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  1. Article: Large-Scale, Precision Xenon Doping of Liquid Argon

    McFadden, N. / Elliott, S. R. / Gold, M. / Fields, D. E. / Rielage, K. / Massarczyk, R. / Gibbons, R.

    Abstract: The detection of scintillation light from liquid argon is an experimental technique key to a number of current and future nuclear/particle physics experiments, such as neutrino physics, neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter searches. Although ... ...

    Abstract The detection of scintillation light from liquid argon is an experimental technique key to a number of current and future nuclear/particle physics experiments, such as neutrino physics, neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter searches. Although the idea of adding small quantities of xenon (doping) to enhance the light yield has attracted considerable interest, this technique has never been demonstrated at the necessary scale. Here we report on xenon doping in a 100~l crogenic vessel. We observed an increase in light yield by a factor of 1.81$\pm$0.04 at a dopant concentration of 10~ppm, consistent with a Geant4 prediction of 1.83$\pm$0.02. We determine a lower limit on the attenuation length of $3$~m at a concentration of 10~ppm
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher ArXiv
    Document type Article
    Database COVID19

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  2. Article ; Online: Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator.

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H / Elliott, S R /
    Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kidd, M F / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Mertens, S / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Rager, J / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Schaper, D C / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    Physical review letters

    2024  Volume 132, Issue 4, Page(s) 41001

    Abstract: With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental ... ...

    Abstract With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1-100)-keV low-energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019 using a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.041001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Constraints on the Decay of ^{180m}Ta.

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H / Elliott, S R / Giovanetti, G K /
    Goett, J / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / López-Castaño, J M / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Meijer, W / Oli, T K / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Rouyer, A / Ruof, N W / Schaper, D C / Schleich, S J / Smith-Gandy, T A / Tedeschi, D / Thompson, J D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Watkins, S L / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Alves, D S M / Hebenstiel, L / Ramani, H

    Physical review letters

    2023  Volume 131, Issue 15, Page(s) 152501

    Abstract: 180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the ... ...

    Abstract ^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the Majorana Demonstrator, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{76}Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of ^{180m}Ta. More than 17 kg, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search, was installed within the ultralow-background detector array. In this Letter, we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the ^{180m}Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5×10^{19}  yr, we improved existing limits by 1-2 orders of magnitude which are the most sensitive searches for a single β and electron capture decay ever achieved. Over all channels, the decay can be excluded for T_{1/2}<0.29×10^{18}  yr.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.152501
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  4. Article ; Online: Erratum: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 080401 (2022)].

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H / Elliott, S R /
    Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    Physical review letters

    2023  Volume 130, Issue 23, Page(s) 239902

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401. ...

    Abstract This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.239902
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  5. Article ; Online: Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge.

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Barton, P J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H /
    Elliott, S R / Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kidd, M F / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Mertens, S / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Schaper, D C / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    Physical review letters

    2023  Volume 130, Issue 6, Page(s) 62501

    Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg ... ...

    Abstract The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to ∼88% in ^{76}Ge). From these measurements, the Demonstrator has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV Q_{ββ} (0.12%), we set a half-life limit of 0νββ in ^{76}Ge at T_{1/2}>8.3×10^{25}  yr (90% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on m_{ββ} of (113-269) meV (90% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.062501
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  6. Book ; Online: A Radon Progeny Deposition Model

    Guiseppe, V. E. / Elliott, S. R. / Hime, A. / Rielage, K. / Westerdale, S.

    2010  

    Abstract: The next generation low-background detectors operating underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. Although the radioactive decays of airborne radon (particularly Rn-222) and its subsequent progeny present in an experiment ... ...

    Abstract The next generation low-background detectors operating underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. Although the radioactive decays of airborne radon (particularly Rn-222) and its subsequent progeny present in an experiment are potential backgrounds, also problematic is the deposition of radon progeny on detector materials. Exposure to radon at any stage of assembly of an experiment can result in surface contamination by progeny supported by the long half life (22 y) of Pb-210 on sensitive locations of a detector. An understanding of the potential surface contamination from deposition will enable requirements of radon-reduced air and clean room environments for the assembly of low background experiments. It is known that there are a number of environmental factors that govern the deposition of progeny onto surfaces. However, existing models have not explored the impact of some environmental factors important for low background experiments. A test stand has been constructed to deposit radon progeny on various surfaces under a controlled environment in order to develop a deposition model. Results from this test stand and the resulting deposition model are presented.

    Comment: Proceedings of the Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques, (Sudbury, Canada) August 28-29, 2010
    Keywords Nuclear Experiment
    Subject code 333
    Publishing date 2010-12-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Search for Solar Axions via Axion-Photon Coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator.

