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Article: Diurnal sheltering preferences and associated conservation management for the endangered sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila

Riley, Joanna / Turpin, Jeff M. / Zeale, Matt R. K. / Jayatilaka, Brynne / Jones, Gareth

Journal of mammalogy. 2021 Apr. 23, v. 102, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Dasyurids are small mammals that can conserve energy and water by using shelters that insulate against extreme conditions, prevent predation, and facilitate torpor. To quantify the diurnal sheltering requirements of a poorly known, endangered dasyurid, ... ...

Abstract	Dasyurids are small mammals that can conserve energy and water by using shelters that insulate against extreme conditions, prevent predation, and facilitate torpor. To quantify the diurnal sheltering requirements of a poorly known, endangered dasyurid, the sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila, we radiotracked 40 individuals in the Western Australian Great Victoria Desert between 2015 and 2019. We assessed the effect of habitat class (broad habitat features), plot-level (the area surrounding each shelter), and shelter characteristics (e.g., daily temperature ranges), on shelter selection and sheltering habitat preferences. Two hundred and eleven diurnal shelters (mean of 5 ± 3 shelters per individual) were located on 363 shelter days (the number of days each shelter was used), within mature vegetation (mean seral age of 32 ± 12 years postfire). Burrows were used on 77% of shelter days and were typically concealed under mature spinifex, Triodia spp., with stable temperature ranges and northern aspects facing the sun. While many burrows were reused (n = 40 across 175 shelter days), spinifex hummock shelters typically were used for one shelter day and were not insulative against extreme temperatures. However, shallow scrapes within Lepidobolus deserti hummock shelters had thermal advantages and log shelters retained heat and were selected on cooler days. Sminthopsis psammophila requires long-unburned sheltering habitat with mature vegetation. Summer fires in the Great Victoria Desert can be extensive and destroy large areas of land, rendering them a key threat to the species. We conclude that the survey and conservation of S. psammophila requires attention to long-unburned, dense lower stratum swale, sand plain, and dune slope habitats, and the tendency of S. psammophila to burrow allows the species to survive within the extreme conditions of its desert environment.
Keywords	Sminthopsis psammophila ; Triodia ; burrows ; energy ; habitats ; heat ; mammalogy ; predation ; resting periods ; sand ; surveys ; temperature ; vegetation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0423
Size	p. 588-602.
Publishing place	American Society of Mammalogists
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218314-6
ISSN	0022-2372
ISSN	0022-2372
DOI	10.1093/jmammal/gyab024
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Diurnal sheltering preferences and associated conservation management for the endangered sandhill dunnart,

Riley, Joanna / Turpin, Jeff M / Zeale, Matt R K / Jayatilaka, Brynne / Jones, Gareth

Journal of mammalogy

2021 Volume 102, Issue 2, Page(s) 588–602

Abstract	Dasyurids are small mammals that can conserve energy and water by using shelters that insulate against extreme conditions, prevent predation, and facilitate torpor. To quantify the diurnal sheltering requirements of a poorly known, endangered dasyurid, the sandhill dunnart,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218314-6
ISSN	0022-2372
ISSN	0022-2372
DOI	10.1093/jmammal/gyab024
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Article ; Online: Increased muscular volume and cuticular specialisations enhance jump velocity in solitarious compared with gregarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria.

Rogers, Stephen M / Riley, Joanna / Brighton, Caroline / Sutton, Gregory P / Cullen, Darron A / Burrows, Malcolm

The Journal of experimental biology

2016 Volume 219, Issue Pt 5, Page(s) 635–648

Abstract: The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. ... ...

Abstract	The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. Prominent amongst these differences is that solitarious locusts have proportionately longer hind femora than gregarious locusts. The hind femora contain the muscles and energy-storing cuticular structures that propel powerful jumps using a catapult-like mechanism. We show that solitarious locusts jump on average 23% faster and 27% further than gregarious locusts, and attribute this improved performance to three sources: first, a 17.5% increase in the relative volume of their hind femur, and hence muscle volume; second, a 24.3% decrease in the stiffness of the energy-storing semi-lunar processes of the distal femur; and third, a 4.5% decrease in the stiffness of the tendon of the extensor tibiae muscle. These differences mean that solitarious locusts can generate more power and store more energy in preparation for a jump than can gregarious locusts. This improved performance comes at a cost: solitarious locusts expend nearly twice the energy of gregarious locusts during a single jump and the muscular co-contraction that energises the cuticular springs takes twice as long. There is thus a trade-off between achieving maximum jump velocity in the solitarious phase against the ability to engage jumping rapidly and repeatedly in the gregarious phase.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Extremities/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Grasshoppers/anatomy & histology ; Grasshoppers/physiology ; Locomotion/physiology ; Male ; Muscles/anatomy & histology ; Muscles/physiology ; Phenotype ; Population Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218085-6
ISSN	1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
ISSN (online)	1477-9145
ISSN	0022-0949
DOI	10.1242/jeb.134445
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Article: Introduced cats eating a continental fauna: invertebrate consumption by feral cats (Felis catus) in Australia

