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  1. Article ; Online: Glycaemic management during the inpatient enteral feeding of people with stroke and diabetes.

    Roberts, A W / Penfold, S

    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

    2018  Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 1027–1036

    Abstract: This paper is an abridged and modified version of guidelines produced by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care on glycaemic management during the enteral feeding of people with stroke and diabetes. These were revised in 2017 and have ... ...

    Abstract This paper is an abridged and modified version of guidelines produced by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for inpatient care on glycaemic management during the enteral feeding of people with stroke and diabetes. These were revised in 2017 and have been adapted specifically for Diabetic Medicine. The full version can be found at: www.diabetes.org.uk/joint-british-diabetes-society or https://abcd.care/joint-british-diabetes-societies-jbds-inpatient-care-group. Many people have both diabetes and an acute stroke, and a stanv dard approach to the management of people with stroke is the provision of adequate nutrition. Frequently, this involves a period of enteral feeding if there is impaired ability to swallow food safely. There is currently considerable variability in the management of people with diabetes fed enterally after a stroke, and the evidence base guiding diabetes management in this clinical situation is very weak, although poor glycaemic outcomes in people receiving enteral feeding after stroke may worsen recovery and cause harm. The aim of this document is to provide sensible clinical guidance in this area, written by a multidisciplinary team; this guideline had input from diabetes specialist nurses, diabetologists, dietitians, stroke physicians and pharmacists with expertise in this area, and from UK professional organizations. It is aimed at multidisciplinary teams managing people with stroke and diabetes who require enteral feeding. We recognize that there is limited clinical evidence in this area.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Complications/blood ; Diabetes Complications/nursing ; Diabetes Complications/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/nursing ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Enteral Nutrition/nursing ; Enteral Nutrition/standards ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Monitoring, Physiologic/nursing ; Monitoring, Physiologic/standards ; Societies, Medical/standards ; Stroke/blood ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/nursing ; Stroke/therapy ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Practice Guideline
    ZDB-ID 605769-x
    ISSN 1464-5491 ; 0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
    ISSN (online) 1464-5491
    ISSN 0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
    DOI 10.1111/dme.13678
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Targeting BCL2 With BH3 Mimetics: Basic Science and Clinical Application of Venetoclax in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related B Cell Malignancies.

    Roberts, A W / Huang, Dcs

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2017  Volume 101, Issue 1, Page(s) 89–98

    Abstract: The intracellular protein B-cell-lymphoma-2 (BCL2) has been considered an attractive target for cancer therapy since the discovery of its function as a major promoter of cell survival (an anti-apoptotic) in the late 1980s. However, the challenges of ... ...

    Abstract The intracellular protein B-cell-lymphoma-2 (BCL2) has been considered an attractive target for cancer therapy since the discovery of its function as a major promoter of cell survival (an anti-apoptotic) in the late 1980s. However, the challenges of targeting a protein-protein interaction delayed the discovery of fit-for-purpose molecules until the mid-2000s. Since then, a series of high affinity small organic molecules that inhibits the interaction of BCL2 with the apoptotic machinery, the so-called BH3-mimetics, have been developed. Venetoclax (formerly ABT-199) is the first to achieve US Food and Drug Administration approval, with an indication for treatment of patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) bearing deletion of the long arm of chromosome 17. Here, we review key aspects of the science underpinning the clinical application of BCL2 inhibitors and explore both our current knowledge and unresolved questions about its clinical utility, both in CLL and in other B-cell malignancies that highly express BCL2.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use ; Drug Approval ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Sulfonamides ; venetoclax (N54AIC43PW)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1002/cpt.553
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Cellulose synthase gene expression profiling of Physcomitrella patens.

    Tran, M L / Roberts, A W

    Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)

    2016  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 362–368

    Abstract: The cellulose synthase (CESA) gene family of seed plants comprises six clades that encode isoforms with conserved expression patterns and distinct functions in cellulose synthesis complex (CSC) formation and primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. In ... ...

