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Article ; Online: Challenges in Understanding Human-Algorithm Entanglement During Online Information Consumption.

Lewandowsky, Stephan / Robertson, Ronald E / DiResta, Renee

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

2023 , Page(s) 17456916231180809

Abstract: Most content consumed online is curated by proprietary algorithms deployed by social media platforms and search engines. In this article, we explore the interplay between these algorithms and human agency. Specifically, we consider the extent of ... ...

Abstract	Most content consumed online is curated by proprietary algorithms deployed by social media platforms and search engines. In this article, we explore the interplay between these algorithms and human agency. Specifically, we consider the extent of entanglement or coupling between humans and algorithms along a continuum from implicit to explicit demand. We emphasize that the interactions people have with algorithms not only shape users' experiences in that moment but because of the mutually shaping nature of such systems can also have longer-term effects through modifications of the underlying social-network structure. Understanding these mutually shaping systems is challenging given that researchers presently lack access to relevant platform data. We argue that increased transparency, more data sharing, and greater protections for external researchers examining the algorithms are required to help researchers better understand the entanglement between humans and algorithms. This better understanding is essential to support the development of algorithms with greater benefits and fewer risks to the public.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2224911-4
ISSN	1745-6924 ; 1745-6916
ISSN (online)	1745-6924
ISSN	1745-6916
DOI	10.1177/17456916231180809
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Entwicklung und Design einer Mobile-Learning-Applikation für die Schulung afrikanischer Krankenhausmitarbeiter

Robertson, Ronald

Impulse für das Management , p. 257-269

2017 , Page(s) 257–269

Author's details	Ronald Robertson
Keywords	Krankenhaus ; Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement ; E-Learning
Language	German
Publishing place	WiesbadennSpringer Gabler
Document type	Article
ISBN	978-3-658-12392-5 ; 3-658-12392-3
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Subscriptions and external links help drive resentful users to alternative and extremist YouTube channels.

Chen, Annie Y / Nyhan, Brendan / Reifler, Jason / Robertson, Ronald E / Wilson, Christo

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 35, Page(s) eadd8080

Abstract: Do online platforms facilitate the consumption of potentially harmful content? Using paired behavioral and survey data provided by participants recruited from a representative sample in 2020 ( ...

Abstract	Do online platforms facilitate the consumption of potentially harmful content? Using paired behavioral and survey data provided by participants recruited from a representative sample in 2020 (
MeSH term(s)	Social Media ; Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.add8080
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search.

Robertson, Ronald E / Green, Jon / Ruck, Damian J / Ognyanova, Katherine / Wilson, Christo / Lazer, David

Nature

2023 Volume 618, Issue 7964, Page(s) 342–348

Abstract: If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political ... ...

Abstract	If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political polarization
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Choice Behavior ; Information Sources/statistics & numerical data ; Information Sources/supply & distribution ; Politics ; Prejudice/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Search Engine/methods ; Search Engine/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5
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Article ; Online: Weight-Based Dosing for Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) Administration to Achieve Optimal VTE Prophylaxis in Trauma Patients.

Thind, Tarendeep / Heye, Thomas / Henson, Curran / Reif, Rebecca / Jensen, Hanna K / Kalkwarf, Kyle J / Bhavaraju, Avi / Robertson, Ronald / Jenkins, Allison