Woolley, Leigh-Ann / Murphy, Brett P / Geyle, Hayley M / Legge, Sarah M / Palmer, Russell A / Dickman, Chris R / Doherty, Tim S / Edwards, Glenn P / Riley, Joanna / Turpin, Jeff M / Woinarski, John C. Z

Wildlife research. 2020, v. 47, no. 8

2020

Abstract: ContextRecent global concern over invertebrate declines has drawn attention to the causes and consequences of this loss of biodiversity. Feral cats, Felis catus, pose a major threat to many vertebrate species in Australia, but their effect on ... ...

Abstract	ContextRecent global concern over invertebrate declines has drawn attention to the causes and consequences of this loss of biodiversity. Feral cats, Felis catus, pose a major threat to many vertebrate species in Australia, but their effect on invertebrates has not previously been assessed. AimsThe objectives of our study were to (1) assess the frequency of occurrence (FOO) of invertebrates in feral cat diets across Australia and the environmental and geographic factors associated with this variation, (2) estimate the number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats annually and the spatial variation of this consumption, and (3) interpret the conservation implications of these results. MethodsFrom 87 Australian cat-diet studies, we modelled the factors associated with variation in invertebrate FOO in feral cat-diet samples. We used these modelled relationships to predict the number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats in largely natural and highly modified environments. Key resultsIn largely natural environments, the mean invertebrate FOO in feral cat dietary samples was 39% (95% CI: 31–43.5%), with Orthoptera being the most frequently recorded order, at 30.3% (95% CI: 21.2–38.3%). The highest invertebrate FOO occurred in lower-rainfall areas with a lower mean annual temperature, and in areas of greater tree cover. Mean annual invertebrate consumption by feral cats in largely natural environments was estimated to be 769 million individuals (95% CI: 422–1763 million) and in modified environments (with mean FOO of 27.8%) 317 million invertebrates year−1, giving a total estimate of 1086 million invertebrates year−1 consumed by feral cats across the continent. ConclusionsThe number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats in Australia is greater than estimates for vertebrate taxa, although the biomass (and, hence, importance for cat diet) of invertebrates taken would be appreciably less. The impact of predation by cats on invertebrates is difficult to assess because of the lack of invertebrate population and distribution estimates, but cats may pose a threat to some large-bodied narrowly restricted invertebrate species. ImplicationsFurther empirical studies of local and continental invertebrate diversity, distribution and population trends are required to adequately contextualise the conservation threat posed by feral cats to invertebrates across Australia.
Keywords	biodiversity ; biomass ; cats ; diet ; fauna ; invertebrates ; predation ; temperature ; trees ; wildlife ; Australia
Language	English
Size	p. 610-623.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1070380-9
ISSN	1035-3712
ISSN	1035-3712
DOI	10.1071/WR19197
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Diet of the introduced red fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia: analysis of temporal and spatial patterns

Fleming, Patricia A. / Crawford, Heather M. / Stobo‐Wilson, Alyson M. / Dawson, Stuart J. / Dickman, Christopher R. / Dundas, Shannon J. / Gentle, Matthew N. / Newsome, Thomas M. / O’Connor, Julie / Palmer, Russell / Riley, Joanna / Ritchie, Euan G. / Speed, James / Saunders, Glen / Stuart, John‐Michael D. / Thompson, Eilysh / Turpin, Jeff M. / Woinarski, John C.Z.

Mammal review. 2021 Oct., v. 51, no. 4 p.508-527

2021

Abstract: The red fox Vulpes vulpes is one of the world’s most widespread carnivores. A key to its success has been its broad, opportunistic diet. The fox was introduced to Australia about 150 years ago, and within 30 years of its introduction was already ... ...

