LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 28

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Shared component modelling of early childhood anaemia and malaria in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda.

    Roberts, Danielle J / Zewotir, Temesgen

    BMC pediatrics

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 631

    Abstract: Background: Malaria and anaemia contribute substantially to child morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to jointly model the residual spatial variation in the likelihood of these two correlated diseases, while controlling for individual- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Malaria and anaemia contribute substantially to child morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to jointly model the residual spatial variation in the likelihood of these two correlated diseases, while controlling for individual-level, household-level and environmental characteristics.
    Methods: A child-level shared component model was utilised to partition shared and disease-specific district-level spatial effects.
    Results: The results indicated that the spatial variation in the likelihood of malaria was more prominent compared to that of anaemia, for both the shared and specific spatial components. In addition, approximately 30% of the districts were associated with an increased likelihood of anaemia but a decreased likelihood of malaria. This suggests that there are other drivers of anaemia in children in these districts, which warrants further investigation.
    Conclusions: The maps of the shared and disease-specific spatial patterns provide a tool to allow for more targeted action in malaria and anaemia control and prevention, as well as for the targeted allocation of limited district health system resources.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Kenya ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Malaria/complications ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Anemia/etiology ; Anemia/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041342-7
    ISSN 1471-2431 ; 1471-2431
    ISSN (online) 1471-2431
    ISSN 1471-2431
    DOI 10.1186/s12887-022-03694-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Copula geoadditive modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda.

    Roberts, Danielle J / Zewotir, Temesgen

    Journal of health, population, and nutrition

    2020  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

    Abstract: Background: Anaemia and malaria are the leading causes of sub-Saharan African childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between anaemia and malaria in young children across the districts or counties of four ... ...

    Abstract Background: Anaemia and malaria are the leading causes of sub-Saharan African childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between anaemia and malaria in young children across the districts or counties of four contiguous sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, while accounting for the effects of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors. Geospatial maps were constructed to visualise the relationship between the two responses across the districts of the countries.
    Methods: A joint bivariate copula regression model was used, which estimates the correlation between the two responses conditional on the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of the explanatory variables considered. The copula framework allows the dependency structure between the responses to be isolated from their marginal distributions. The association between the two responses was set to vary according to the district of residence across the four countries.
    Results: The study revealed a positive association between anaemia and malaria throughout the districts, the strength of which varied across the districts of the four countries. Due to this heterogeneous association between anaemia and malaria, we further considered the joint probability of each combination of outcome of anaemia and malaria to further reveal more about the relationship between the responses. A considerable number of districts had a high joint probability of a child being anaemic but not having malaria. This might suggest the existence of other significant drivers of childhood anaemia in these districts.
    Conclusions: This study presents an alternative technique to joint modelling of anaemia and malaria in young children which assists in understanding more about their relationship compared to techniques of multivariate modelling. The approach used in this study can aid in visualising the relationship through mapping of their correlation and joint probabilities. These maps produced can then help policy makers target the correct set of interventions, or prevent the use of incorrect interventions, particularly for childhood anaemia, the causes of which are multiple and complex.
    MeSH term(s) Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anemia/epidemiology ; Child Health/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; Models, Spatial Interaction ; Regression Analysis ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Uganda/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-06
    Publishing country Bangladesh
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2025045-9
    ISSN 2072-1315 ; 1606-0997
    ISSN (online) 2072-1315
    ISSN 1606-0997
    DOI 10.1186/s41043-020-00217-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and pre-diabetes in South Africa.

