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Article ; Online: A Review of Significant European Foodborne Outbreaks in the Last Decade.

Sarno, Eleonora / Pezzutto, Denise / Rossi, Mirko / Liebana, Ernesto / Rizzi, Valentina

2021 Volume 84, Issue 12, Page(s) 2059–2070

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Disease Outbreaks ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology ; Listeriosis ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	243284-5
ISSN	1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
ISSN (online)	1944-9097
ISSN	0362-028X
DOI	10.4315/JFP-21-096
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Article ; Online: One Health collaboration with and among EU Agencies – Bridging research and policy

Bronzwaer, Stef / Catchpole, Mike / de Coen, Wim / Dingwall, Zoe / Fabbri, Karen / Foltz, Clémence / Ganzleben, Catherine / van Gorcom, Robert / Humphreys, Anthony / Jokelainen, Pikka / Liebana, Ernesto / Rizzi, Valentina / Url, Bernhard

One Health

2022 Volume 15

Abstract: In the coming decade, Europe will dedicate billions of euros to the necessary research and innovation (R&I) to support a transition to safe and sustainable food systems. EU Agencies, individually and even more so collectively, can make a difference in ... ...

Abstract	In the coming decade, Europe will dedicate billions of euros to the necessary research and innovation (R&I) to support a transition to safe and sustainable food systems. EU Agencies, individually and even more so collectively, can make a difference in supporting the European research agenda. EU Agencies are knowledge centres, bringing together know-how to inform policy makers. EU Agencies that have traditionally dealt with aspects of human health, animal health, plant health and ecosystem health in silos, now need to take a broader perspective and move towards a One Health (OH) approach. In this paper, the authors highlight the need for more transdisciplinary cooperation in support of the One Health approach, identify challenges in strengthening interagency cooperation and provide recommendations to address them. EU Agencies are natural bridges between the scientific community and policy-makers and need to dedicate time and effort in fostering this dialogue, e.g. by engaging with relevant initiatives, research projects and European Partnerships. Research generates evidence that can be used also for regulatory science, in support of policy-making. It is urgent to define transdisciplinary research needs and formulate a One Health research agenda. This would be facilitated by establishing transdisciplinary One Health Research & Innovation governance, both at national and EU levels. Ongoing large initiatives, such as the One Health European Joint Programme, have demonstrated that active dialogue with national ministries and EU agencies is beneficial for all parties. Involvement of EU Agencies in the programming of the EU Research Framework programmes is beneficial, because of their regulatory science perspective, their expertise and current or future tasks on research topics. It is timely for EU Agencies to demonstrate leadership in moving the One Health agenda forward and it is encouraging that EU Agencies have committed to establish a cross-agency task force on One Health.
Keywords	Cooperation ; Europe ; Food safety ; One health ; Research ; Risk assessment ; Science-policy-interface
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
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Article ; Online: The egg consumption of the average household in Italy.

Prencipe, Vincenza / Rizzi, Valentina / Giovannini, Armando / Migliorati, Giacomo

Veterinaria italiana

2010 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 301–13, 287–300

Abstract: A survey was conducted over a one-year period by means of telephone interviews with 7 991 Italian households to establish the domestic consumption of eggs, the distribution by source of supply, seasonal variations and storage and preparation methods used. ...

Abstract	A survey was conducted over a one-year period by means of telephone interviews with 7 991 Italian households to establish the domestic consumption of eggs, the distribution by source of supply, seasonal variations and storage and preparation methods used. Eggs are mainly purchased from large retailers (53%), followed by small retailers (25.2%), direct purchase from producers (16%), and local or itinerant markets (5.8%). It was found that 69.9% of households buy packaged eggs; 92% of households store them in the refrigerator, although this percentage varies considerably, according to the type of presentation (packaged or loose) and the number of eggs bought. Italian households mainly eat eggs cooked (48.9%), followed by partly cooked (35.0%) and raw (16.1%).
MeSH term(s)	Eggs/statistics & numerical data ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Italy
Language	Italian
Publishing date	2010-07
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1828-1427
ISSN (online)	1828-1427
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Article ; Online: Guidance on protocol development for EFSA generic scientific assessments.