The American surgeon

2024 , Page(s) 31348241241620

Abstract: Introduction: Patients admitted after traumatic injuries are at high risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly used to prevent VTE in this patient population; however, the optimal dosing strategy ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Patients admitted after traumatic injuries are at high risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly used to prevent VTE in this patient population; however, the optimal dosing strategy has yet to be determined. To address this question, a fixed-dosing strategy of LMWH was compared to a weight-based dosing strategy of LMWH for VTE prophylaxis. Methods: A retrospective, pre-post implementation cohort study compared a fixed vs a weight-based dosing strategy of LMWH for VTE prophylaxis. Patients admitted to our level 1 trauma center were included if they had an estimated glomerular filtration rate >30 mL/min/1.73 m Results: There were 817 patients in the fixed-dosing group (FDG) and 874 patients in the weight-based dosing group (WBDG). In the FDG, 42.8% of the patients achieved the goal initial anti-Xa level, with 54.1% and 3.1% reaching sub- and supratherapeutic doses, respectively. In the WBDG, 66.5% of patients reached goal initial anti-Xa levels, with 23.5% and 10.1% at sub- and supratherapeutic levels. The distribution of dose ranges was significantly different between the dosing strategies ( Conclusions: In our study, weight-based dosing of LMWH yielded a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved goal prophylactic anti-Xa levels than fixed-dosing of LMWH. Larger-scale studies are needed to assess the risk of VTE events and bleeding with these dosing strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202465-2
ISSN	1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
ISSN (online)	1555-9823
ISSN	0003-1348
DOI	10.1177/00031348241241620
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Book ; Online: Googling for Abortion

Mejova, Yelena / Gracyk, Tatiana / Robertson, Ronald E.

Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States

2022

Abstract: Among the myriad barriers to abortion access, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) pose an additional difficulty by targeting women with unexpected or "crisis" pregnancies in order to dissuade them from the procedure. Web search engines may prove to be ... ...

Abstract	Among the myriad barriers to abortion access, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) pose an additional difficulty by targeting women with unexpected or "crisis" pregnancies in order to dissuade them from the procedure. Web search engines may prove to be another barrier, being in a powerful position to direct their users to health information, and above all, health services. In this study we ask, to what degree does Google Search provide quality responses to users searching for an abortion provider, specifically in terms of directing them to abortion clinics (ACs) or CPCs. To answer this question, we considered the scenario of a woman searching for abortion services online, and conducted 10 abortion-related queries from 467 locations across the United States once a week for 14 weeks. Overall, among Google's location results that feature businesses alongside a map, 79.4% were ACs, and 6.9% were CPCs. When an AC was returned, it was the closest known AC location 86.9% of the time. However, when a CPC appeared in a result set, it was the closest one to the search location 75.9% of the time. Examining correlates of AC results, we found that fewer AC results were returned for searches from poorer and rural areas, and those with TRAP laws governing AC facility and clinician requirements. We also observed that Google's performance on our queries significantly improved following a major algorithm update. These results have important implications concerning health access quality and equity, both for individual users and public health policy.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Subject code	302
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The silent killer: Previously undetected pulmonary emboli that result in death after discharge.

Kalkwarf, Kyle J / Yang, Yijiong / Mora, Stephen / Wolf, Dwayne A / Robertson, Ronald D / Holcomb, John B / Drake, Stacy A

Injury

2023 Volume 54, Issue 11, Page(s) 111016

Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a recognized cause of death in hospitalized trauma patients, yet less is known about PE after discharge.: Patients & methods: All post-discharge, autopsy-demonstrated, fatal PE resulting from trauma within a ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a recognized cause of death in hospitalized trauma patients, yet less is known about PE after discharge. Patients & methods: All post-discharge, autopsy-demonstrated, fatal PE resulting from trauma within a large US county over six years were analyzed. Counts, percentages, mean values, SD, and IQR were calculated for all variables. Results: 1848 trauma deaths were reviewed, of which 85% had an autopsy. Eighty-five patients died from PE after discharge from their initial injury. 53% were initially treated at non-trauma centers, and 9% did not seek medical assistance. 75% were injured by falling, and most injuries occurred in the lower extremities. 86% had an ISS <16, but 87% needed assistance or were bed-bound after injury, despite 75% having no mobility limitations before the injury. 53% died within one month of injury, and 91% within the first year. Before death, only 11% were prescribed chemical thromboprophylaxis or an antiplatelet agent, and only 8% were diagnosed with venous thromboembolism before death. Conclusions: Fatal PE after discharge typically occurred following activity-limiting lower extremity injuries with an ISS<16.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control ; Patient Discharge ; Aftercare ; Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218778-4
ISSN	1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
ISSN (online)	1879-0267
ISSN	0020-1383
DOI	10.1016/j.injury.2023.111016
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Article ; Online: Progressive Reduction in Preventable Mortality in a State Trauma System Using Continuous Preventable Mortality Review to Drive Provider Education: Results of Analyzing 1,979 Trauma Deaths from 2015 to 2022.

