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  1. Article ; Online: Manipulating regulatory focus in cigarette smokers.

    Friedman-Wheeler, Dara G / Rizzo-Busack, Hilda / McIntosh, Elizabeth / Ahrens, Anthony H / Haaga, David A F

    Addictive behaviors

    2010  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 530–532

    Abstract: Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) may help to address the issue of motivation in cigarette smoking cessation. RFT suggests that individuals may be motivated to approach desired end-states (e.g., improved lung capacity) and/or avoid undesired ... ...

    Abstract Regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997) may help to address the issue of motivation in cigarette smoking cessation. RFT suggests that individuals may be motivated to approach desired end-states (e.g., improved lung capacity) and/or avoid undesired end-states (e.g., illness). These motivations are referred to as promotion focus, in which people attempt to achieve their aspirations, and prevention focus, in which people are motivated to live up to responsibilities. According to RFT, smoking-related messages framed to match an individual's regulatory focus should be more effective than those that do not match. The current study attempted to prime promotion and prevention focus in a sample of cigarette smokers, to determine if priming impacts memory for smoking-related narratives. We expected that participants in the promotion-focus condition would outperform those in the prevention-focus condition on recall of materials reflecting approach strategies, whereas those in the prevention-focus condition would score better on recall of vignettes depicting avoidance. This hypothesis was not supported. There was, however, a significant interaction between participants' recall of vignettes depicting smoking vs. abstaining and approach vs. avoidance strategies, such that participants recalled smoking vignettes better when the described-person's goal was smoking to avoid an undesired state and recalled abstaining vignettes better when the target's goal was to approach a desired state. Further research into how regulatory focus theory may apply to adult cigarette smokers is warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Smoking/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 197618-7
    ISSN 1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
    ISSN (online) 1873-6327
    ISSN 0306-4603
    DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Association of common genetic variants in GPCPD1 with scaling of visual cortical surface area in humans.

