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Article: Differential Effects of Integrin Blockade on Gut and Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation.

Qaiyum, Zoya / Tang, Michael / Olivera, Pablo Andres / Inman, Robert Davies

2023 Volume 50, Issue 8, Page(s) 1090–1092

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sacroiliac Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Sacroiliitis ; Low Back Pain ; Inflammation/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	194928-7
ISSN	1499-2752 ; 0315-162X
ISSN (online)	1499-2752
ISSN	0315-162X
DOI	10.3899/jrheum.2022-1272
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Article ; Online: Addressing Individual Lifestyle Choices - Education, Health Promotion and Patient Engagement

Robert Davies

Scottish Universities Medical Journal , Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 31-

2013 Volume 36

Abstract: The NHS has a growing user‐demographic, and with rising demand, the NHS cannot function in the same way as people have come to know and expect. Innovative ways need to be employed to improve the accessibility and sustainability of health services. ... ...

Abstract	The NHS has a growing user‐demographic, and with rising demand, the NHS cannot function in the same way as people have come to know and expect. Innovative ways need to be employed to improve the accessibility and sustainability of health services. Lifestyle is a major contributor to the rise in NHS demand as there has been a move away from personal responsibility and accountability to a culture where cure is better than prevention. To improve health services, it would be advantageous to design better health campaigns that employ engaging behaviour models to instil long‐term behavioural changes with regards to lifestyle behaviours and choices. This article will discuss the need for effective health campaigns with an emphasis on behaviour models.
Keywords	health promotion ; obesity ; patient centred care ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Dundee
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Data-Driven Jump Detection Thresholds for Application in Jump Regressions

Robert Davies / George Tauchen

Econometrics, Vol 6, Iss 2, p

2018 Volume 16

Abstract: This paper develops a method to select the threshold in threshold-based jump detection methods. The method is motivated by an analysis of threshold-based jump detection methods in the context of jump-diffusion models. We show that over the range of ... ...

Abstract	This paper develops a method to select the threshold in threshold-based jump detection methods. The method is motivated by an analysis of threshold-based jump detection methods in the context of jump-diffusion models. We show that over the range of sampling frequencies a researcher is most likely to encounter that the usual in-fill asymptotics provide a poor guide for selecting the jump threshold. Because of this we develop a sample-based method. Our method estimates the number of jumps over a grid of thresholds and selects the optimal threshold at what we term the ‘take-off’ point in the estimated number of jumps. We show that this method consistently estimates the jumps and their indices as the sampling interval goes to zero. In several Monte Carlo studies we evaluate the performance of our method based on its ability to accurately locate jumps and its ability to distinguish between true jumps and large diffusive moves. In one of these Monte Carlo studies we evaluate the performance of our method in a jump regression context. Finally, we apply our method in two empirical studies. In one we estimate the number of jumps and report the jump threshold our method selects for three commonly used market indices. In the other empirical application we perform a series of jump regressions using our method to select the jump threshold.
Keywords	efficient estimation ; high-frequency data ; jumps ; semimartingale ; specification test ; stochastic volatility ; Economics as a science ; HB71-74
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An overview of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

So, Anthony / Inman, Robert Davies

Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology

2019 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 453–471

Abstract: Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are engineered proteins with high affinity for various proinflammatory immune mediators to reduce inflammation and its sequelae in various rheumatic diseases. These medications, introduced at the ... ...