Abstract	The red fox Vulpes vulpes is one of the world’s most widespread carnivores. A key to its success has been its broad, opportunistic diet. The fox was introduced to Australia about 150 years ago, and within 30 years of its introduction was already recognised as a threat to livestock and native wildlife. We reviewed 85 fox diet studies (totalling 31693 samples) from throughout the species’ geographic range within Australia. Mammals were a major component of fox diet, being present in 70 ± 19% of samples across n = 160 locations. Invertebrates (38 ± 26% n = 130) and plant material (26 ± 25% n = 123) were also both staple foods and often the dominant food category recorded. Birds (13 ± 11% n = 137) and reptiles (10 ± 15% n = 132) were also commonly reported, while frogs were scarcely represented (1.6 ± 3.6% n = 111) in fox diet studies. Biogeographical differences reveal factors that likely determine prey availability. Diet composition varied with ecosystem, level of vegetation clearing and condition, and climate zone. Sample type (i.e. stomach versus scat samples) also significantly influenced reporting of diet composition. Livestock and frogs were underrepresented in records based on analysis of scats, whereas small mammals (native rodents, dasyurid marsupials, and bats) were more likely to be recorded in studies of scats than in studies of stomach contents. Diet varied seasonally, reflecting activity patterns of prey species and food availability. This synthesis also captures temporal shifts in fox diet over 70 years (1951–2020), as foxes have switched to consuming more native species in the wake of successful broadscale biological control of the invasive European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. Diet analyses, such as those summarised in this review, capture the evidence required to motivate for greater control of foxes in Australia. This synthesis also highlights the importance of integrated pest species management to meet biodiversity conservation outcomes.
Keywords	Chiroptera ; Dasyuridae ; Vulpes vulpes ; climatic zones ; diet ; feces ; feeding behavior ; foxes ; frogs ; geographical distribution ; introduced species ; invasive species ; prey species ; reptiles ; rodents ; seasonal variation ; wild birds ; wildlife management ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 508-527.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2020637-9
ISSN	1365-2907 ; 0305-1838
ISSN (online)	1365-2907
ISSN	0305-1838
DOI	10.1111/mam.12251
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Introduced cats Felis catus eating a continental fauna: inventory and traits of Australian mammal species killed

Mammal review. 2019 Oct., v. 49, no. 4

2019

Abstract: Mammals comprise the bulk of the diet of free‐ranging domestic cats Felis catus (defined as including outdoor pet cats, strays, and feral cats) in most parts of their global range. In Australia, predation by introduced feral cats has been implicated in ... ...

Abstract	Mammals comprise the bulk of the diet of free‐ranging domestic cats Felis catus (defined as including outdoor pet cats, strays, and feral cats) in most parts of their global range. In Australia, predation by introduced feral cats has been implicated in the extinction of many mammal species, and in the ongoing decline of many extant species. Here, we collate a wide range of records of predation by cats (including feral and pet cats) on Australian mammals and model traits of extant, terrestrial, native mammal species associated with the relative likelihood of cat predation. We explicitly seek to overcome biases in such a continental‐scale compilation by excluding possible carrion records for larger species and accounting for differences in the distribution and abundance of potential prey species, as well as study effort, throughout each species’ range. For non‐volant species, the relative likelihood of predation by cats was greatest for species in an intermediate weight range (peaking at ca. 400 g), in lower rainfall areas and not dwelling in rocky habitats. Previous studies have shown the greatest rates of decline and extinction in Australian mammals to be associated with these traits. As such, we provide the first continental‐scale link between mammal decline and cat predation through quantitative analysis. Our compilation of cat predation records for most extant, terrestrial, native mammal species (151 species, or 52% of the Australian species’ complement) is substantially greater than previously reported (88 species) and includes 50 species listed as threatened by the IUCN or under Australian legislation (57% of Australia's 87 threatened terrestrial mammal species). We identify the Australian mammal species most likely to be threatened by predation by cats (mulgaras Dasycercus spp., kowari Dasyuroides byrnei, many smaller dasyurids and medium‐sized to large rodents, among others) and hence most likely to benefit from enhanced mitigation of cat impacts, such as translocations to predator‐free islands, the establishment of predator‐proof fenced exclosures, and broad‐scale cat poison baiting.
Keywords	cats ; Dasycercus ; dead animals ; diet ; extinction ; fauna ; feral animals ; habitats ; indigenous species ; ingestion ; introduced species ; inventories ; islands ; laws and regulations ; models ; pets ; predation ; prey species ; quantitative analysis ; rain ; rodents ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-10
Size	p. 354-368.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2020637-9
ISSN	1365-2907 ; 0305-1838
ISSN (online)	1365-2907
ISSN	0305-1838
DOI	10.1111/mam.12167
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Introduced cats (Felis catus) eating a continental fauna: The number of mammals killed in Australia