    Abstract The cellulose synthase (CESA) gene family of seed plants comprises six clades that encode isoforms with conserved expression patterns and distinct functions in cellulose synthesis complex (CSC) formation and primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. In mosses, which have rosette CSCs like those of seed plants but lack lignified secondary cell walls, the CESA gene family diversified independently and includes no members of the six functionally distinct seed plant clades. There are seven CESA isoforms encoded in the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens. However, only PpCESA5 has been characterised functionally, and little information is available on the expression of other PpCESA family members. We have profiled PpCESA expression through quantitative RT-PCR, analysis of promoter-reporter lines, and cluster analysis of public microarray data in an effort to identify expression and co-expression patterns that could help reveal the functions of PpCESA isoforms in protein complex formation and development of specific tissues. In contrast to the tissue-specific expression observed for seed plant CESAs, each of the PpCESAs was broadly expressed throughout most developing tissues. Although a few statistically significant differences in expression of PpCESAs were noted when some tissues and hormone treatments were compared, no strong co-expression patterns were observed. Along with CESA phylogenies and lack of single PpCESA mutant phenotypes reported elsewhere, broad overlapping expression of the PpCESAs indicates a high degree of inter-changeability and is consistent with a different pattern of functional specialisation in the evolution of the seed plant and moss CESA families.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/cytology ; Bryopsida/enzymology ; Bryopsida/genetics ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics ; Isoenzymes ; Plant Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Isoenzymes ; Plant Proteins ; Glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) ; cellulose synthase (EC 2.4.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1464075-2
    ISSN 1438-8677 ; 1435-8603
    ISSN (online) 1438-8677
    ISSN 1435-8603
    DOI 10.1111/plb.12416
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Tracheary-element differentiation in suspension-cultured cells ofZinnia requires uptake of extracellular Ca(2+) : Experiments with calcium-channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors.

    Roberts, A W / Haigler, C H

    Planta

    2013  Volume 180, Issue 4, Page(s) 502–509

    Abstract: Tracheary-element (TE) differentiation in suspension cultures ofZinnia elegans L. mesophyll cells was inhibited by blocking calcium uptake in three ways: 1) reducing the [Ca(2+)] of the culture medium, 2) blocking calcium channels with the non-permeant ... ...

    Abstract Tracheary-element (TE) differentiation in suspension cultures ofZinnia elegans L. mesophyll cells was inhibited by blocking calcium uptake in three ways: 1) reducing the [Ca(2+)] of the culture medium, 2) blocking calcium channels with the non-permeant cation La(3+), and 3) blocking calcium channels with permeant dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers. Calcium-channel blockers were effective when added at any time between 0 and 48 h after culture initiation; after 48h, calcium sequestration and secondary cell-wall deposition began. In contrast, calmodulin antagonists inhibited TE differentiation when added at the beginning of culture, but not when added after 24h. These results indicate that TE differentiation involves at least two calcium-regulated events: one calmodulin-dependent and occurring shortly after exposure to inductive conditions, and the other calmodulin-independent and occurring just prior to secondary cell-wall deposition.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208909-9
    ISSN 1432-2048 ; 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    ISSN (online) 1432-2048
    ISSN 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    DOI 10.1007/BF02411447
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Methylxanthines reversibly inhibit tracheary-element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans L.

    Roberts, A W / Haigier, C H

    Planta

    2013  Volume 186, Issue 4, Page(s) 586–592

    Abstract: Tracheary-element (TE) differentiation in suspension-cultured mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. was completely inhibited by caffeine and theophylline only when these methylxanthines were applied at least 8 h prior to the appearance of secondary cell- ... ...

