deacetylase inhibitors ; Clinical studies ; Haematology ; Medicine ; R ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Antigen-driven EGR2 expression is required for exhausted CD8+ T cell stability and maintenance

    Mayura V. Wagle / Stephin J. Vervoort / Madison J. Kelly / Willem Van Der Byl / Timothy J. Peters / Ben P. Martin / Luciano G. Martelotto / Simone Nüssing / Kelly M. Ramsbottom / James R. Torpy / Deborah Knight / Sinead Reading / Kevin Thia / Lisa A. Miosge / Debbie R. Howard / Renee Gloury / Sarah S. Gabriel / Daniel T. Utzschneider / Jane Oliaro /
    Jonathan D. Powell / Fabio Luciani / Joseph A. Trapani / Ricky W. Johnstone / Axel Kallies / Christopher C. Goodnow / Ian A. Parish

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 15

    Abstract: Exhausted T cells arise when chronic activation triggers functional defects. Here the authors show that chronic antigenic stimulation in both tumour and infection models induces the expression of EGR2, which drives and stabilises exhausted cell ... ...

    Abstract Exhausted T cells arise when chronic activation triggers functional defects. Here the authors show that chronic antigenic stimulation in both tumour and infection models induces the expression of EGR2, which drives and stabilises exhausted cell epigenetic and transcriptional identity.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Therapeutic Response to Non-genotoxic Activation of p53 by Nutlin3a Is Driven by PUMA-Mediated Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells

    Liz J. Valente / Brandon J. Aubrey / Marco J. Herold / Gemma L. Kelly / Lina Happo / Clare L. Scott / Andrea Newbold / Ricky W. Johnstone / David C.S. Huang / Lyubomir T. Vassilev / Andreas Strasser

    Cell Reports, Vol 14, Iss 8, Pp 1858-

    2016  Volume 1866

    Abstract: Nutlin3a is a small-molecule antagonist of MDM2 that promotes non-genotoxic activation of p53 through p53 protein stabilization and transactivation of p53 target genes. Nutlin3a is the forerunner of a class of cancer therapeutics that have reached ... ...

    Abstract Nutlin3a is a small-molecule antagonist of MDM2 that promotes non-genotoxic activation of p53 through p53 protein stabilization and transactivation of p53 target genes. Nutlin3a is the forerunner of a class of cancer therapeutics that have reached clinical trials. Using transgenic and gene-targeted mouse models lacking the critical p53 target genes, p21, Puma, and Noxa, we found that only loss of PUMA conferred profound protection against Nutlin3a-induced killing in both non-transformed lymphoid cells and Eμ-Myc lymphomas in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of the PUMA gene rendered human hematopoietic cancer cell lines markedly resistant to Nutlin3a-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that PUMA-mediated apoptosis, but not p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest or senescence, is a critical determinant of the therapeutic response to non-genotoxic p53 activation by Nutlin3a. Importantly, in human cancer, PUMA expression may predict patient responses to treatment with MDM2 antagonists.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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