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  1. Article ; Online: Linking performance and chronic disease risk: indices of physical performance are surrogates for health.

    Booth, F W / Roberts, C K

    British journal of sports medicine

    2008  Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 950–952

    Abstract: Recent studies have identified a remarkable association between indices of athletic performance and optimal health of the general public. Both high aerobic capacity and high skeletal muscle strength are associated with lower mortality. Furthermore, ... ...

    Abstract Recent studies have identified a remarkable association between indices of athletic performance and optimal health of the general public. Both high aerobic capacity and high skeletal muscle strength are associated with lower mortality. Furthermore, higher aerobic capacity and often higher skeletal muscle strength are associated with a lower prevalence of most chronic diseases. Also, maintenance of aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle strength by lifelong physical activity delays the biological ageing in most organ systems, therefore delaying premature death. These facts raise the question whether associations between high aerobic capacity and muscle strength are causally or associatively related to either metabolic health or elite performance. If a causal relationship was noted at the molecular level, it would have major public health implications. In this review, evidence is presented for the assertion that research on elite athletes and chronic disease prevention by exercise is actually addressing the same biochemical, physiological and genomic phenomena.
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobic Threshold/physiology ; Athletic Performance/physiology ; Chronic Disease/prevention & control ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Physical Fitness/physiology ; Risk Factors ; Sports/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsm.2008.052589
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  2. Article ; Online: Age affects exercise-induced improvements in heart rate response to exercise.

    Ciolac, E G / Roberts, C K / da Silva, J M Rodrigues / Guimarães, G V

    International journal of sports medicine

    2014  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 371–378

    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength and heart rate (HR) response to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long-term twice-weekly combined aerobic and resistance ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength and heart rate (HR) response to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long-term twice-weekly combined aerobic and resistance exercise program. 85 sedentary women, divided into young (YG; n=22, 30.3 ± 6.2 years), early middle-aged (EMG; n=28, 44.1 ± 2.5 years), late middle-aged (LMG; n=20, 56.7 ± 3.5 years) and older (OG; n=15, 71.4 ± 6.9 years) groups, had their CRF, muscle strength (1-repetition maximum test) and HR response to exercise (graded exercise test) measured before and after 12 months of combined exercise training. Exercise training improved CRF and muscle strength in all age groups (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between groups. Exercise training also improved resting HR and recovery HR in YG and EMG (P<0.05), but not in LMG and OG. Maximal HR did not change in any group. Combined aerobic and resistance training at a frequency of 2 days/week improves CRF and muscle strength throughout the lifespan. However, exercise-induced improvements in the HR recovery response to exercise may be impaired in late middle-aged and older women.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aging/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Female ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Physical Education and Training/methods ; Physical Fitness/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Resistance Training ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603122-5
    ISSN 1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    ISSN (online) 1439-3964
    ISSN 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0033-1351332
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  3. Article ; Online: Adiponectin is independently associated with NT-proBNP: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

    Allison, M A / Criqui, M H / Maisel, A S / Daniels, L B / Roberts, C K / Polak, J F / Cushman, M

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

    2015  Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 780–786

    Abstract: Background and aims: To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).: Methods and results: As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).
    Methods and results: As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated at 4 clinic visits about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was analyzed for NT-proBNP (at visits 1 and 3) and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin (at visits 2 and 3). The mean age was 64.8 ± 9.6 years and 48% were female. After multivariable adjustment, a 1-SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 14 pg/ml higher NT-proBNP level (p < 0.01), while, compared to the 1st quartile of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.01 for all). For changes in NT-proBNP over the follow-up period, and after multivariable adjustment including baseline NT-proBNP, a 1-SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 25 pg/ml absolute increase in NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were associated with increases of 5, 28 and 65 pg/ml (p = 0.74, 0.09 and <0.01, respectively). There was a significant interaction between adiponectin and sex for visit 3 NT-proBNP (p-interaction < 0.01), with significantly stronger associations in men. Leptin was not associated with NT-proBNP.
    Conclusion: Higher adiponectin, but not leptin, is significantly associated with higher levels of NT-proBNP, as well as with greater longitudinal increases in NT-proBNP. The associations were stronger in men.
    MeSH term(s) Adiponectin/blood ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atherosclerosis/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leptin/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood ; Peptide Fragments/blood ; Sex Factors
    Chemical Substances Adiponectin ; Biomarkers ; Leptin ; Peptide Fragments ; pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76) ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain (114471-18-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 1590-3729 ; 0939-4753
    ISSN (online) 1590-3729
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.005
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  4. Article: Adiponectin is independently associated with NT-proBNP: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

    Allison, M.A / Criqui, M.H / Maisel, A.S / Daniels, L.B / Roberts, C.K / Polak, J.F / Cushman, M

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. 2015 Aug., v. 25, no. 8

    2015  

    Abstract: To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated at 4 clinic visits about ... ...