    Abstract Tracheary-element (TE) differentiation in suspension-cultured mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. was completely inhibited by caffeine and theophylline only when these methylxanthines were applied at least 8 h prior to the appearance of secondary cell-wall thickenings. In contrast, the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine completely inhibited TE differentiation when applied only 2-3 h prior to the onset of secondary cell-wall deposition. This indicates the involvement of a methylxanthine-inhibitable event in TE differentiation that is distinguishable from an event dependent on influx of extracellular calcium. The correlation between the time of appearance of chlorotetracycline fluorescence (an indicator of sequestered Ca(2+)) and loss of methylxanthine effectiveness indicates that inhibition by methylxanthines may result from release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Methylxanthines with high potencies against adenosine 3' ∶ 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase and adenosine receptors were less effective inhibitors of TE differentiation, indicating that inhibition of differentiation by methylxanthines is independent of cAMP metabolism. The role of cAMP in transduction of the cytokinin signal, which was proposed previously on the basis of stimulation of TE differentiation by theophylline, was investigated using the non-hydrolyzable analog 8-bromo-cAMP. Although 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated differentiation in the absence of inductive concentrations of cytokinin, the non-cyclic analog 8-bromo-AMP was even more effective, indicating that 8-bromo-cAMP behaves as a cytokinin analog, rather than a second messenger, in stimulating TE differentiation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208909-9
    ISSN 1432-2048 ; 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    ISSN (online) 1432-2048
    ISSN 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    DOI 10.1007/BF00198040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Psoas abscess formation in suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus.

    Lansdown, A J / Downing, A / Roberts, A W / Martin, D

    Case reports in medicine

    2011  Volume 2011, Page(s) 249325

    Abstract: Psoas abscess formation is a rare entity for which diabetes mellitus remains a major predisposing factor. Diabetes has long been associated with a predisposition to unusual and more serious infections. Here we present two cases that demonstrate that ... ...

    Abstract Psoas abscess formation is a rare entity for which diabetes mellitus remains a major predisposing factor. Diabetes has long been associated with a predisposition to unusual and more serious infections. Here we present two cases that demonstrate that chronically suboptimally controlled diabetes remains an important marker for the development of primary psoas abscess. It is important to include psoas abscess in the differential in such patients to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2502642-2
    ISSN 1687-9635 ; 1687-9627
    ISSN (online) 1687-9635
    ISSN 1687-9627
    DOI 10.1155/2011/249325
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  7. Article ; Online: Nephrotic syndrome as a complication of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation.

    Wong, E / Lasica, M / He, S Z / Bajel, A / Roberts, A W / Mason, K D / Ritchie, D S / Szer, J

    Internal medicine journal

    2016  Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 737–741

    Abstract: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a rare complication following allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), with limited current understanding of its pathogenesis. Here, we describe four cases of NS following allo-HSCT diagnosed at our ... ...

    Abstract Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a rare complication following allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), with limited current understanding of its pathogenesis. Here, we describe four cases of NS following allo-HSCT diagnosed at our institutions to identify key clinical and pathological features. In addition, a PubMed search was performed to identify existing reports that were pooled together with our cases for analysis. NS occurred as a late complication following allo-HSCT, with median onset 19.5 months after transplant (range: 3.9-84 months). The most common histopathology observed was membranous nephropathy; however, cases of minimal change disease have also been reported. There is a high incidence of prior extra-renal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), with all four of our cases and 82% of published cases having prior GvHD. Glucocorticosteroids are the most common treatment, with variable degrees of response. Responses to immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors and rituximab have been described in steroid-refractory cases.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications ; Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Immunosuppression/adverse effects ; Incidence ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/complications ; Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy ; Postoperative Complications/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2045436-3
    ISSN 1445-5994 ; 1444-0903
    ISSN (online) 1445-5994
    ISSN 1444-0903
    DOI 10.1111/imj.13098
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  8. Article ; Online: Cell Expansion and Tracheary Element Differentiation Are Regulated by Extracellular pH in Mesophyll Cultures of Zinnia elegans L.

    Roberts, A. W. / Haigler, C. H.

