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Book: River networks as ecological corridors

Rinaldo, Andrea / Gatto, Marino / Rodríguez-Iturbe, Ignacio

species, populations, pathogens

2020

Abstract: Species -- Populations -- Waterborne disease -- Afterthoughts and outlook. ... River networks are critically important ecosystems. This interdisciplinary book provides an integrated ecohydrological framework blending laboratory, field, and theoretical ... ...

Author's details	by Andrea Rinaldo (École polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Marino Gatto (Politecnico di Milano), Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe (Texas A & M University)
Abstract	Species -- Populations -- Waterborne disease -- Afterthoughts and outlook. "River networks are critically important ecosystems. This interdisciplinary book provides an integrated ecohydrological framework blending laboratory, field, and theoretical evidence that changes our understanding of river networks as ecological corridors. It describes how the physical structure of the river environment impacts biodiversity, species invasions, population dynamics, and the spread of waterborne disease. State-of-the-art research on the ecological roles of the structure of river networks is summarized, including important studies on the spread and control of waterborne diseases, biodiversity loss due to water resource management, and invasions by non-native species. Practical implications of this research are illustrated with numerous examples throughout. This is an invaluable go-to reference for graduate students and researchers interested in river ecology and hydrology, and the links between the two. Describing new related research on spatially-explicit modeling of the spread of waterborne disease, this book will also be of great interest to epidemiologists and public health managers"--
Keywords	Ecohydrology ; Biodiversity ; Corridors (Ecology) ; Watersheds ; Water / Microbiology
Language	English
Size	xviii, 438 Seiten, Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Publishing place	Cambridge
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
HBZ-ID	HT020878868
ISBN	978-1-108-47782-6 ; 9781108775014 ; 1-108-47782-8 ; 1108775012
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Ecohydrology 2.0.

Rinaldo, Andrea / Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio

Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali

2022 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 245–270

Abstract: This paper aims at a definition of the domain of ecohydrology, a relatively new discipline borne out of an intrusion-as advertised by this Topical Collection of the Rendiconti Lincei-of hydrology and geomorphology into ecology (or vice-versa, depending ... ...

Abstract	This paper aims at a definition of the domain of ecohydrology, a relatively new discipline borne out of an intrusion-as advertised by this Topical Collection of the Rendiconti Lincei-of hydrology and geomorphology into ecology (or vice-versa, depending on the reader's background). The study of hydrologic controls on the biota proves, in our view, significantly broader than envisioned by its original focus that was centered on the critical zone where much of the action of soil, climate and vegetation interactions takes place. In this review of related topics and contributions, we propose a reasoned broadening of perspective, in particular by firmly centering ecohydrology on the fluvial catchment as its fundamental control volume. A substantial unity of materials and methods suggests that our advocacy may be considered legitimate.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2037-4631
ISSN	2037-4631
DOI	10.1007/s12210-022-01071-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ignacio Rodríguez-Iturbe (1942-2022): A review of a pathbreaking academic career combining chance and self-organization.

Levin, Simon A / Rinaldo, Andrea

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 49, Page(s) e2217606119

MeSH term(s)	Organizations ; Personality ; Probability
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2217606119
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Article ; Online: Effects of visual training on motor performance in young tennis players using FitLight trainer.

Forni, Fabio / Farinini, Emanuele / Leardi, Riccardo / Rinaldo, Andrea

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

2021 Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 585–592

Abstract: Background: Tennis is an open-skill sport in which the athletes have a short period of time to elaborate all the information coming from the surrounding environment and produce a motor answer based on them. The aim of this study was divided in two ... ...