    Abstract To investigate the associations between selected adipokines and the N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).As many as 1489 individuals enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated at 4 clinic visits about every 2 years. The evaluation included fasting venous blood, which was analyzed for NT-proBNP (at visits 1 and 3) and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin (at visits 2 and 3). The mean age was 64.8 ± 9.6 years and 48% were female. After multivariable adjustment, a 1−SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 14 pg/ml higher NT-proBNP level (p < 0.01), while, compared to the 1st quartile of adiponectin, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles had 28, 45 and 67% higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.01 for all). For changes in NT-proBNP over the follow-up period, and after multivariable adjustment including baseline NT-proBNP, a 1−SD increment in adiponectin was associated with a 25 pg/ml absolute increase in NT-proBNP (p < 0.01), while those in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of adiponectin were associated with increases of 5, 28 and 65 pg/ml (p = 0.74, 0.09 and <0.01, respectively). There was a significant interaction between adiponectin and sex for visit 3 NT-proBNP (p-interaction < 0.01), with significantly stronger associations in men. Leptin was not associated with NT-proBNP.Higher adiponectin, but not leptin, is significantly associated with higher levels of NT-proBNP, as well as with greater longitudinal increases in NT-proBNP. The associations were stronger in men.
    Keywords adiponectin ; atherosclerosis ; blood ; females ; leptin ; men ; metabolism ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; natriuretic peptides
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-08
    Size p. 780-786.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 0939-4753
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.005
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  5. Article ; Online: Effects of resistance training on central blood pressure in obese young men.

    Croymans, D M / Krell, S L / Oh, C S / Katiraie, M / Lam, C Y / Harris, R A / Roberts, C K

    Journal of human hypertension

    2013  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 157–164

    Abstract: Central blood pressure is a predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the effects of resistance training (RT) on central blood pressure are largely unknown. This study explored the effects of high-intensity RT on central blood pressure, ... ...

    Abstract Central blood pressure is a predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the effects of resistance training (RT) on central blood pressure are largely unknown. This study explored the effects of high-intensity RT on central blood pressure, indices of arterial stiffness and wave reflection and inflammatory/atherogenic markers in overweight or obese, sedentary young men. Thirty-six participants were randomized to RT (12 weeks of training, 3/wk, n=28) or control groups (C, 12 weeks of no training, n=8) and assessed for changes in central and brachial blood pressures, augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), body composition, lipids and inflammatory/atherogenic markers. High-intensity RT resulted in decreased central and brachial systolic/diastolic blood pressures (all P0.03), despite not altering AIx (P=0.34) or cfPWV (P=0.43). The vascular endothelial growth factor increased (P=0.03) after RT, without any change in cIMT, C-reactive protein, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or other inflammatory markers (all P0.1). Changes in the central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) were positively correlated with changes in oxLDL (r=0.42, P=0.03) and soluble E-selectin (r=0.41, P=0.04). In overweight/obese young men, high-intensity RT decreases cSBP, independently of weight loss and changes in arterial stiffness. The cardioprotective effects of RT may be related to effects on central blood pressure.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Hypertension/prevention & control ; Male ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/physiopathology ; Resistance Training ; Sedentary Behavior ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639472-3
    ISSN 1476-5527 ; 0950-9240
    ISSN (online) 1476-5527
    ISSN 0950-9240
    DOI 10.1038/jhh.2013.81
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  6. Article: The meaning of occupational stress items to survey respondents

    Roberts, C. K.

    J. Applied Psychology

    1992  Volume 77, Issue 5, Page(s) 623–628

    Abstract: This study tested the effect of using the word stress in the measurement of self-reported occupational stressors and strains. Employees from two organizations responded to a questionnaire that included specific occupational stressors, strains, and 16 ... ...

