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  1. Article ; Online: Species-specific traits affect bird species' susceptibility to global change.

    Rivas-Salvador, Javier / Reif, Jiři

    Die Naturwissenschaften

    2023  Volume 110, Issue 6, Page(s) 54

    Abstract: The current ecological crisis has risen extinction rates to similar levels of ancient mass extinctions. However, it seems to not be acting uniformly across all species but affecting species differentially. This suggests that species' susceptibility to ... ...

    Abstract The current ecological crisis has risen extinction rates to similar levels of ancient mass extinctions. However, it seems to not be acting uniformly across all species but affecting species differentially. This suggests that species' susceptibility to the extinction process is mediated by specific traits. Since understanding this response mechanism at large scales will benefit conservation effort around the world, we used the IUCN global threat status and population trends of 8281 extant bird species as proxies of the extinction risk to identify the species-specific traits affecting their susceptibility to extinction within the biogeographic regions and at the global scale. Using linear mixed effect models and multinomial models, we related the global threat status and the population trends with the following traits: migratory strategy, habitat and diet specialization, body size, and generation length. According to our results and independently of the proxy used, more vulnerable species are sedentary and have larger body size, longer generation time, and higher degree of habitat specialization. These relationships apply globally and show little variation across biogeographic regions. We suggest that such concordant patterns might be caused either by a widespread occurrence of the same threats such as habitat modification or by a uniform capacity of some traits to reflect the impact of different local threats. Regardless of the cause of this pattern, our study identified the traits that affect species' response capability to the current ecological crisis. Conservation effort should focus on the species with trait values indicating the limited response capacity to overcome this crisis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Climate Change ; Extinction, Biological ; Ecosystem ; Species Specificity ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123257-5
    ISSN 1432-1904 ; 0028-1042
    ISSN (online) 1432-1904
    ISSN 0028-1042
    DOI 10.1007/s00114-023-01883-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 664: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Ui VI 2855: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article: Traits and ecological space availability predict avian densities at the country scale of the Czech Republic.

    Hořák, David / Rivas-Salvador, Javier / Farkač, Jan / Reif, Jiří

    Ecology and evolution

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e9119

    Abstract: Species' geographical distributions and abundances are a central focus of current ecological research. Although multiple studies have been conducted on their elucidation, some important information is still missing. One of them is the knowledge of ... ...

    Abstract Species' geographical distributions and abundances are a central focus of current ecological research. Although multiple studies have been conducted on their elucidation, some important information is still missing. One of them is the knowledge of ecological traits of species responsible for the population density variations across geographical (i.e., total physical area) and ecological spaces (i.e., suitable habitat area). This is crucial for understanding how ecological specialization shapes the geographical distribution of species, and provides key knowledge about the sensitivity of species to current environmental challenges. Here, we precisely describe habitat availability for individual species using fine-scale field data collected across the entire Czech Republic. In the next step, we used this information to test the relationships between bird traits and country-scale estimates of population densities assessed in both geographical and ecological spaces. We did not find any effect of habitat specialization on avian density in geographical space. But when we recalculated densities for ecological space available, we found a positive correlation with habitat specialization. Specialists occur at higher densities in suitable habitats. Moreover, birds with arboreal and hole-nesting strategies showed higher densities in both geographical and ecological spaces. However, we found no significant effects of morphological (body mass and structural body size) and reproductive (position along the slow-fast life-history continuum) traits on avian densities in either geographical or ecological space. Our findings suggest that ecological space availability is a strong determinant of avian abundance and highlight the importance of precise knowledge of species-specific habitat requirements. Revival of this classical but challenging ecological topic of habitat-specific densities is needed for both proper understanding of pure ecological issues and practical steps in the conservation of nature.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.9119
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  3. Article ; Online: Habitat-specific diversity in Central European birds

    Reif, Jiří / Vermouzek, Zdeněk / Voříšek, P. / Romportl, Dušan / Rivas-Salvador, Javier / Morelli, Federico

    Bird Study. 2022 Oct. 02, v. 69, no. 3-4 p.72-82

    2022  

    Abstract: Bird species richness was highest in forest and urban habitat types, lower in grassland and wetland, and lowest in cropland. To investigate bird species richness patterns across different habitat types in Czechia, Central Europe. Data from a national ... ...

