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Article ; Online: Genetic determinants of liking and intake of coffee and other bitter foods and beverages

Marilyn C. Cornelis / Rob M. van Dam

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Coffee is a widely consumed beverage that is naturally bitter and contains caffeine. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coffee drinking have identified genetic variants involved in caffeine-related pathways but not in taste perception. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Coffee is a widely consumed beverage that is naturally bitter and contains caffeine. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coffee drinking have identified genetic variants involved in caffeine-related pathways but not in taste perception. The taste of coffee can be altered by addition of milk/sweetener, which has not been accounted for in GWAS. Using UK and US cohorts, we test the hypotheses that genetic variants related to taste are more strongly associated with consumption of black coffee than with consumption of coffee with milk or sweetener and that genetic variants related to caffeine pathways are not differentially associated with the type of coffee consumed independent of caffeine content. Contrary to our hypotheses, genetically inferred caffeine sensitivity was more strongly associated with coffee taste preferences than with genetically inferred bitter taste perception. These findings extended to tea and dark chocolate. Taste preferences and physiological caffeine effects intertwine in a way that is difficult to distinguish for individuals which may represent conditioned taste preferences.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in East Asian Populations

Rob M. van Dam

Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 106-

Do Healthy Patterns of Consumption Exist?

2018 Volume 107

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Japan Epidemiological Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Longitudinal Associations of Marital, Parenting, and Employment Transitions with Weight Gain in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Aged 21 Years and Above

Clare Whitton / Yvonne Hui Min Wong / Rob M. van Dam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 8115, p

2021 Volume 8115

Abstract: Identifying when most weight gain occurs throughout the life course can inform targeted public health interventions. We evaluated the association of childbirth, marriage, and employment changes with weight changes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. ... ...

Abstract	Identifying when most weight gain occurs throughout the life course can inform targeted public health interventions. We evaluated the association of childbirth, marriage, and employment changes with weight changes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort participants ≥21 years ( n = 9655) who identified as ethnic Chinese, Malay, or Indian were weighed and interviewed about marital status, employment, and number of children at baseline and after about four years. We used multivariable regression to evaluate life transitions in relation to weight change and major gain (≥5 kg), and adjusted for socio-demographic covariates. Weight gain was 3.55 kg (95% CI 3.17, 3.94) higher in young adults (21–30 years) compared with participants older than 60 years at baseline. Getting married was associated with weight gain in women, but not men ( p interaction < 0.01). Women who got married gained 1.63 kg (95% CI 0.88, 2.38) more weight and were more likely to gain ≥5 kg (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.35, 2.93) than those remaining unmarried. Having children was not associated with weight gain. Only among ethnic Indians, remaining a homemaker was associated with less weight gain than remaining employed. In this multi-ethnic Asian population, obesity prevention efforts should target young adulthood and, in women, the transition into marriage.
Keywords	life span ; weight gain ; multi-ethnic ; Asian ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality

Seaw Jia Liew, PhD, MEng / Nicholas A. Petrunoff, PhD / Nithya Neelakantan, PhD / Rob M. van Dam, PhD / Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, MBBS, MSc, MD

AJPM Focus, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 100054- (2023)