Abstract	Background: Tennis is an open-skill sport in which the athletes have a short period of time to elaborate all the information coming from the surrounding environment and produce a motor answer based on them. The aim of this study was divided in two hypotheses: 1) to assess if belonging to a certain category, athlete, or non-athlete, older or younger, can affect the development of reaction time on children; and 2) if a protocol based on visual training (VT) of 6 weeks could improve the motor performance on the field in young tennis players using FitLight Trainer (Medical Graphics, Milan, Italy). Methods: In this evidence a group of young children (N.=40) have been tested on light board through reaction test then some young tennis players (N.=15, age: 7-12 years old) were taken as reference for the second hypothesis. They were divided in two groups: 7 of them were in the group Under-10 (U10) while 8 in a second group (U12). They performed a VT protocol once a week for at least 40 minutes for 6 weeks. They were tested at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T6) to evaluate the reaction time, time in specific lateral shift and precision about forehand and backhand. Results: The development of reaction time of the athletes is principally caused by their growth (P<0.05). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed significant improvements in the Under-10 category in all the tests while in the Under-12 category not every individual showed a significant result in terms of performance. Conclusions: The developing of reaction time and coordination eye-hand is mainly due to the growth of young athletes. Also, performing a 6-week VT using FitLight Trainer is possible improve the reaction time and the motor performance on the field especially in young tennis players under 10 years old.
MeSH term(s)	Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hand ; Humans ; Reaction Time ; Tennis
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-17
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410823-1
ISSN	1827-1928 ; 0022-4707
ISSN (online)	1827-1928
ISSN	0022-4707
DOI	10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12145-0
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Article: Volvulus of a wandering spleen in a pediatric patient.

Ferrara, Dolores / Vallone, Gianfranco / Russo, Silvana / Rossi, Eugenio / Riccio, Ciro / Rinaldo, Andrea Maria / Zeccolini, Raffaele / Zeccolini, Massimo / Esposito, Francesco

Radiology case reports

2024 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 2864–2867

Abstract: Wandering spleen is a rare condition in children that is often caused by the loss or weakening of the splenic ligaments. Its clinical presentation is variable; 64% of children with wandering spleen have splenic torsion as a complication. A 13-year-old ... ...

Abstract	Wandering spleen is a rare condition in children that is often caused by the loss or weakening of the splenic ligaments. Its clinical presentation is variable; 64% of children with wandering spleen have splenic torsion as a complication. A 13-year-old boy who had been showing abdominal pain in the hypogastric region accompanied by vomit and an enormous tumefaction in the suprapubic region came to our observation. Considering the ovoid morphology at ultrasound exam, the echostructure and the marked reduction of parenchymal vascularization, suspicion for torsion of an ectopic spleen arose. Ultrasound evaluation has a primary role in the diagnosis of a suspected wandering spleen and, to avoid potentially life-threatening complications, immediate surgery is often times required.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2406300-9
ISSN	1930-0433
ISSN	1930-0433
DOI	10.1016/j.radcr.2024.03.004
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Article ; Online: Emergent encoding of dispersal network topologies in spatial metapopulation models.

Nicoletti, Giorgio / Padmanabha, Prajwal / Azaele, Sandro / Suweis, Samir / Rinaldo, Andrea / Maritan, Amos

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 46, Page(s) e2311548120

Abstract: We address a generalization of the concept of metapopulation capacity for trees and networks acting as the template for ecological interactions. The original measure had been derived from an insightful phenomenological model and is based on the leading ... ...

Abstract	We address a generalization of the concept of metapopulation capacity for trees and networks acting as the template for ecological interactions. The original measure had been derived from an insightful phenomenological model and is based on the leading eigenvalue of a suitable landscape matrix. It yields a versatile predictor of metapopulation persistence through a threshold value of the eigenvalue determined by ecological features of the focal species. Here, we present an analytical solution to a fundamental microscopic model that incorporates key ingredients of metapopulation dynamics and explicitly distinguishes between individuals comprising the "settled population" and "explorers" seeking colonization. Our approach accounts for general network characteristics (in particular graph-driven directional dispersal which is known to significantly constrain many ecological estimates) and yields a generalized version of the original model, to which it reduces for particular cases. Through examples, including real landscapes used as the template, we compare the predictions from our approach with those of the standard model. Results suggest that in several cases of practical interest, differences are significant. We also examine, with both models, how changes in habitat fragmentation, including removal, addition, or alteration in size, affect metapopulation persistence. The current approach demonstrates a high level of flexibility, enabling the incorporation of diverse "microscopic" elements and their impact on the resulting biodiversity landscape pattern.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Models, Biological ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2311548120
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Article: On the fractal structure of soil moisture fields

Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio / Chen, Zijuan / Rinaldo, Andrea

Advances in water resources. 2021 Jan., v. 147

2021

Abstract: We study the spatial structure of soil moisture fields within savanna ecosystems, whose persistence is vital because it is the driver of the entire ecological structure and function. These include changes in the physical and biogeochemical conditions of ... ...