    Grundlingh, Nina / Zewotir, Temesgen T / Roberts, Danielle J / Manda, Samuel

    Journal of health, population, and nutrition

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

    Abstract: Background: Diabetes prevalence, as well as that of pre-diabetes, is rapidly increasing in South Africa. Individuals with pre-diabetes have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which is reversible with a change in lifestyle. If left untreated, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diabetes prevalence, as well as that of pre-diabetes, is rapidly increasing in South Africa. Individuals with pre-diabetes have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which is reversible with a change in lifestyle. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious health complications. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes, and to investigate the associated risk factors of each in the South African population.
    Method: This study made use of the South African Demographic Health Survey 2016 data. The study participants included 6442 individuals aged 15 years and older. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to account for the complex survey design of the study as well as well spatial autocorrelation in the data.
    Results: The observed prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was 67% and 22%, respectively. Among those who had never been tested for diabetes prior to the survey, 10% of females and 6% of males were found to be diabetic, and 67% of both males and females were found to be pre-diabetic. Thus, a large proportion of the South African population remains undiagnosed. The model revealed both common and uncommon factors significantly associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes. This highlights the importance of considering diabetic status as a three-level categorical outcome, rather than binary. In addition, significant interactions between some of the lifestyle factors, demographic factors and anthropometric measures were revealed, which indicates that the effects each these factors have on the likelihood of an individual being pre-diabetic or diabetic is confounded by other factors.
    Conclusion: The risk factors for diabetes and pre-diabetes are many and complicated. Individuals need to be aware of their diabetic status before health complications arise. It is therefore important for all stakeholders in government and the private sector of South Africa to get involved in providing education and creating awareness about diabetes. Regular testing of diabetes, as well as leading a healthy lifestyle, should be encouraged.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prediabetic State/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; South Africa/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country Bangladesh
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2025045-9
    ISSN 2072-1315 ; 1606-0997
    ISSN (online) 2072-1315
    ISSN 1606-0997
    DOI 10.1186/s41043-022-00281-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article: District Effect Appraisal in East Sub-Saharan Africa: Combating Childhood Anaemia.

    Roberts, Danielle J / Zewotir, Temesgen

    Anemia

    2019  Volume 2019, Page(s) 1598920

    Abstract: Background: Anaemia in children is a significant health problem that receives little attention. This study aimed at determining the factors significantly associated with anaemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda ... ...

    Abstract Background: Anaemia in children is a significant health problem that receives little attention. This study aimed at determining the factors significantly associated with anaemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda while accounting for the spatial heterogeneity within and between the districts of the four countries. In addition, the performance of the districts with regard to their impact on anaemia was assessed and ranked.
    Methods: A generalised additive mixed model with a spatial effect based on the geographical coordinates of the clusters was used. A district-level random effect was included to further account for the heterogeneity as well as to rank the performance of the districts based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP).
    Results: The results depicted significant spatial heterogeneity between and within the districts of the countries. After accounting for such spatial heterogeneity, child-level characteristics (gender, malaria test result, and mother's highest education level), household-level characteristics (household size, household's wealth index Z-score, the type of toilet facility available, and the type of place of residence), and the country of residence were found to be significantly associated with the child's anaemia status. There was a significant interaction between the type of place of residence and the country of residence. Based on the BLUP for the district-level random effect, the top 3 best- and worst-performing districts within each country were identified.
    Conclusion: The ranking of the performance of the districts allows for the worst-performing districts to be targeted for further research in order to improve their anaemia control strategies, as well as for the best-performing districts to be identified to further determine why they are performing better and then to use these districts as role models in efforts to overcome childhood anaemia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-13
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2595393-X
    ISSN 2090-1275 ; 2090-1267
    ISSN (online) 2090-1275
    ISSN 2090-1267
    DOI 10.1155/2019/1598920
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article: The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination.

    Nguyen, Doan C / Hentenaar, Ian T / Morrison-Porter, Andrea / Solano, David / Haddad, Natalie S / Castrillon, Carlos / Lamothe, Pedro A / Andrews, Joel / Roberts, Danielle / Lonial, Sagar / Sanz, Ignacio / Lee, F Eun-Hyung

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for ... ...

    Abstract The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.02.24303242
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: The Majority of SARS-CoV-2 Plasma Cells are Excluded from the Bone Marrow Long-Lived Compartment 33 Months after mRNA Vaccination.