    Plant physiology

    2002  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) 699–706

    Abstract: The effects of medium pH on cell expansion and tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in differentiating mesophyll suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans L. In unbuffered cultures initially adjusted to pH 5.5, the medium pH fluctuated ... ...

    Abstract The effects of medium pH on cell expansion and tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in differentiating mesophyll suspension cultures of Zinnia elegans L. In unbuffered cultures initially adjusted to pH 5.5, the medium pH fluctuated reproducibly, decreasing about 1 unit prior to the onset of TE differentiation and then increasing when the initiation of new Tes was complete. Elimination of large pH fluctuations by buffering the culture medium with 20 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid altered both cell expansion and TE differentiation, whereas altering the starting pH of unbuffered culture medium had no effect on either process. Cell expansion in buffered cultures was pH dependent with an optimum of 5.5 to 6.0. The direction of cell expansion was also pH dependent in buffered cultures. Cells elongated at pH 5.5 to 6.0, whereas isodiametric cell expansion was predominant at pH 6.5 to 7.0. The onset of TE differentiation was delayed when the pH was buffered higher or lower than 5.0. However, TEs eventually appeared in cultures buffered at pH 6.5 to 7.0, indicating that a decrease in pH to 5.0 is not necessary for differentiation. Very large TEs with secondary cell wall thickenings resembling metaxylem differentiated in cultures buffered at pH 5.5 to 6.0, which also showed the greatest cell expansion. The correlation between cell expansion and delayed differentiation of large, metaxylem-like TEs may indicate a link between the regulatory mechanisms controlling cell expansion and TE differentiation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208914-2
    ISSN 1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
    ISSN (online) 1532-2548
    ISSN 0032-0889
    DOI 10.1104/pp.105.2.699
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34(+) stem cells in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin.

    Proietto, A I / Mittag, D / Roberts, A W / Sprigg, N / Wu, L

    Cellular & molecular immunology

    2012  Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) 446–454

    Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells specialized to capture, process and present antigen to T cells in order to initiate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The study of mouse DC has revealed a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in ... ...

    Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells specialized to capture, process and present antigen to T cells in order to initiate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The study of mouse DC has revealed a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in their development, surface phenotype and function. The study of human blood and spleen has shown the presence of two subsets of conventional DC including the CD1b/c(+) and CD141(+)CLEC9A(+) conventional DC (cDC) and a plasmacytoid DC (pDC) that is CD304(+)CD123(+). Studies on these subpopulations have revealed phenotypic and functional differences that are similar to those described in the mouse. In this study, the three DC subsets have been generated in vitro from human CD34(+) precursors in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and thrombopoietin (TPO). The DC subsets so generated, including the CD1b/c(+) and CLEC9A(+) cDCs and CD123(+) pDCs, were largely similar to their blood and spleen counterparts with respect to surface phenotype, toll-like receptor and transcription factor expression, capacity to stimulate T cells, cytokine secretion and cross-presentation of antigens. This system may be utilized to study aspects of DC development and function not possible in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Blood Cells/cytology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Shape/drug effects ; Cross-Priming/drug effects ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/cytology ; Dendritic Cells/drug effects ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Membrane Proteins/pharmacology ; Mice ; Monocytes/cytology ; Monocytes/drug effects ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Spleen/cytology ; Thrombopoietin/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD34 ; Cytokines ; Membrane Proteins ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transcription Factors ; flt3 ligand protein ; Thrombopoietin (9014-42-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-22
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2435097-7
    ISSN 2042-0226 ; 1672-7681
    ISSN (online) 2042-0226
    ISSN 1672-7681
    DOI 10.1038/cmi.2012.48
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  10. Article: Posterior palatal seal additions.

    Roberts, A W

    Trends & techniques in the contemporary dental laboratory

    1989  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–31

    MeSH term(s) Denture Retention ; Denture, Complete ; Humans ; Palate
    Language English
    Publishing date 1989-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0746-8962
    ISSN 0746-8962
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