Abstract	We study the spatial structure of soil moisture fields within savanna ecosystems, whose persistence is vital because it is the driver of the entire ecological structure and function. These include changes in the physical and biogeochemical conditions of the landscape, affecting vegetation state, soil composition, water fluxes, and solar radiation. We focus on computations of the probabilistic structure of islands of soil moisture, known empirically to be related to that of tree clusters, defined as crossing properties of simulated soil moisture fields. Rainfall is modelled via Cox-Isham space-time fields endowed with characteristic scales. Results show that clusters of soil moisture islands are characterized by robust scale-free structures in the region of a phase transition whose order parameter depends on mean soil moisture. Signatures of this fractal structure are well-defined power laws of size distributions of soil moisture clusters; their perimeters-vs-area relations; variance-vs- area of the fields. These characteristics allow for the estimation of the fractal dimension of the field, and its Hurst coefficient. From the general covariance equation of a fractal field, spatial simulations are possible because its mean and variance are known from the probabilistic structure of soil moisture at a point. Our results identify the statistics of hotspots of microbial activity deduced from proper moisture islands, unattainable otherwise, and thus may guide the design of field and remote observations. The critical order parameter characterizing the phase transition establishes where the fractal structure of soil moisture fields exists as a function of the climatic drivers, and the thresholds reflecting where vegetation survives in the field. An example of application of the phase transition diagram presented here is carried out with reference to the Nylsvley savanna in South Africa.
Keywords	covariance ; equations ; fractal dimensions ; landscapes ; microbial activity ; phase transition ; rain ; savannas ; soil composition ; soil water ; solar radiation ; space and time ; trees ; variance ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2023320-6
ISSN	1872-9657 ; 0309-1708
ISSN (online)	1872-9657
ISSN	0309-1708
DOI	10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103826
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Toward a Closure of Catchment Mass Balance: Insight on the Missing Link From a Vegetated Lysimeter

Asadollahi, Mitra / Nehemy, Magali F. / McDonnell, Jeffrey J. / Rinaldo, Andrea / Benettin, Paolo

Water resources research. 2022 Apr., v. 58, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Plant transpiration plays a significant role in the terrestrial cycles, but the spatiotemporal origins of water used by plant remains highly uncertain. Therefore, the missing link to fully characterize the water mass balance, for any control volume ... ...

Abstract	Plant transpiration plays a significant role in the terrestrial cycles, but the spatiotemporal origins of water used by plant remains highly uncertain. Therefore, the missing link to fully characterize the water mass balance, for any control volume including significant vegetated surfaces, is identifying and quantifying the key factors that control the age of water used by plants. Here, we bring together an age‐based (tran‐SAS) and a physically based (HYDRUS‐1D) model contrasting information gleaned from soil, drainage, and xylem samples at stand scale. In particular, we focus on the relative role of advection, dispersion, and root distribution on the age of water uptake and drainage. We suggest that the interplay of advective and dispersive forces, subsumed by the local Péclet number, drives the age composition of drainage even in the case of extreme uptake rates. The vegetation influence on the age of drainage is mainly exerted by diversifying the subsurface transport pathways resulting in large dispersivity and spatial heterogeneity of soil hydraulic parameters. We introduce a uniform‐equivalent root length for vegetation and show that its ratio to the effective size of the subsurface water storage controls the age selection of water uptakes. Our results are suggestive of a route forward toward a general toolbox to upscale mass balance closures for catchments embedding large and diverse plant assemblages.
Keywords	Peclet number ; advection ; drainage ; lysimeters ; research ; soil heterogeneity ; spatial variation ; transpiration ; vegetation ; water ; water storage ; water uptake ; watersheds ; xylem
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
ISSN (online)	1944-7973
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1029/2021WR030698
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: SESTET: A spatially explicit stream temperature model based on equilibrium temperature

Carraro, Luca / Toffolon, Marco / Rinaldo, Andrea / Bertuzzo, Enrico

Hydrological processes. 2020 Jan., v. 34, no. 2

2020

Abstract: Stream‐water temperature is a key variable controlling chemical, biological, and ecological processes in freshwater environments. Most models focus on a single river cross‐section; however, temperature gradients along stretches and tributaries of a river ...