    Lee, Frances / Nguyen, Doan / Hentenaar, Ian / Morrison-Porter, Andrea / Solano, David / Haddad, Natalie / Castrillon, Carlos / Lamothe, Pedro / Andrews, Joel / Roberts, Danielle / Lonial, Sagar / Sanz, Ignacio

    Research square

    2024  

    Abstract: The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for ... ...

    Abstract The goal of any vaccine is to induce long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) to provide life-long protection. Natural infection by influenza, measles, or mumps viruses generates bone marrow (BM) LLPC similar to tetanus vaccination which affords safeguards for decades. Although the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines protect from severe disease, the serologic half-life is short-lived even though SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells can be found in the BM. To better understand this paradox, we enrolled 19 healthy adults at 1.5-33 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and measured influenza-, tetanus-, or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) in LLPC (CD19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979237/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy for people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

    Gurusamy, Kurinchi / Leung, Jeffrey / Vale, Claire / Roberts, Danielle / Linden, Audrey / Tan, Xiao Wei / Taribagil, Priyal / Patel, Sonam / Pizzo, Elena / Davidson, Brian / Saunders, Mark / Aziz, Omer / O'Dwyer, Sarah T

    World journal of surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: There is uncertainty in the relative benefits and harms of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) when added to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) +/- systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is uncertainty in the relative benefits and harms of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) when added to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) +/- systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, gastric, or ovarian cancers.
    Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the medical literature until April 14, 2022 and applied methods used for high-quality systematic reviews.
    Findings: We included a total of eight RCTs (seven RCTs included in quantitative analysis as one RCT did not provide data in an analyzable format). All comparisons other than ovarian cancer contained only one trial. For gastric cancer, there is high uncertainty about the effect of CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy. For stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval cytoreductive surgery, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably decreases all-cause mortality compared to CRS + systemic chemotherapy. For colorectal cancer, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably results in little to no difference in all-cause mortality and may increase the serious adverse events proportions compared to CRS +/- systemic chemotherapy, but probably decreases all-cause mortality compared to fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy alone.
    Interpretation: The role of CRS + HIPEC in gastric peritoneal metastases is uncertain. CRS + HIPEC should be standard of care in women with stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval CRS. CRS + systemic chemotherapy should be standard of care for people with colorectal peritoneal metastases, with HIPEC given only as part of a RCT focusing on subgroups and regimes.
    Prospero registration: CRD42019130504.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224043-9
    ISSN 1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
    ISSN (online) 1432-2323
    ISSN 0364-2313
    DOI 10.1002/wjs.12186
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Risk factors of malaria in children under the age of five years old in Uganda.

    Roberts, Danielle / Matthews, Glenda

    Malaria journal

    2016  Volume 15, Page(s) 246

    Abstract: Background: Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity in Uganda with 90-95 % of the population at risk and it contributing to approximately 13 % of under-five mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the malaria ... ...

    Abstract Background: Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity in Uganda with 90-95 % of the population at risk and it contributing to approximately 13 % of under-five mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the malaria status of children under the age of 5 years old in Uganda and selected socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors, as well as to identify significant risk factors associated with malaria.
    Methods: This study made use of data collected from the 2014 Malaria Indicator Survey conducted in Uganda. Two test procedures for malaria in children under the age of 5 years old were carried out. Due to the complex survey design, a generalized linear mixed model was used to test for associations between several independent variables and the response variable, which was whether a child tested positive or negative for malaria according to the microscopy test.
    Results: The sample in this study was made up of 4939 children. Of those children, 974 tested positive for malaria, resulting in an observed malaria prevalence of 19.7 %. The socio-economic factors closely related to the risk of malaria were main floor material, main wall material and availability of electricity in the household. The event of indoor residual spraying (IRS) significantly reduced a child's risk of malaria. An older child was associated with a higher risk of malaria, however their risk decreased with an increase in cluster altitude and an increase in their caregiver's education level.
    Conclusion: Although there has been a significant increase in the use of mosquito nets since the previous Malaria Indicator Survey done in 2009, particularly in the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), these control measures alone may not be sufficient. IRS will be a key strategy in reaching the malaria goals set by the government of Uganda. Supplementing these control measures with education of appropriate and consistent use of ITNs and LLINs, as well as education of practicing safe living habits, such as reducing outdoor activities during peak biting hours of a mosquito, can go a long way in aiding the reduction of the burden of malaria in Uganda.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/parasitology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Uganda/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-016-1290-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Serotonin-deficient neonatal mice are not protected against the development of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia or pulmonary hypertension.