    Institution USA-Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859 Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University
    Abstract This study tested the effect of using the word stress in the measurement of self-reported occupational stressors and strains. Employees from two organizations responded to a questionnaire that included specific occupational stressors, strains, and 16 items in which the word stress was used. Survey respondents tended to interpret the word stress to refer both to employees' strains or reactions to the work environment and to job stressors or elements of the environment itself. Implications of these findings for occupational stress research are discussed.
    Keywords Berufstaetiger ; Stress ; Selbsteinschaetzung ; Befragung ; Umwelt sozial ; Arbeitszufriedenheit ; Arbeitspsychologie
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database Social Medicine (SOMED)

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  7. Article: Age Affects Exercise-Induced Improvements in Heart Rate Response to Exercise

    Ciolac, E. G. / Roberts, C. K. / Rodrigues da Silva, J. M. / Guimarães, G. V.

    International Journal of Sports Medicine

    2013  Volume 35, Issue 05, Page(s) 371–378

    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength and heart rate (HR) response to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long-term twice-weekly combined aerobic and resistance ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength and heart rate (HR) response to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long-term twice-weekly combined aerobic and resistance exercise program. 85 sedentary women, divided into young (YG; n=22, 30.3±6.2 years), early middle-aged (EMG; n=28, 44.1±2.5 years), late middle-aged (LMG; n=20, 56.7±3.5 years) and older (OG; n=15, 71.4±6.9 years) groups, had their CRF, muscle strength (1-repetition maximum test) and HR response to exercise (graded exercise test) measured before and after 12 months of combined exercise training. Exercise training improved CRF and muscle strength in all age groups (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between groups. Exercise training also improved resting HR and recovery HR in YG and EMG (P<0.05), but not in LMG and OG. Maximal HR did not change in any group. Combined aerobic and resistance training at a frequency of 2 days/week improves CRF and muscle strength throughout the lifespan. However, exercise-induced improvements in the HR recovery response to exercise may be impaired in late middle-aged and older women.
    Keywords aging ; cardiorespiratory fitness ; exercise ; heart rate ; muscle strength
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-15
    Publisher © Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 603122-5
    ISSN 1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    ISSN (online) 1439-3964
    ISSN 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0033-1351332
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  8. Article: Protective effects of estrogen on gender-specific development of diet-induced hypertension.

    Roberts, C K / Vaziri, N D / Barnard, R J

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2001  Volume 91, Issue 5, Page(s) 2005–2009

    Abstract: Dietary and humoral factors are thought to be involved in the development of hypertension. This study investigated the interaction between diet and gonadal hormone status in the development and reversibility of hypertension. Normal male and female and ... ...

    Abstract Dietary and humoral factors are thought to be involved in the development of hypertension. This study investigated the interaction between diet and gonadal hormone status in the development and reversibility of hypertension. Normal male and female and ovariectomized (OVX) female Fischer rats were placed on either a high-fat (primarily saturated), refined carbohydrate (sucrose) (HFS) or a low-fat, complex carbohydrate (LFCC) diet at 2 mo of age, and body weight and systolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Male and OVX female rats were initially on the diets for 7 mo, whereas normal female rats were on the diets for 2 yr. After this initial phase, a group of rats from each of the normal HFS groups were converted to the LFCC diet for a period of 1 mo (males) and 2 mo (females). The OVX females were subcutaneously implanted with a 0.5-mg estradiol (E2) pellet for 1 mo. A significant rise in arterial BP occurred within 12 mo in female and only 2 mo in male rats on the HFS diet, exceeding 140 mmHg after 24 and 7 mo, respectively. Conversion from the HFS to the LFCC diet led to a normalization of BP in both female and male rats. HFS diet-induced hypertension was accelerated by OVX in female rats, approaching the pattern seen in male rats. The effect of OVX was completely reversed by E2 replacement. BP did not significantly change in any of the LFCC groups at any time point, and E2 replacement had no effect on BP in the OVX LFCC group. All HFS groups had significantly greater body weight, with differences occurring sooner in the male and OVX rats compared with the female rats. Diet modification resulted in a partial but significant reduction of body weight, but E2 replacement did not. These results demonstrate that long-term consumption of HFS diet induces hypertension in both genders and is reversible by diet modification. Hypertension is significantly delayed in females with functional ovaries. This protection is lost by OVX and restored by estrogen replacement. Thus hormone status contributes to the delayed onset of diet-induced hypertension in females compared with males.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Diet ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens/blood ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; Hypertension/etiology ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Hypertension/prevention & control ; Male ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Sex Characteristics
    Chemical Substances Estrogens ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 8750-7587 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 8750-7587 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567
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  9. Article ; Online: Reversibility of chronic experimental syndrome X by diet modification.