Abstract	Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are engineered proteins with high affinity for various proinflammatory immune mediators to reduce inflammation and its sequelae in various rheumatic diseases. These medications, introduced at the advent of the 21st century, have revolutionized the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (including ankylosing spondylitis) and psoriatic arthritis. Currently approved bDMARDs for axial spondyloarthritis are etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab pegol, and secukinumab. For psoriatic arthritis, all of these drugs are approved in addition to ixekizumab, ustekinumab, abatacept, and tofacitinib. Selection of the optimal bDMARD should consider patient comorbidity including uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
MeSH term(s)	Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Spondylarthritis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antirheumatic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052323-3
ISSN	1532-1770 ; 1521-6942
ISSN (online)	1532-1770
ISSN	1521-6942
DOI	10.1016/j.berh.2018.12.002
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Article ; Online: The Application of Time Series Modelling and Monte Carlo Simulation

Robert Davies / Tim Coole / David Osipyw

Applied Mathematics , Vol 05, Iss 08, Pp 1152-

Forecasting Volatile Inventory Requirements

2014 Volume 1168

Abstract: During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing is not known until the crankshaft is fitted to the engine block. Though the build requirements for the engine are consistent, the consumption profile of the ...

Abstract	During the assembly of internal combustion engines, the specific size of crankshaft shell bearing is not known until the crankshaft is fitted to the engine block. Though the build requirements for the engine are consistent, the consumption profile of the different size shell bearings can follow a highly volatile trajectory due to minor variation in the dimensions of the crankshaft and engine block. The paper assesses the suitability of time series models including ARIMA and exponential smoothing as an appropriate method to forecast future requirements. Additionally, a Monte Carlo method is applied through building a VBA simulation tool in Microsoft Excel and comparing the output to the time series forecasts.
Keywords	Forecasting ; Time Series Analysis ; Monte Carlo Simulation ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Saccadic Eye Movement Abnormalities in Children with Epilepsy.

Judith Lunn / Tim Donovan / Damien Litchfield / Charlie Lewis / Robert Davies / Trevor Crawford

PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e

2016 Volume 0160508

Abstract: Childhood onset epilepsy is associated with disrupted developmental integration of sensorimotor and cognitive functions that contribute to persistent neurobehavioural comorbidities. The role of epilepsy and its treatment on the development of functional ... ...

Abstract	Childhood onset epilepsy is associated with disrupted developmental integration of sensorimotor and cognitive functions that contribute to persistent neurobehavioural comorbidities. The role of epilepsy and its treatment on the development of functional integration of motor and cognitive domains is unclear. Oculomotor tasks can probe neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms vulnerable to developmental disruptions by epilepsy-related factors. The study involved 26 patients and 48 typically developing children aged 8-18 years old who performed a prosaccade and an antisaccade task. Analyses compared medicated chronic epilepsy patients and unmedicated controlled epilepsy patients to healthy control children on saccade latency, accuracy and dynamics, errors and correction rate, and express saccades. Patients with medicated chronic epilepsy had impaired and more variable processing speed, reduced accuracy, increased peak velocity and a greater number of inhibitory errors, younger unmedicated patients also showed deficits in error monitoring. Deficits were related to reported behavioural problems in patients. Epilepsy factors were significant predictors of oculomotor functions. An earlier age at onset predicted reduced latency of prosaccades and increased express saccades, and the typical relationship between express saccades and inhibitory errors was absent in chronic patients, indicating a persistent reduction in tonic cortical inhibition and aberrant cortical connectivity. In contrast, onset in later childhood predicted altered antisaccade dynamics indicating disrupted neurotransmission in frontoparietal and oculomotor networks with greater demand on inhibitory control. The observed saccadic abnormalities are consistent with a dysmaturation of subcortical-cortical functional connectivity and aberrant neurotransmission. Eye movements could be used to monitor the impact of epilepsy on neurocognitive development and help assess the risk for poor neurobehavioural outcomes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Saccadic Eye Movement Abnormalities in Children with Epilepsy.