    Roberts, Danielle S / Sherlock, Laura G / Posey, Janelle N / Archambault, Jamie L / Nozik, Eva S / Delaney, Cassidy A

    Physiological reports

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 19, Page(s) e15482

    Abstract: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor and contributes to high pulmonary vascular resistance in the developing ovine lung. In experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ( ...

    Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor and contributes to high pulmonary vascular resistance in the developing ovine lung. In experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1), the rate limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, and plasma 5-HT are increased. 5-HT blockade increases pulmonary blood flow and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH in neonatal models of PH with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesized that neonatal tph1 knock-out (KO) mice would be protected from hypoxia-induced alveolar simplification, decreased vessel density, and PH. Newborn wild-type (WT) and tph1 KO mice were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 2 weeks. Normoxic WT and KO mice exhibited similar alveolar development, pulmonary vascular density, right ventricular systolic pressures (RVSPs), and right heart size. Circulating (plasma and platelet) 5-HT decreased in both hypoxia-exposed WT and KO mice. Tph1 KO mice were not protected from hypoxia-induced alveolar simplification, decreased pulmonary vascular density, or right ventricular hypertrophy, but displayed attenuation to hypoxia-induced RVSP elevation compared with WT mice. Tph1 KO neonatal mice are not protected against hypoxia-induced alveolar simplification, reduction in pulmonary vessel density, or RVH. While genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of tph1 has protective effects in adult models of PH, our results suggest that tph1 inhibition would not be beneficial in neonates with PH associated with BPD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Animals, Newborn ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/genetics ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control ; Hypoxia/complications ; Hypoxia/genetics ; Mice, Knockout ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Sheep ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics ; Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Serotonin (333DO1RDJY) ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4) ; Vasoconstrictor Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.15482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article: Call Me Maybe… A Simulation Based Curriculum for Telephone Triage Education in a Pediatric Residency.

    Blumberg, Joel S / Barajaz, Michelle / Roberts, Danielle / Clary, Cody / Kumar, Shelley

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2020  Volume 8, Page(s) 283

    Abstract: Pediatrician communication with caregivers by phone has traditionally made a significant impact on patient care but remains a source of medical liability. Despite its importance, few publications exist regarding the education of pediatric residents on ... ...

    Abstract Pediatrician communication with caregivers by phone has traditionally made a significant impact on patient care but remains a source of medical liability. Despite its importance, few publications exist regarding the education of pediatric residents on telephone triage. Our study involved the development of an educational curriculum aimed at expanding the pediatric resident skill set in telephone triage. Our method of curriculum development is based on Kolb's experiential learning theory. We utilized a combination of resource familiarization, didactic education, and simulation in the building of knowledge through reflection upon concrete experience, generalization of knowledge gained, and application of this new knowledge. We developed a 30-min PowerPoint presentation in which instructors reviewed the basic tenets of telephone triage. In the pilot study, residents were divided into two groups-a didactic-first group and a simulation-first group. Their performance was monitored during two scripted, symptom based "parent" phone call simulations. The didactic-first group received the PowerPoint didactic prior to the simulation, and the simulation-first group received the didactic after the simulation. A comparison of resident evaluations by faculty and self-documented confidence level revealed statistically significant higher evaluation scores in the didactic-first group, and an overall improvement in resident confidence with telephone triage. We conclude that this educational curriculum may improve pediatric resident performance in telephone triage.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2020.00283
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top