More, Simon / Bampidis, Vasileios / Benford, Diane / Bragard, Claude / Hernández-Jerez, Antonio / Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard / Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis / Lambré, Claude / Machera, Kyriaki / Mullins, Ewen / Nielsen, Søren Saxmose / Schlatter, Josef / Schrenk, Dieter / Turck, Dominique / Younes, Maged / Kraft, Andrew / Naegeli, Hanspeter / Tsaioun, Katya / Aiassa, Elisa /

Arcella, Davide / Barizzone, Fulvio / Cushen, Maeve / Georgiadis, Marios / Gervelmeyer, Andrea / Lanzoni, Anna / Lenzi, Paolo / Lodi, Federica / Martino, Laura / Messens, Winy / Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa / Rizzi, Valentina / Stancanelli, Giuseppe / Supej, Špela / Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2023 Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) e08312

Abstract: EFSA Strategy 2027 outlines the need for fit-for-purpose protocols for EFSA generic scientific assessments to aid in delivering trustworthy scientific advice. This EFSA Scientific Committee guidance document helps address this need by providing a ... ...

Abstract	EFSA Strategy 2027 outlines the need for fit-for-purpose protocols for EFSA generic scientific assessments to aid in delivering trustworthy scientific advice. This EFSA Scientific Committee guidance document helps address this need by providing a harmonised and flexible framework for developing protocols for EFSA generic assessments. The guidance replaces the 'Draft framework for protocol development for EFSA's scientific assessments' published in 2020. The two main steps in protocol development are described. The first is problem formulation, which illustrates the objectives of the assessment. Here a new approach to translating the mandated Terms of Reference into scientifically answerable assessment questions and sub-questions is proposed: the 'APRIO' paradigm (Agent, Pathway, Receptor, Intervention and Output). Owing to its cross-cutting nature, this paradigm is considered adaptable and broadly applicable within and across the various EFSA domains and, if applied using the definitions given in this guidance, is expected to help harmonise the problem formulation process and outputs and foster consistency in protocol development. APRIO may also overcome the difficulty of implementing some existing frameworks across the multiple EFSA disciplines, e.g. the PICO/PECO approach (Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparator, Outcome). Therefore, although not mandatory, APRIO is recommended. The second step in protocol development is the specification of the evidence needs and the methods that will be applied for answering the assessment questions and sub-questions, including uncertainty analysis. Five possible approaches to answering individual (sub-)questions are outlined: using evidence from scientific literature and study reports; using data from databases other than bibliographic; using expert judgement informally collected or elicited via semi-formal or formal expert knowledge elicitation processes; using mathematical/statistical models; and - not covered in this guidance - generating empirical evidence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8312
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Article: Listeria monocytogenes prevalence, contamination levels and strains characterization throughout the Parma ham processing chain

Prencipe, Vincenza Annunziata / Rizzi, Valentina / Acciari, Vicdalia / Iannetti, Luigi / Giovannini, Armando / Serraino, Andrea / Calderone, Davide / Rossi, Andrea / Morelli, Daniela / Marino, Lucio / Migliorati, Giacomo / Caporale, Vincenzo

Food control. 2012 May, v. 25, no. 1

2012

Abstract: In order to estimate prevalence, levels and patterns of Listeria monocytogenes contamination, a total of 774 swine carcasses were traced along the Parma ham production chain. Analyses were conducted on isolates originated from the same carcass, collected ...