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H / Elliott, S R /
    Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kidd, M F / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Schaper, D C / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 8, Page(s) 81803

    Abstract: Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff- ... ...

    Abstract Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between January, 2017 and November, 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as g_{aγ}<1.45×10^{-9}  GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) for axions with mass up to 100  eV/c^{2}. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1  eV/c^{2} and 100  eV/c^{2}.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.081803
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  8. Article ; Online: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator.

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bhimani, K H / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Efremenko, Yu / Ejiri, H / Elliott, S R /
    Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Henning, R / Hervas Aguilar, D / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lannen V, T E / Li, A / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Paudel, L S / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 8, Page(s) 80401

    Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also ... ...

    Abstract The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19-100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, λ, providing a factor of 40-100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Diòsi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401
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  9. Article: α

    Arnquist, I J / Avignone, F T / Barabash, A S / Barton, C J / Bertrand, F E / Blalock, E / Bos, B / Busch, M / Buuck, M / Caldwell, T S / Chan, Y-D / Christofferson, C D / Chu, P-H / Clark, M L / Cuesta, C / Detwiler, J A / Drobizhev, A / Edwards, T R / Edwins, D W /
    Edzards, F / Efremenko, Y / Elliott, S R / Gilliss, T / Giovanetti, G K / Green, M P / Gruszko, J / Guinn, I S / Guiseppe, V E / Haufe, C R / Hegedus, R J / Henning, R / Aguilar, D Hervas / Hoppe, E W / Hostiuc, A / Kim, I / Kouzes, R T / Lopez, A M / López-Castaño, J M / Martin, E L / Martin, R D / Massarczyk, R / Meijer, S J / Mertens, S / Myslik, J / Oli, T K / Othman, G / Pettus, W / Poon, A W P / Radford, D C / Rager, J / Reine, A L / Rielage, K / Ruof, N W / Saykı, B / Schönert, S / Stortini, M J / Tedeschi, D / Varner, R L / Vasilyev, S / Wilkerson, J F / Willers, M / Wiseman, C / Xu, W / Yu, C-H / Zhu, B X

    The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields

    2022  Volume 82, Issue 3, Page(s) 226

    Abstract: P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response ... ...

    Abstract P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1459069-4
    ISSN 1434-6052 ; 1434-6044
    ISSN (online) 1434-6052
    ISSN 1434-6044
    DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10161-y
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  10. Book ; Online: Interpretable Boosted Decision Tree Analysis for the Majorana Demonstrator

    Arnquist, I. J. / Avignone III, F. T. / Barabash, A. S. / Barton, C. J. / Bhimani, K. H. / Blalock, E. / Bos, B. / Busch, M. / Buuck, M. / Caldwell, T. S. / Chan, Y -D. / Christofferson, C. D. / Chu, P. -H. / Clark, M. L. / Cuesta, C. / Detwiler, J. A. / Efremenko, Yu. / Elliott, S. R. / Giovanetti, G. K. /
    Green, M. P. / Gruszko, J. / Guinn, I. S. / Guiseppe, V. E. / Haufe, C. R. / Henning, R. / Aguilar, D. Hervas / Hoppe, E. W. / Hostiuc, A. / Kidd, M. F. / Kim, I. / Kouzes, R. T. / Lannen V, T. E. / Li, A. / Lopez-Castano, J. M. / Martin, E. L. / Martin, R. D. / Massarczyk, R. / Meijer, S. J. / Oli, T. K. / Othman, G. / Paudel, L. S. / Pettus, W. / Poon, A. W. P. / Radford, D. C. / Reine, A. L. / Rielage, K. / Ruof, N. W. / Schaper, D. C. / Tedeschi, D. / Varner, R. L.

    2022  

    Abstract: The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the ... ...

    Abstract The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the data-driven nature makes it less interpretable compared to traditional analysis. An interpretability study reveals the machine's decision-making logic, allowing us to learn from the machine to feedback to the traditional analysis. In this work, we have presented the first machine learning analysis of the data from the Majorana Demonstrator; this is also the first interpretable machine learning analysis of any germanium detector experiment. Two gradient boosted decision tree models are trained to learn from the data, and a game-theory-based model interpretability study is conducted to understand the origin of the classification power. By learning from data, this analysis recognizes the correlations among reconstruction parameters to further enhance the background rejection performance. By learning from the machine, this analysis reveals the importance of new background categories to reciprocally benefit the standard Majorana analysis. This model is highly compatible with next-generation germanium detector experiments like LEGEND since it can be simultaneously trained on a large number of detectors.

    Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures
    Keywords Physics - Data Analysis ; Statistics and Probability ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Nuclear Experiment
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-07-21
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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