    Bakken, Trygve E / Roddey, J Cooper / Djurovic, Srdjan / Akshoomoff, Natacha / Amaral, David G / Bloss, Cinnamon S / Casey, B J / Chang, Linda / Ernst, Thomas M / Gruen, Jeffrey R / Jernigan, Terry L / Kaufmann, Walter E / Kenet, Tal / Kennedy, David N / Kuperman, Joshua M / Murray, Sarah S / Sowell, Elizabeth R / Rimol, Lars M / Mattingsdal, Morten /
    Melle, Ingrid / Agartz, Ingrid / Andreassen, Ole A / Schork, Nicholas J / Dale, Anders M / Weiner, Michael / Aisen, Paul / Petersen, Ronald / Jack, Clifford R / Jagust, William / Trojanowki, John Q / Toga, Arthur W / Beckett, Laurel / Green, Robert C / Saykin, Andrew J / Morris, John / Liu, Enchi / Montine, Tom / Gamst, Anthony / Thomas, Ronald G / Donohue, Michael / Walter, Sarah / Gessert, Devon / Sather, Tamie / Harvey, Danielle / Kornak, John / Dale, Anders / Bernstein, Matthew / Felmlee, Joel / Fox, Nick / Thompson, Paul / Schuff, Norbert / Alexander, Gene / DeCarli, Charles / Bandy, Dan / Koeppe, Robert A / Foster, Norm / Reiman, Eric M / Chen, Kewei / Mathis, Chet / Cairns, Nigel J / Taylor-Reinwald, Lisa / Trojanowki, J Q / Shaw, Les / Lee, Virginia M Y / Korecka, Magdalena / Crawford, Karen / Neu, Scott / Foroud, Tatiana M / Potkin, Steven / Shen, Li / Kachaturian, Zaven / Frank, Richard / Snyder, Peter J / Molchan, Susan / Kaye, Jeffrey / Quinn, Joseph / Lind, Betty / Dolen, Sara / Schneider, Lon S / Pawluczyk, Sonia / Spann, Bryan M / Brewer, James / Vanderswag, Helen / Heidebrink, Judith L / Lord, Joanne L / Johnson, Kris / Doody, Rachelle S / Villanueva-Meyer, Javier / Chowdhury, Munir / Stern, Yaakov / Honig, Lawrence S / Bell, Karen L / Morris, John C / Ances, Beau / Carroll, Maria / Leon, Sue / Mintun, Mark A / Schneider, Stacy / Marson, Daniel / Griffith, Randall / Clark, David / Grossman, Hillel / Mitsis, Effie / Romirowsky, Aliza / deToledo-Morrell, Leyla / Shah, Raj C / Duara, Ranjan / Varon, Daniel / Roberts, Peggy / Albert, Marilyn / Onyike, Chiadi / Kielb, Stephanie / Rusinek, Henry / de Leon, Mony J / Glodzik, Lidia / De Santi, Susan / Doraiswamy, P Murali / Petrella, Jeffrey R / Coleman, R Edward / Arnold, Steven E / Karlawish, Jason H / Wolk, David / Smith, Charles D / Jicha, Greg / Hardy, Peter / Lopez, Oscar L / Oakley, MaryAnn / Simpson, Donna M / Porsteinsson, Anton P / Goldstein, Bonnie S / Martin, Kim / Makino, Kelly M / Ismail, M Saleem / Brand, Connie / Mulnard, Ruth A / Thai, Gaby / Mc-Adams-Ortiz, Catherine / Womack, Kyle / Mathews, Dana / Quiceno, Mary / Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon / King, Richard / Weiner, Myron / Martin-Cook, Kristen / DeVous, Michael / Levey, Allan I / Lah, James J / Cellar, Janet S / Burns, Jeffrey M / Anderson, Heather S / Swerdlow, Russell H / Apostolova, Liana / Lu, Po H / Bartzokis, George / Silverman, Daniel H S / Graff-Radford, Neill R / Parfitt, Francine / Johnson, Heather / Farlow, Martin R / Hake, Ann Marie / Matthews, Brandy R / Herring, Scott / van Dyck, Christopher H / Carson, Richard E / MacAvoy, Martha G / Chertkow, Howard / Bergman, Howard / Hosein, Chris / Black, Sandra / Stefanovic, Bojana / Caldwell, Curtis / Ging-Yuek / Hsiung, Robin / Feldman, Howard / Mudge, Benita / Assaly, Michele / Kertesz, Andrew / Rogers, John / Trost, Dick / Bernick, Charles / Munic, Donna / Kerwin, Diana / Mesulam, Marek-Marsel / Lipowski, Kristina / Wu, Chuang-Kuo / Johnson, Nancy / Sadowsky, Carl / Martinez, Walter / Villena, Teresa / Turner, Raymond Scott / Johnson, Kathleen / Reynolds, Brigid / Sperling, Reisa A / Johnson, Keith A / Marshall, Gad / Frey, Meghan / Yesavage, Jerome / Taylor, Joy L / Lane, Barton / Rosen, Allyson / Tinklenberg, Jared / Sabbagh, Marwan / Belden, Christine / Jacobson, Sandra / Kowall, Neil / Killiany, Ronald / Budson, Andrew E / Norbash, Alexander / Johnson, Patricia Lynn / Obisesan, Thomas O / Wolday, Saba / Bwayo, Salome K / Lerner, Alan / Hudson, Leon / Ogrocki, Paula / Fletcher, Evan / Carmichael, Owen / Olichney, John / Kittur, Smita / Borrie, Michael / Lee, T-Y / Bartha, Rob / Johnson, Sterling / Asthana, Sanjay / Carlsson, Cynthia M / Potkin, Steven G / Preda, Adrian / Nguyen, Dana / Tariot, Pierre / Fleisher, Adam / Reeder, Stephanie / Bates, Vernice / Capote, Horacio / Rainka, Michelle / Scharre, Douglas W / Kataki, Maria / Zimmerman, Earl A / Celmins, Dzintra / Brown, Alice D / Pearlson, Godfrey D / Blank, Karen / Anderson, Karen / Santulli, Robert B / Schwartz, Eben S / Sink, Kaycee M / Williamson, Jeff D / Garg, Pradeep / Watkins, Franklin / Ott, Brian R / Querfurth, Henry / Tremont, Geoffrey / Salloway, Stephen / Malloy, Paul / Correia, Stephen / Rosen, Howard J / Miller, Bruce L / Mintzer, Jacobo / Longmire, Crystal Flynn / Spicer, Kenneth / Finger, Elizabether / Rachinsky, Irina / Drost, Dick / Jernigan, Terry / McCabe, Connor / Grant, Ellen / Ernst, Thomas / Kuperman, Josh / Chung, Yoon / Murray, Sarah / Bloss, Cinnamon / Darst, Burcu / Pritchett, Lexi / Saito, Ashley / Amaral, David / DiNino, Mishaela / Eyngorina, Bella / Sowell, Elizabeth / Houston, Suzanne / Soderberg, Lindsay / Kaufmann, Walter / van Zijl, Peter / Rizzo-Busack, Hilda / Javid, Mohsin / Mehta, Natasha / Ruberry, Erika / Powers, Alisa / Rosen, Bruce / Gebhard, Nitzah / Manigan, Holly / Frazier, Jean / Kennedy, David / Yakutis, Lauren / Hill, Michael / Gruen, Jeffrey / Bosson-Heenan, Joan / Carlson, Heatherly

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2012  Volume 109, Issue 10, Page(s) 3985–3990

    Abstract: Visual cortical surface area varies two- to threefold between human individuals, is highly heritable, and has been correlated with visual acuity and visual perception. However, it is still largely unknown what specific genetic and environmental factors ... ...

    Abstract Visual cortical surface area varies two- to threefold between human individuals, is highly heritable, and has been correlated with visual acuity and visual perception. However, it is still largely unknown what specific genetic and environmental factors contribute to normal variation in the area of visual cortex. To identify SNPs associated with the proportional surface area of visual cortex, we performed a genome-wide association study followed by replication in two independent cohorts. We identified one SNP (rs6116869) that replicated in both cohorts and had genome-wide significant association (P(combined) = 3.2 × 10(-8)). Furthermore, a metaanalysis of imputed SNPs in this genomic region identified a more significantly associated SNP (rs238295; P = 6.5 × 10(-9)) that was in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs6116869. These SNPs are located within 4 kb of the 5' UTR of GPCPD1, glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GDE1 homolog (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which in humans, is more highly expressed in occipital cortex compared with the remainder of cortex than 99.9% of genes genome-wide. Based on these findings, we conclude that this common genetic variation contributes to the proportional area of human visual cortex. We suggest that identifying genes that contribute to normal cortical architecture provides a first step to understanding genetic mechanisms that underlie visual perception.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex/pathology
    Chemical Substances Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.4.-) ; glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.2) ; glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.46)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1105829109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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