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2023

Abstract: Introduction: This review synthesized evidence from prospective cohort studies on the association of device-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among adults. Methods: Five databases were ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: This review synthesized evidence from prospective cohort studies on the association of device-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among adults. Methods: Five databases were searched from 2000 through April 29, 2020. Study quality was appraised using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Pooled hazard ratio and 95% CI were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses by age and sex were conducted for studies on all-cause mortality. Results: Of 29 articles included in the systematic review, 5 studies on cardiovascular disease mortality and 15 studies on all-cause mortality were included in meta-analyses. Comparing the highest with the lowest exposure categories, the pooled hazard ratios (95% CIs) for cardiovascular disease mortality were 0.29 (CI=0.18, 0.47) for total physical activity, 0.37 (CI=0.25, 0.55) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 0.62 (0.41–0.93) for light physical activity, and 1.89 (CI=1.09, 3.29) for sedentary behavior. The pooled hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 0.42 (CI=0.34, 0.53) for total physical activity, 0.43 (CI=0.35, 0.53) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 0.58 (CI=0.43, 0.80) for light physical activity, and 1.58 (CI=1.19, 2.09) for sedentary behavior. The pooled hazard ratio (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 0.35 (CI=0.29, 0.42) for steps per day, but the studies available for analysis were conducted in older adults. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with the main results. Discussion: Rapidly accumulating evidence suggests that more physical activity and less sedentary behavior are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Similar beneficial relationships were found for step counts and all-cause mortality among older adults. Future studies employing standardized research methodologies and up-to-date data processing approaches are warranted to recommend specific amounts of physical activity and limits to ...
Keywords	Physical activity ; sedentary behavior ; step count ; review ; meta-analysis ; cohort study ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A qualitative study on negative experiences of social media use and harm reduction strategies among youths in a multi-ethnic Asian society

Ellaisha Samari / Sherilyn Chang / Esmond Seow / Yi Chian Chua / Mythily Subramaniam / Rob M. van Dam / Nan Luo / Swapna Verma / Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to expand and inform the emerging body of research on the negative experiences of social media use among youths and how youths deal with them, in an Asian setting, using a qualitative approach. Methods Data were collected using ... ...

Abstract	Purpose This study aimed to expand and inform the emerging body of research on the negative experiences of social media use among youths and how youths deal with them, in an Asian setting, using a qualitative approach. Methods Data were collected using 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 25 semi-structured interviews (SIs) among youths aged 15 to 24 years residing in Singapore who were recruited via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The salient negative effects mentioned by participants include the development of negative reactions and feelings from upward comparisons with others (e.g., others’ achievements and lifestyle), receiving hurtful comments, exposure to controversial content (e.g., political events and social movements), as well as the perpetuation of negative feelings, behaviours, and sentiments (e.g., rumination, unhealthy eating behaviour, and self-harm). Participants also described strategies which they have employed or deemed to be useful in mitigating the negative effects of social media use. These include filtering content and users, taking breaks from social media, cognitive reframing, and self-affirmation, where they identify and change stress-inducing patterns of thinking by setting realistic social, physical, and lifestyle expectations for themselves, and focusing on self-development. Conclusion The current results highlight that while youths experience negative effects of social media use, they have high media literacy and have employed strategies that appear to mitigate the negative effects of social media use. The findings can inform various stakeholders involved in helping youths navigate the harms of social media use or provide directions for intervention studies aimed at reducing the harms of social media use.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A qualitative study on negative experiences of social media use and harm reduction strategies among youths in a multi-ethnic Asian society.

Ellaisha Samari / Sherilyn Chang / Esmond Seow / Yi Chian Chua / Mythily Subramaniam / Rob M van Dam / Nan Luo / Swapna Verma / Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e

2022 Volume 0277928

Abstract	Purpose This study aimed to expand and inform the emerging body of research on the negative experiences of social media use among youths and how youths deal with them, in an Asian setting, using a qualitative approach. Methods Data were collected using 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 25 semi-structured interviews (SIs) among youths aged 15 to 24 years residing in Singapore who were recruited via purposive sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The salient negative effects mentioned by participants include the development of negative reactions and feelings from upward comparisons with others (e.g., others' achievements and lifestyle), receiving hurtful comments, exposure to controversial content (e.g., political events and social movements), as well as the perpetuation of negative feelings, behaviours, and sentiments (e.g., rumination, unhealthy eating behaviour, and self-harm). Participants also described strategies which they have employed or deemed to be useful in mitigating the negative effects of social media use. These include filtering content and users, taking breaks from social media, cognitive reframing, and self-affirmation, where they identify and change stress-inducing patterns of thinking by setting realistic social, physical, and lifestyle expectations for themselves, and focusing on self-development. Conclusion The current results highlight that while youths experience negative effects of social media use, they have high media literacy and have employed strategies that appear to mitigate the negative effects of social media use. The findings can inform various stakeholders involved in helping youths navigate the harms of social media use or provide directions for intervention studies aimed at reducing the harms of social media use.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Association of Different Types of Leisure Time Physical Activities with Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Singapore—Findings from the Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study