    Abstract Bird species richness was highest in forest and urban habitat types, lower in grassland and wetland, and lowest in cropland. To investigate bird species richness patterns across different habitat types in Czechia, Central Europe. Data from a national breeding bird monitoring scheme in Czechia, based on mapping of positions of individual birds along transects, were used to express the number of species in habitat polygons. Each polygon was represented by one of the eight habitat types (coniferous, mixed and deciduous forest, cropland, grassland and other open habitat types, urban habitat, and wetland) obtained by detailed country-wide vegetation mapping. Species richness of individual polygons was related to polygon habitat type and area by linear mixed effects models, taking the surrounding land cover composition into account. Bird species richness was highest in forest, as predicted, and respective forest habitat types did not differ from each other. Urban habitat hosted a similar number of species as forest. Species richness varied greatly between different open habitat types: cropland was the most species-poor of all the habitat types considered, whereas grassland and other types of open habitats hosted significantly more species, albeit fewer than forests, and did not differ from wetland. Slopes of species-area relationships in respective habitat types largely followed the patterns in species richness. The observed patterns are partly driven by natural habitat characteristics, such as high vertical stratification of forest vegetation facilitating coexistence of a higher number of species. However, biogeography may also play a role, for example, and the relatively short time periods for colonization from Eastern European source areas may underpin lower bird species richness in grasslands. In addition, human interventions may drive the steep slope of the species-area relationship in forest, presumably caused by mosaic harvesting, as well as the shallow slope of this relationship in cropland and wetland, as a result of their intensive exploitation.
    Keywords biogeography ; birds ; cropland ; deciduous forests ; forest habitats ; grasslands ; humans ; land cover ; species richness ; wetlands ; Central European region ; Czech Republic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-1002
    Size p. 72-82.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2093767-2
    ISSN 1944-6705 ; 0006-3657
    ISSN (online) 1944-6705
    ISSN 0006-3657
    DOI 10.1080/00063657.2022.2156979
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Spatial patterns in habitat specialization of European bird communities

    Rivas-Salvador, Javier / Hořák, David / Reif, Jiří

    Ecological indicators. 2019 Oct., v. 105

    2019  

    Abstract: The level of habitat specialization is informative in terms of animals’ population status and conservation concern. Therefore, identifying the areas where specialist species are aggregated and understanding the ecological constrains that might shape ... ...

    Abstract The level of habitat specialization is informative in terms of animals’ population status and conservation concern. Therefore, identifying the areas where specialist species are aggregated and understanding the ecological constrains that might shape their distribution has become an important issue. In this sense, we tested whether specialist communities are more likely to succeed in milder and stable environments or in more extreme and less predictable environments. For that purpose, we used data from the EBCC atlas of European breeding birds and for each of 50 × 50 km grid cells calculated community specialization index (CSI). We expressed CSI in two ways: as a mean (CSIMEAN) and a standard deviation (CSISD) across species in a given cell. We used generalized least squares (GLS) models to relate these measures to geographic variables (latitude, longitude and altitude) and climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) across Europe controlling for possible confounding effects of habitat heterogeneity and human-induced land cover conversion. We identified two areas, Scandinavian Peninsula and the steppe regions north of Caucasus, where bird communities are highly specialised. GLS models showed that habitat specialization generally increased with altitude and this pattern was broadly shared by the CSIMEAN and CSISD. Concerning climatic variables, we found that specialist spatial distribution was significantly related to extreme temperatures and lower level of precipitation. Our results thus suggest that European specialist birds are found mostly in strongly seasonal, dry and cold environments. Thereby, preserving these sensible environments from further perturbations might be the key for the specialist conservation.
    Keywords altitude ; birds ; breeding ; climatic factors ; cold zones ; environmental indicators ; habitats ; land cover ; latitude ; least squares ; longitude ; models ; rain ; standard deviation ; steppes ; temperature ; Caucasus region ; Europe
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-10
    Size p. 57-69.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2036774-0
    ISSN 1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
    ISSN (online) 1872-7034
    ISSN 1470-160X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.063
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7436: Show issues

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  5. Article: Assessing the introduction of exotic raptors into the wild from falconry

    Rivas-Salvador, Javier / Aguilera-Alcalá, Natividad / Tella, José L / Carrete, Martina

    Biological invasions. 2021 Apr., v. 23, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: Falconry may constitute a source of exotic species through the escape into the wild of individuals kept in captivity. The introduction of top predators can have important ecological consequences for the recipient community, including genetic pollution ... ...

    Abstract Falconry may constitute a source of exotic species through the escape into the wild of individuals kept in captivity. The introduction of top predators can have important ecological consequences for the recipient community, including genetic pollution through reproduction between falconry hybrids and wild raptors. Here we assessed the introduction of falconry raptors (both native and exotic) into the wild between 2006 and 2018 through reports of lost, stolen and recaptured birds on a website widely used by the falconer community in Spain. Exotics were 60.9% of the 1995 raptors reported as escaped in the wild (mean rate: 76.7 individuals per year) belonging to 33 species (or subspecies not native to the study area) and 27 hybrid morphs. Escapes, which numbers show a quadratic trend along years with maximums between 2010 and 2012, were aggregated in the most populated areas. The main cause of these escapes was the use of defective materials by the falconers. Although people devote much effort to ensuring that their birds are not lost, 64.3% of escaped raptors were unrecovered, and recapture rates were lower for native raptors (29.9%) compared to exotics (39.4%). Harris’s hawk was the most frequently introduced species (i.e., unrecovered), followed by peregrine falcons and hybrids. This study quantifies for the first time the introduction rate of exotic raptors in the wild from falconry and proposes measures to regulate and improve this practice.
    Keywords Internet ; captive animals ; genetic pollution ; hawks ; hybrids ; introduced species ; people ; reproduction ; Spain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-04
    Size p. 1131-1140.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1438729-3
    ISSN 1573-1464 ; 1387-3547
    ISSN (online) 1573-1464
    ISSN 1387-3547
    DOI 10.1007/s10530-020-02425-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7608: Show issues

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