Abstract	In order to estimate prevalence, levels and patterns of Listeria monocytogenes contamination, a total of 774 swine carcasses were traced along the Parma ham production chain. Analyses were conducted on isolates originated from the same carcass, collected at different stages during processing, resulting in 0.2% (faeces at intestine removal from carcasses), 3.0% (swabbing of carcasses), 12.5% (fresh hams) and 2.0% prevalence (dry-cured hams). The highest contamination levels of L. monocytogenes were reached in fresh hams after cutting and were followed by a marked decrease during the subsequent processing stages. All the 132 isolates were characterized by serotyping and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Transfer of L. monocytogenes between different stages of the processing chain was not reported, whereas processing itself has proved to be an important cause of contamination. The sole isolate of fecal origin belonged to a pulsotype that was uncommon to any of those recovered in carcasses, fresh hams and dry-cured hams, indicating that contaminations from farms does not significantly affect Parma ham production. For the majority of the strains isolated from the same production plants, PFGE profiles were highly similar. In several cases, the same pulsotypes were recurrently detected, over time, in carcasses and fresh ham samples sharing the same processing environment. Aw levels were also measured, showing that drying of the ham surface was able to induce a considerable decrease of the contamination levels, although unable to ultimately remove L. monocytogenes.
Keywords	Listeria monocytogenes ; cutting ; drying ; farms ; feces ; ham ; intestines ; pig carcasses ; processing stages ; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-05
Size	p. 150-158.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1027805-9
ISSN	0956-7135
ISSN	0956-7135
DOI	10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.10.018
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Salmonellosis outbreak with novel

Meinen, Anika / Simon, Sandra / Banerji, Sangeeta / Szabo, Istvan / Malorny, Burkhard / Borowiak, Maria / Hadziabdic, Sead / Becker, Natalie / Luber, Petra / Lohr, Dorothee / Harms, Carolin / Plenge-Bönig, Anita / Mellou, Kassiani / Mandilara, Georgia / Mossong, Joël / Ragimbeau, Catherine / Weicherding, Pierre / Hau, Patrick / Dědičová, Daniela /

Šafaříková, Lucie / Nair, Satheesh / Dallman, Timothy J / Larkin, Lesley / McCormick, Jacquelyn / De Pinna, Elizabeth / Severi, Ettore / Kotila, Saara / Niskanen, Taina / Rizzi, Valentina / Deserio, Domenico / Flieger, Antje / Stark, Klaus

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

2019 Volume 24, Issue 36

Abstract: In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously ... ...

Abstract	In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously undescribed
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology ; Salmonella enterica/classification ; Salmonella enterica/genetics ; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification ; Serogroup ; Serotyping ; Sesamum/microbiology ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-22
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1338803-4
ISSN	1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
ISSN (online)	1560-7917
ISSN	1025-496X
DOI	10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.36.1800543
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Article ; Online: An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study.

Pijnacker, Roan / Dallman, Timothy J / Tijsma, Aloys S L / Hawkins, Gillian / Larkin, Lesley / Kotila, Saara M / Amore, Giusi / Amato, Ettore / Suzuki, Pamina M / Denayer, Sarah / Klamer, Sofieke / Pászti, Judit / McCormick, Jacquelyn / Hartman, Hassan / Hughes, Gareth J / Brandal, Lin C T / Brown, Derek / Mossong, Joël / Jernberg, Cecilia /

Müller, Luise / Palm, Daniel / Severi, Ettore / Gołębiowska, Joannna / Hunjak, Blaženka / Owczarek, Slawomir / Le Hello, Simon / Garvey, Patricia / Mooijman, Kirsten / Friesema, Ingrid H M / van der Weijden, Coen / van der Voort, Menno / Rizzi, Valentina / Franz, Eelco

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2019 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 778–786

Abstract: Background: Salmonella spp are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe. We investigated a large multi-country outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA).: Methods: A confirmed case was ... ...