Falk Müller-Riemenschneider / Yueheng Hong / Kristin Hui Xian Tan / Rob M. van Dam / Léonie Uijtdewilligen

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 9030, p

2020 Volume 9030

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) subtypes and cardiometabolic outcomes in the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC). Self-reported data on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors , LTPA subtypes, ... ...

Abstract	The study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) subtypes and cardiometabolic outcomes in the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC). Self-reported data on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors , LTPA subtypes, and health screening data on body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-and LDL cholesterol were collected. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used adjusting for confounders. The mean age of 9768 participants was 45.2 ± 12.5 years (57.3% female, 47.3% Chinese, 26.0% Malay, and 26.8% Indians). Overall, 65.8% engaged in LTPA, and walking, strength/fitness and running were most common. Higher total LTPA was associated with lower WC, DBP, TG, a trend towards lower BMI, and higher SBP and HDL. Running was beneficially associated with all outcomes except for SBP and LDL. Balance exercises (BMI, SBP and DBP), cycling (BMI, WC and HDL), and strength/fitness (BMI, WC, TG and HDL) were also favorably associated with a number of outcomes, whereas ball games (DBP and TG), dancing (HDL) and other LTPA (DBP) were only favorably associated with selected outcomes. Unfavorable associations were found for total LTPA (SBP), strength/fitness (SBP), golf (DBP) and swimming (BMI and WC). Further research is warranted to inform future health promotion efforts.
Keywords	exercise ; observational study ; body-mass index ; hypertension ; lipids ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Associations of park access, park use and physical activity in parks with wellbeing in an Asian urban environment

Nicholas A. Petrunoff / Ng Xian Yi / Borame Dickens / Angelia Sia / Joel Koo / Alex R. Cook / Wee Hwee Lin / Lu Ying / Ann W. Hsing / Rob M. van Dam / Falk Müller-Riemenschneider

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a cross-sectional study

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Background Relationships between park access, park use, and wellbeing remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) perceived and objective park access in relation to park use and physical activity in parks; and; ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Relationships between park access, park use, and wellbeing remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) perceived and objective park access in relation to park use and physical activity in parks; and; (2) perceived and objective park access, park use and physical activity in parks and their associations with wellbeing. Methods An interviewer-assisted survey collected data on perceived time to walk to parks, park use time, park physical activity time and wellbeing (using a scale containing nine domains) amongst adult participants of the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Geospatial maps of parks and the “walkable” street networks were created for the city-state of Singapore to objectively determine distances to accessible points on park boundaries. Multiple linear regression models estimated the importance of park access to park use and associations of park access and park use with wellbeing, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Participants’ (n = 3435) average age was 48.8 years (SD, 12.8), 44.8% were male and 72.6% were of Chinese ethnicity. Better perceived but not true park access was significantly associated with greater park use. Park access (perceived or true) was not associated with physical activity time in parks. Greater participant park time and physical activity time in parks were associated with higher wellbeing scores (p < 0.001). The differences in wellbeing scores between the reference groups, who spent negligible time in parks, and the highest quartiles of time in parks (10.8 h/month) and physical activity in parks (8.3 h/month) were 3.2 (95% CI 2.1–4.4) and 4.2 (95% CI 4.1–6.3) points out of 100 respectively. These associations were similar for most domains of wellbeing, with clear dose-response relationships. Conclusions While perceived park access was strongly associated with park use and well-being, true park access was not, and neither park access measure was associated with park physical activity. Future studies could investigate ...
Keywords	Parks ; Urban green space ; Park access ; Park use ; Physical activity ; Wellbeing ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	710 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Religious Affiliation in Relation to Positive Mental Health and Mental Disorders in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar / Niyanta Choudhary / Siow Ann Chong / Fiona Devi Siva Kumar / Edimansyah Abdin / Saleha Shafie / Boon Yiang Chua / Rob M. van Dam / Mythily Subramaniam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3368, p