Judith Lunn / Tim Donovan / Damien Litchfield / Charlie Lewis / Robert Davies / Trevor Crawford

PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e

2016 Volume 0160508

Abstract	Childhood onset epilepsy is associated with disrupted developmental integration of sensorimotor and cognitive functions that contribute to persistent neurobehavioural comorbidities. The role of epilepsy and its treatment on the development of functional integration of motor and cognitive domains is unclear. Oculomotor tasks can probe neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms vulnerable to developmental disruptions by epilepsy-related factors. The study involved 26 patients and 48 typically developing children aged 8-18 years old who performed a prosaccade and an antisaccade task. Analyses compared medicated chronic epilepsy patients and unmedicated controlled epilepsy patients to healthy control children on saccade latency, accuracy and dynamics, errors and correction rate, and express saccades. Patients with medicated chronic epilepsy had impaired and more variable processing speed, reduced accuracy, increased peak velocity and a greater number of inhibitory errors, younger unmedicated patients also showed deficits in error monitoring. Deficits were related to reported behavioural problems in patients. Epilepsy factors were significant predictors of oculomotor functions. An earlier age at onset predicted reduced latency of prosaccades and increased express saccades, and the typical relationship between express saccades and inhibitory errors was absent in chronic patients, indicating a persistent reduction in tonic cortical inhibition and aberrant cortical connectivity. In contrast, onset in later childhood predicted altered antisaccade dynamics indicating disrupted neurotransmission in frontoparietal and oculomotor networks with greater demand on inhibitory control. The observed saccadic abnormalities are consistent with a dysmaturation of subcortical-cortical functional connectivity and aberrant neurotransmission. Eye movements could be used to monitor the impact of epilepsy on neurocognitive development and help assess the risk for poor neurobehavioural outcomes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty as an Isolated or Combined Treatment Strategy for Patellar Instability and Trochlear Dysplasia

Michael Robert Davies, M.D. / Sachin Allahabadi, M.D. / Tarek Elliott Diab / Ryan David Freshman, M.D. / Nirav Kiritkumar Pandya, M.D. / Brian Thomas Feeley, M.D. / Drew Anderson Lansdown, M.D.

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, Vol 2, Iss 5, Pp e661-e

A Systematic Review

2020 Volume 669

Abstract: Purpose: To highlight the indications and outcomes for sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty, when used as an isolated procedure as well as in combination with other stabilization techniques for patellar instability. Methods: We performed a systematic review ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To highlight the indications and outcomes for sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty, when used as an isolated procedure as well as in combination with other stabilization techniques for patellar instability. Methods: We performed a systematic review focused on outcomes and complications following trochleoplasty performed either as an isolated procedure or in combination with other procedures to address patellar instability. Inclusion criteria included studies in English that reported on outcomes following primary open trochleoplasty, including Kujala scores and recurrent instability or dislocation events. Results: Twelve papers including 702 patients who underwent sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty were included. A total of 504 patients underwent isolated sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty, whereas 198 patients underwent trochleoplasty in combination with 1 or more additional stabilization procedures. In total, 67% of patients were female compared with 33% male. The procedure was done was a primary surgical intervention 74% of the time. Postoperative Kujala scores for isolated trochleoplasty ranged from 80 to 92, whereas those for combined stabilization procedures ranged from 76 to 95. The dislocation rate among the studies ranged from 0 to 8%. There was a persistent J-sign in 0 to 12% of treated knees among all studies, and a persistent apprehension test in 0 to 29% of treated knees. Return to play ranged from 65% to 83% in studies in which this was reported as an outcome. Conclusions: Sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty performed for recurrent patellar instability in the setting of trochlear dysplasia results in improved Kujala scores and a low redislocation rate, when performed as an isolated procedure or in combination with other stabilization procedures. Greater-level evidence is needed to better evaluate the overall efficacy of this procedure in addressing patellar instability. Level of Evidence: Level of Evidence, IV; Systematic review of level III and IV studies
Keywords	Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Whole genome sequencing reveals an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis associated with reptile feeder mice in the United Kingdom, 2012-2015

Kanagarajah, Sanch / Alison Waldram / Andrew Frost / Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin / Claire Jenkins / Elizabeth M. De Pinna / Gayle Dolan / Jeremy I. Hawker / Kathie A. Grant / Philip M. Ashton / Richard Elson / Robert Davies / Timothy J. Dallman

Food microbiology. 2017,

2017

Abstract: Analysis of whole genome sequencing data uncovered a previously undetected outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that had been on-going for four years. Cases were resident in all countries of the United Kingdom and 40% of the cases were aged less than 11 ... ...