Abstract	Background: Salmonella spp are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe. We investigated a large multi-country outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA). Methods: A confirmed case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed infection with the outbreak strains of S Enteritidis based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), occurring between May 1, 2015, and Oct 31, 2018. A probable case was defined as laboratory-confirmed infection with S Enteritidis with the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis outbreak profile. Multi-country epidemiological, trace-back, trace-forward, and environmental investigations were done. We did a case-control study including confirmed and probable cases and controls randomly sampled from the population registry (frequency matched by age, sex, and postal code). Odds ratios (ORs) for exposure rates between cases and controls were calculated with unmatched univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Findings: 18 EU and EEA countries reported 838 confirmed and 371 probable cases. 509 (42%) cases were reported in 2016, after which the number of cases steadily increased. The case-control study results showed that cases more often ate in food establishments than did controls (OR 3·4 [95% CI 1·6-7·3]), but no specific food item was identified. Recipe-based food trace-back investigations among cases who ate in food establishments identified eggs from Poland as the vehicle of infection in October, 2016. Phylogenetic analysis identified two strains of S Enteritidis in human cases that were subsequently identified in salmonella-positive eggs and primary production premises in Poland, confirming the source of the outbreak. After control measures were implemented, the number of cases decreased, but increased again in March, 2017, and the increase continued into 2018. Interpretation: This outbreak highlights the public health value of multi-country sharing of epidemiological, trace-back, and microbiological data. The re-emergence of cases suggests that outbreak strains have continued to enter the food chain, although changes in strain population dynamics and fewer cases indicate that control measures had some effect. Routine use of WGS in salmonella surveillance and outbreak response promises to identify and stop outbreaks in the future. Funding: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, European Commission; and National Public Health and Food Safety Institutes of the authors' countries (see Acknowledgments for full list).
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Eggs/microbiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poland ; Salmonella Food Poisoning/diagnosis ; Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology ; Salmonella Food Poisoning/microbiology ; Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification ; Serogroup ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30047-7
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Article ; Online: Hazard analysis approaches for certain small retail establishments in view of the application of their food safety management systems.

Ricci, Antonia / Chemaly, Marianne / Davies, Robert / Fernández Escámez, Pablo Salvador / Girones, Rosina / Herman, Lieve / Lindqvist, Roland / Nørrung, Birgit / Robertson, Lucy / Ru, Giuseppe / Simmons, Marion / Skandamis, Panagiotis / Snary, Emma / Speybroeck, Niko / Ter Kuile, Benno / Threlfall, John / Wahlström, Helene / Allende, Ana / Barregård, Lars /

Jacxsens, Liesbeth / Koutsoumanis, Kostas / Sanaa, Moez / Varzakas, Theo / Baert, Katleen / Hempen, Michaela / Rizzi, Valentina / Van der Stede, Yves / Bolton, Declan

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2017 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e04697

Abstract: Under current European hygiene legislation, food businesses are obliged to develop and implement food safety management systems (FSMS) including prerequisite programme (PRP) activities and hazard analysis and critical control point principles. This ... ...

Abstract	Under current European hygiene legislation, food businesses are obliged to develop and implement food safety management systems (FSMS) including prerequisite programme (PRP) activities and hazard analysis and critical control point principles. This requirement is especially challenging for small food retail establishments, where a lack of expertise and other resources may limit the development and implementation of effective FSMS. In this opinion, a simplified approach to food safety management is developed and presented based on a fundamental understanding of processing stages (flow diagram) and the activities contributing to increased occurrence of the hazards (biological, chemical (including allergens) or physical) that may occur. The need to understand and apply hazard or risk ranking within the hazard analysis is removed and control is achieved using PRP activities as recently described in the European Commission Notice 2016/C278, but with the addition of a PRP activity covering 'product information and customer awareness'. Where required, critical limits, monitoring and record keeping are also included. Examples of the simplified approach are presented for five types of retail establishments: butcher, grocery, bakery, fish and ice cream shop.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4697
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Article ; Online: Public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food-borne pathogen.