    Roberts, C K / Vaziri, N D / Liang, K H / Barnard, R J

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2001  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 1323–1328

    Abstract: This study was designed to examine whether abnormalities that comprise the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, are reversible by diet. Female Fischer rats were placed on either a ... ...

    Abstract This study was designed to examine whether abnormalities that comprise the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, are reversible by diet. Female Fischer rats were placed on either a high-fat, refined-carbohydrate (HFS) diet or low-fat, complex-carbohydrate (LFCC) diet for a period of 20 months. After 20 months, a group of HFS rats were switched to the LFCC diet (HFS/LFCC) for a period of 2 months. Skeletal muscle glucose transport, plasma insulin, systolic blood pressure, and plasma lipids were measured in all groups after 22 months. Energy intake and body weight were measured weekly. In the HFS group, insulin-stimulated glucose transport was significantly reduced (67+/-4 versus 98+/-4 pmol. mg(-)(1). 15 s(-)(1)), whereas plasma insulin (300+/-49 versus 82+/-8 pmol/L), blood pressure (147+/-4 versus 123+/-4 mm Hg), plasma triglycerides (2.58+/-0.31 versus 0.39+/-0.04 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (C) (3.45+/-0.40 versus 0.89+/-0.06 mmol/L), LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (2.9+/-0.1 versus 2.2+/-0.1), VLDL-C (1.53+/-0.23 versus 0.37+/-0.07 mmol/l), Total-C (5.56+/-0.58 versus 1.49+/-0.10 mmol/L), and body weight (360+/-11 versus 260+/-5 g) were all significantly elevated compared with the LFCC. Energy intake did not differ significantly; however, the LFCC had a much poorer feed efficiency. Conversion to a LFCC diet for 2 months led to normalization of glucose transport, blood pressure, plasma insulin, and VLDL-C and significant amelioration of obesity and other lipid abnormalities. These results demonstrate that syndrome X induced by an inappropriate diet is reversed with implementation of a low-fat, unrefined-carbohydrate diet without caloric restriction and suggest that diet may be a possible treatment for multiple simultaneous cardiovascular risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Transport ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Chronic Disease ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/blood ; Lipids/blood ; Microvascular Angina/blood ; Microvascular Angina/diet therapy ; Microvascular Angina/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344
    Chemical Substances Insulin ; Lipids ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/01.hyp.37.5.1323
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  10. Article ; Online: Enhanced NO inactivation and hypertension induced by a high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet.

    Roberts, C K / Vaziri, N D / Wang, X Q / Barnard, R J

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2000  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 423–429

    Abstract: We have recently demonstrated that long-term consumption of a high-fat, refined-carbohydrate (HFS) diet induces hypertension (HTN) in normal rats compared with a low-fat, complex-carbohydrate (LFCC) diet. Limited evidence suggests that high-fat or high- ... ...

    Abstract We have recently demonstrated that long-term consumption of a high-fat, refined-carbohydrate (HFS) diet induces hypertension (HTN) in normal rats compared with a low-fat, complex-carbohydrate (LFCC) diet. Limited evidence suggests that high-fat or high-sugar diets cause enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We therefore hypothesized that by inducing oxidative stress, the HFS diet may promote nitric oxide (NO) inactivation and HTN. To test this hypothesis, female Fischer rats were placed on either the HFS or the LFCC diet starting at 2 months of age. Blood pressure, urinary NO metabolites (NO(x)), and total renal NO synthase activity were monitored, and the tissue abundance of nitrotyrosine (NT), which is the stable "footprint" of NO oxidation by ROS, was determined. The HFS diet group exhibited a gradual rise in arterial blood pressure and were hypertensive by 18 months. This trend was accompanied by a marked accumulation of NT in all tested tissues, an initial rise and a subsequent fall in NO synthase activity, and a fall in urinary NO(x) excretion. The HFS diet-fed animals had a blunted blood pressure response to the NO synthase inhibitor N:(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) compared with the LFCC diet group, which showed a marked hypertensive response to L-NAME. L-NAME-induced HTN was reversible with L-arginine in the LFCC diet group; however, HTN was not corrected by L-arginine supplementation in the HFS diet group. These findings point to enhanced ROS-mediated inactivation and sequestration of NO, which may contribute to the reduction of bioactive NO and HTN in the HFS diet-fed animals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Hypertension/etiology ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/urine ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fats ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; 3-nitrotyrosine (3604-79-3) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (V55S2QJN2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/01.hyp.36.3.423
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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