2021 Volume 3368

Abstract: Background: This study investigated association of religious affiliation with positive mental health (PMH) and mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2270 adults was conducted in Singapore. Participants reported their religious ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study investigated association of religious affiliation with positive mental health (PMH) and mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 2270 adults was conducted in Singapore. Participants reported their religious affiliation to Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Taoism, or other religions. A PMH instrument measured total PMH and six subcomponents: general coping (GC), emotional support (ES), spirituality (S), interpersonal skills (IS), personal growth and autonomy (PGA), and global affect (GA). Lifetime history of mental disorders was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Total PMH (mean ± SD) was 4.56 ± 0.66 for participants with any religion versus 4.12 ± 0.63 ( p = 0.002) in those without any religion. After adjustment for all potential confounders, the mean difference in total PMH between these groups was 0.348 (95% CI: 0.248–0.448). Having any religion was significantly associated with higher scores for S, GC, ES, IS, but not with PGA, GA or mental disorders. Compared with individuals without any religion, total PMH and S levels were significantly higher across all religions. Additionally, Christianity was significantly associated with higher ES, Taoism with higher GC, Buddhism and Islam with higher GC, ES and IS, Hinduism with higher IS and Sikhism with higher ES and IS. Conclusion: Our results indicate that religious affiliation is significantly associated with higher PMH, but not with mental disorders in an Asian community setting. In addition, different religions showed unique patterns of association with PMH subcomponents.
Keywords	Christianity ; Composite International Diagnostic Interview ; eastern religions ; emotional support ; interpersonal skills ; personal growth and autonomy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	200
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Advancing understanding of dietary and movement behaviours in an Asian population through real-time monitoring

Sarah Martine Edney / Su Hyun Park / Linda Tan / Xin Hui Chua / Borame Sue Lee Dickens / Salome A Rebello / Nick Petrunoff / Andre Matthias Müller / Chuen Seng Tan / Falk Müller-Riemenschneider / Rob M van Dam

Digital Health, Vol

Protocol of the Continuous Observations of Behavioural Risk Factors in Asia study (COBRA)

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Background Modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including eating an unhealthy diet and being physically inactive, are influenced by complex and dynamic interactions between people and their social and physical environment. Therefore, ... ...

Abstract	Background Modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases, including eating an unhealthy diet and being physically inactive, are influenced by complex and dynamic interactions between people and their social and physical environment. Therefore, understanding patterns and determinants of these risk factors as they occur in real life is essential to enable the design of precision public health interventions. Objective This paper describes the protocol for the Continuous Observations of Behavioural Risk Factors in Asia study (COBRA). The study uses real-time data capture methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of eating and movement behaviours, including how these differ by socio-demographic characteristics and are shaped by people's interaction with their social and physical environment. Methods COBRA is an observational study in free-living conditions. We will recruit 1500 adults aged 21–69 years from a large prospective cohort study. Real-time data capture methods will be used for nine consecutive days: an ecological momentary assessment app with a global positioning system enabled to collect location data, accelerometers to measure movement, and wearable sensors to monitor blood glucose levels. Participants receive six EMA surveys per day between 8 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. to capture information on behavioural risk factors including eating behaviours and diet composition movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep), and related contextual factors. The second wave of ecological momentary assessment surveys with a global positioning system enabled will be sent 6 months later. Data will be analysed using generalised linear models to examine associations between behavioural risk factors and contextual determinants. Discussion Findings from this study will advance our understanding of dietary and movement behaviours as they occur in real-life and inform the development of personalised interventions to prevent chronic diseases.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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