Ricci, Antonia / Allende, Ana / Bolton, Declan / Chemaly, Marianne / Davies, Robert / Fernandez Escamez, Pablo Salvador / Herman, Lieve / Koutsoumanis, Kostas / Lindqvist, Roland / Nørrung, Birgit / Robertson, Lucy / Ru, Giuseppe / Sanaa, Moez / Simmons, Marion / Skandamis, Panagiotis / Snary, Emma / Speybroeck, Niko / Ter Kuile, Benno / Threlfall, John /

Wahlström, Helene / Di Bartolo, Ilaria / Johne, Reimar / Pavio, Nicole / Rutjes, Saskia / van der Poel, Wim / Vasickova, Petra / Hempen, Michaela / Messens, Winy / Rizzi, Valentina / Latronico, Francesca / Girones, Rosina

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2017 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e04886

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important infection in humans in EU/EEA countries, and over the last 10 years more than 21,000 acute clinical cases with 28 fatalities have been notified with an overall 10-fold increase in reported HEV cases; the majority ( ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important infection in humans in EU/EEA countries, and over the last 10 years more than 21,000 acute clinical cases with 28 fatalities have been notified with an overall 10-fold increase in reported HEV cases; the majority (80%) of cases were reported from France, Germany and the UK. However, as infection in humans is not notifiable in all Member States, and surveillance differs between countries, the number of reported cases is not comparable and the true number of cases would probably be higher. Food-borne transmission of HEV appears to be a major route in Europe; pigs and wild boars are the main source of HEV. Outbreaks and sporadic cases have been identified in immune-competent persons as well as in recognised risk groups such as those with pre-existing liver damage, immunosuppressive illness or receiving immunosuppressive treatments. The opinion reviews current methods for the detection, identification, characterisation and tracing of HEV in food-producing animals and foods, reviews literature on HEV reservoirs and food-borne pathways, examines information on the epidemiology of HEV and its occurrence and persistence in foods, and investigates possible control measures along the food chain. Presently, the only efficient control option for HEV infection from consumption of meat, liver and products derived from animal reservoirs is sufficient heat treatment. The development of validated quantitative and qualitative detection methods, including infectivity assays and consensus molecular typing protocols, is required for the development of quantitative microbial risk assessments and efficient control measures. More research on the epidemiology and control of HEV in pig herds is required in order to minimise the proportion of pigs that remain viraemic or carry high levels of virus in intestinal contents at the time of slaughter. Consumption of raw pig, wild boar and deer meat products should be avoided.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4886
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Article ; Online: Salmonellosis outbreak with novel Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype (11:z41:e,n,z15) attributable to sesame products in five European countries, 2016 to 2017

Šafaříková, Lucie / Nair, Satheesh / Dallman, Timothy J. / Larkin, Lesley / McCormick, Jacquelyn / De Pinna, Elizabeth / Severi, Ettore / Kotila, Saara / Niskanen, Taina / Rizzi, Valentina / Deserio, Domenico / Flieger, Antje / Stark, Klaus

2019

Abstract: In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously undescribed Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serotype (antigenic formula 11:z41:e,n,z15) via the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food- and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses ( ...

Abstract	In spring 2016, Greece reported an outbreak caused by a previously undescribed Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serotype (antigenic formula 11:z41:e,n,z15) via the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food- and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses (EPIS-FWD), with epidemiological evidence for sesame products as presumptive vehicle. Subsequently, Germany, Czech Republic, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom (UK) reported infections with this novel serotype via EPIS-FWD. Concerned countries in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted a common outbreak case definition. An outbreak case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed notification of the novel Salmonella serotype. Between March 2016 and April 2017, 47 outbreak cases were notified (Greece: n = 22; Germany: n = 13; Czech Republic: n = 5; Luxembourg: n = 4; UK: n = 3). Whole genome sequencing revealed the very close genetic relatedness of isolates from all affected countries. Interviews focusing on sesame product consumption, suspicious food item testing and trace-back analysis following Salmonella spp. detection in food products identified a company in Greece where sesame seeds from different countries were processed. Through European collaboration, it was possible to identify and recall sesame spread as one contaminated food item serving as vehicle of infection and trace it back to its origin. Peer Reviewed
Keywords	Salmonella ; Salmonella Vari ; food-borne infections ; outbreaks ; salmonellosis ; sesame ; 610 Medizin und Gesundheit ; ddc:610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-05
Publisher	Robert Koch-Institut
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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