Abstract	Stream‐water temperature is a key variable controlling chemical, biological, and ecological processes in freshwater environments. Most models focus on a single river cross‐section; however, temperature gradients along stretches and tributaries of a river network are crucial to assess ecohydrological features such as aquatic species suitability, growth and feeding rates, or disease transmission. We propose SESTET, a deterministic, spatially explicit stream temperature model for a whole river network, based on water and energy budgets at a reach scale and requiring only commonly available spatially distributed datasets, such as morphology and air temperature, as input. Heat exchange processes at the air–water interface are modelled via the widely used equilibrium temperature concept, whereas the effects of network structure are accounted for through advective heat fluxes. A case study was conducted on the prealpine Wigger river (Switzerland), where water temperatures have been measured in the period 2014–2018 at 11 spatially distributed locations. The results show the advantages of accounting for water and energy budgets at the reach scale for the entire river network, compared with simpler, lumped formulations. Because our approach fundamentally relies on spatially distributed air temperature fields, adequate spatial interpolation techniques that account for the effects of both elevation and thermal inversion in air temperature are key to a successful application of the model. SESTET allows the assessment of the magnitude of the various components of the heat budget at the reach scale and the derivation of reliable estimates of spatial gradients of mean daily stream temperatures for the whole catchment based on a limited number of conveniently located (viz., spanning the largest possible elevation range) measuring stations. Moreover, accounting for mixing processes and advective fluxes through the river network allows one to trust regionalized values of the parameters controlling the relationship between equilibrium and air temperature, a key feature to generalize the model to data‐scarce catchments.
Keywords	air temperature ; case studies ; data collection ; energy ; freshwater ; heat transfer ; hydrologic cycle ; liquid-air interface ; mixing ; models ; rivers ; temperature profiles ; water temperature ; watersheds ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-01
Size	p. 355-369.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1479953-4
ISSN	1099-1085 ; 0885-6087
ISSN (online)	1099-1085
ISSN	0885-6087
DOI	10.1002/hyp.13591
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Transport and Water Age Dynamics in Soils: A Comparative Study of Spatially Integrated and Spatially Explicit Models

Asadollahi, Mitra / Stumpp, Christine / Rinaldo, Andrea / Benettin, Paolo

Water resources research. 2020 Mar., v. 56, no. 3

2020

Abstract: We address transport by transit times (i.e., the age of water parcels leaving a storage as discharge, deep loss, or evapotranspiration) in subvertical soil systems, key to our understanding of water quality in catchments and streams. While the use of ... ...

Abstract	We address transport by transit times (i.e., the age of water parcels leaving a storage as discharge, deep loss, or evapotranspiration) in subvertical soil systems, key to our understanding of water quality in catchments and streams. While the use of field and lysimeter observations to constrain and validate modeling approaches is generally accepted, different views exist on the relative ranges of applicability of spatially integrated or spatially explicit approaches. This study specifically illustrates how one class of spatially integrated models of transport, based on StorAge Selection (SAS) functions, fares with respect to spatially explicit hydrologic models in a case where detailed tracer data from experimental lysimeters exist and for which both approaches are viable. Data from two lysimeters experiments that differ in atmospheric conditions, size of the installation, tracer type, soil texture, and vegetation are used to contrast results from two transport models: tran‐SAS (space implicit) and HYDRUS‐1D (space explicit). Results suggest that although the two lysimeters are characterized by different transit time distributions, their underlying transport mechanisms are similar and represented well by both models. The comparison between the two models results in robust estimates of the transport timescales and clearly shows that percolation fluxes at the bottom of a lysimeter tend to drain the relatively old components of the soil storage. We conclude that the convergence of the approaches in a geomorphologically simple and data‐rich problem supports extensive uses of the spatially integrated approach in cases where the scale of the problem, or subgrid parameterization needs, may limit the applicability of detailed modeling approaches.
Keywords	comparative study ; evapotranspiration ; lysimeters ; research ; soil texture ; vegetation ; water ; water quality
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
ISSN (online)	1944-7973
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1029/2019WR025539
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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