Murphy, Brett P / Woolley, Leigh-Ann / Geyle, Hayley M / Legge, Sarah M / Palmer, Russell / Dickman, Chris R / Augusteyn, John / Brown, Stuart C / Comer, Sarah / Doherty, Tim S / Eager, Charlie / Edwards, Glenn / Fordham, Damien A / Harley, Dan / McDonald, Peter J / McGregor, Hugh / Moseby, Katherine E / Myers, Cecilia / Read, John /

Riley, Joanna / Stokeld, Danielle / Trewella, Gavin J / Turpin, Jeff M / Woinarski, John C.Z

Biological conservation. 2019 Sept., v. 237

2019

Abstract: Predation by cats (Felis catus) is implicated in the decline and extinction of many Australian mammal species. We estimate the number of mammals killed by cats across Australia through meta-analysis of data on the frequency of mammals in cat diet samples ...

Abstract	Predation by cats (Felis catus) is implicated in the decline and extinction of many Australian mammal species. We estimate the number of mammals killed by cats across Australia through meta-analysis of data on the frequency of mammals in cat diet samples from 107 studies. For feral cats in largely natural landscapes, the spatially-weighted mean frequency of mammals in diet samples was 70% (44% for native species, 34% for introduced species). Frequency was significantly higher on the mainland, and in areas of low temperature and topographic ruggedness. Geographic patterns varied markedly between native and introduced mammals, with native mammals most frequent in northern Australia. We estimate that: (i) 815 million individuals yr−1 are killed by feral cats in natural landscapes, 56% of which are native species; (ii) 149 million individuals yr−1 are killed by unowned cats in highly modified landscapes; and (iii) 180 million individuals yr−1 are killed by pet cats. For the latter two components, mainly introduced species are killed. Collectively, across the three components of the cat population, 1,144 million individuals yr−1 are killed by cats, of which, at least 40% (459 million individuals yr−1) are native species. It remains challenging to interpret this tally in terms of its impact on population viability for Australian mammals, because demographic information is not available for most species. However, our estimate of annual mammal mortality due to cat predation is substantially higher than that due to another key threatening process, land clearing.
Keywords	cats ; diet ; extinction ; fauna ; feral animals ; indigenous species ; ingestion ; introduced species ; land clearing ; landscapes ; meta-analysis ; mortality ; natural resources conservation ; pets ; population viability ; predation ; temperature ; topography ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-09
Size	p. 28-40.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0006-3207
DOI	10.1016/j.biocon.2019.06.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Strategic sperm allocation under parasitic sex-ratio distortion.

Dunn, Alison M / Andrews, Tara / Ingrey, Hannah / Riley, Joanna / Wedell, Nina

Biology letters

2006 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 78–80

Abstract: Parasitic sex-ratio distorters are a major selective force in the evolution of host mating behaviour and mate choice. Here, we investigate sperm limitation in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni and the impact of the microsporidian sex-ratio distorter Nosema ... ...

Abstract	Parasitic sex-ratio distorters are a major selective force in the evolution of host mating behaviour and mate choice. Here, we investigate sperm limitation in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni and the impact of the microsporidian sex-ratio distorter Nosema granulosis on sperm allocation strategies. We show that males become sperm limited after three consecutive matings and provide uninfected, high fecundity, females with more sperm than infected females. We show that sperm limitation leads to a decrease in female productivity. The outcome of sex-ratio distortion has been shown theoretically to be sensitive to the mating limits of males. Our results indicate that strategic sperm allocation under male rarity will have a greater impact on infected females and has the potential to regulate spread of parasitic feminisers in host populations.
MeSH term(s)	Amphipoda/microbiology ; Animals ; Female ; Insemination ; Male ; Nosema ; Sex Ratio ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa/cytology
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2005.0402
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