Abstract	Analysis of whole genome sequencing data uncovered a previously undetected outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that had been on-going for four years. Cases were resident in all countries of the United Kingdom and 40% of the cases were aged less than 11 years old. Initial investigations revealed that 30% of cases reported exposure to pet snakes. A case-control study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to reptiles or their feed were risk factors. A robust case-definition, based on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profile, increased the power of the analytical study. Following univariable and multivariable analysis, exposure to snakes was the only variable independently associated with infection (Odds ratio 810 95% CI (85â7715) pÂ <Â 0.001). Isolates of S. Enteritidis belonging to the outbreak profile were recovered from reptile feeder mice sampled at the retail and wholesale level. Control measures included improved public health messaging at point of sale, press releases and engagement with public health and veterinary counterparts across Europe. Mice destined to be fed to reptiles are not regarded as pet food and are not routinely tested for pathogenic bacteria. Routine microbiological testing to ensure feeder mice are free from Salmonella is recommended.
Keywords	bacteria ; case-control studies ; control methods ; mice ; odds ratio ; pet foods ; pets ; public health ; risk factors ; Salmonella Enteritidis ; sequence analysis ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; snakes ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	50892-5
ISSN	1095-9998 ; 0740-0020
ISSN (online)	1095-9998
ISSN	0740-0020
DOI	10.1016/j.fm.2017.04.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: State of the world's raptors: Distributions, threats, and conservation recommendations

McClure, Christopher J.W / James R.S. Westrip / Jeff A. Johnson / Sarah E. Schulwitz / Munir Z. Virani / Robert Davies / Andrew Symes / Hannah Wheatley / Russell Thorstrom / Arjun Amar / Ralph Buij / Victoria R. Jones / Nick P. Williams / Evan R. Buechley / Stuart H.M. Butchart

Biological conservation. 2018 Nov., v. 227

2018

Abstract: Raptors provide critical ecosystem services, yet there is currently no systematic, global synthesis of their conservation status or threats. We review the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List to examine the conservation status, ... ...

Abstract	Raptors provide critical ecosystem services, yet there is currently no systematic, global synthesis of their conservation status or threats. We review the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List to examine the conservation status, distributions, threats, and conservation recommendations for all 557 raptor species. We further assess the significance of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) for raptor conservation. We also determine which countries contain the most species listed under the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU). Raptors, especially Old World vultures, are more threatened than birds in general. Eighteen percent of raptors are threatened with extinction and 52% of raptors have declining global populations. South and Southeast Asia have the highest richness and the largest number of threatened raptor species. By country, Indonesia has the highest richness of raptor species (119) and most declining species (63). China and Russia contain the most Raptors MoU species, although they are not yet signatories to the agreement. Raptor species that require forest are more likely to be threatened and declining than those that do not. Agriculture and logging are the most frequently identified threats, although poisoning is especially detrimental to Old World vultures. Of the 10 most important IBAs for raptors, six are in Nepal. Highest priority conservation actions to protect raptors include preventing mortality and conserving key sites and priority habitats. Improved long-term monitoring would allow for conservation to be appropriately targeted and effectiveness of interventions to be assessed.
Keywords	Accipitridae ; biodiversity ; birds of prey ; conservation status ; ecosystem services ; extinction ; forests ; habitats ; logging ; migratory birds ; monitoring ; mortality ; poisoning ; Africa ; China ; Eurasia ; Indonesia ; Nepal ; Russia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-11
Size	p. 390-402.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0006-3207
DOI	10.1016/j.biocon.2018.08.012
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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