Mabry, Charles D / Davis, Benjamin / Sutherland, Michael / Robertson, Ronald / Carger, Jennifer / Wyrick, Deidre / Collins, Terry / Porter, Austin / Kalkwarf, Kyle

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2023 Volume 238, Issue 4, Page(s) 426–434

Abstract: Background: The state legislature codified and funded the Arkansas Trauma System (ATS) in 2009. Quarterly preventable mortality reviews (PMRs) by the ATS began in 2015 and were used to guide state-wide targeted education to reduce preventable or ... ...

Abstract	Background: The state legislature codified and funded the Arkansas Trauma System (ATS) in 2009. Quarterly preventable mortality reviews (PMRs) by the ATS began in 2015 and were used to guide state-wide targeted education to reduce preventable or potentially preventable (P/PP) deaths. We present the results of this PMR-education initiative from 2015 to 2022. Study design: The ATS uses a statistical sampling model of the Arkansas Trauma Registry to select ~40% of the deaths for quarterly review, reflecting the overall the Arkansas Trauma Registry mortality population. A multispecialty PMR committee reviews the medical records from prehospital care to death, and hospital and regional advisory council reviews for each death. The PMR committee assigns opportunities for improvement (OFIs), cause(s) of death, and the likelihood of preventability for each case. Education to improve trauma care includes annual state-wide trauma meetings, novel classes targeted at level III/IV trauma center hospital providers, trauma evidence-based guidelines, and PMR "pearls." Results: We reviewed 1,979 deaths with 211 (10.6%) deaths judged to be P/PP deaths. There was a progressive decrease in P/PP deaths and OFIs for P/PP deaths. Five OFI types targeted by education accounted for 72% of the 24 possible OFI types in the P/PP cases, and 94% of the "contributory OFIs." Reductions in "delay in treatment" resulted in the most rapid decrease in P/PP deaths. Conclusions: Using ongoing PMR studies to target provider education led to a reduction in P/PP deaths and OFIs for P/PP deaths. Focusing on education designed to improve preventable mortality can result in a substantial decrease in P/PP deaths by 43% (14% to 8%) for trauma systems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hospitals ; Registries ; Educational Status ; Trauma Centers ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy ; Cause of Death ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1097/XCS.0000000000000935
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Article: Paradoxical embolism through PFO leading to stroke in a gunshot victim with IVC injury.

Elms, Christopher / Robertson, Ronald D / Kimbrough, Mary

Journal of surgical case reports

2018 Volume 2018, Issue 11, Page(s) rjy308

Abstract: A 23-year-old man presented to the emergency department with multiple gunshot wounds to the chest and abdomen, and was taken to the operating room emergently for exploratory laparotomy due to hemodynamic instability. The patient underwent inferior vena ... ...

Abstract	A 23-year-old man presented to the emergency department with multiple gunshot wounds to the chest and abdomen, and was taken to the operating room emergently for exploratory laparotomy due to hemodynamic instability. The patient underwent inferior vena cava (IVC), bowel and ureter repair during the procedure, requiring massive amounts of blood products. The patient transferred to the surgical intensive care unit with a routine post-operative course for approximately the next 7 days before presenting with signs of stroke. The patient was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis in IVC at the repair site on a follow-up venogram. Upon further work-up with echocardiography, the patient was determined to have a patent foramen ovale (PFO), with paradoxical embolism as the most likely cause of the stroke. We present this unusual case of a GSW leading to stroke due to embolism from a venous source through a PFO.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2042-8812
ISSN	2042-8812
DOI	10.1093/jscr/rjy308
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The search engine manipulation effect (SEME) and its possible impact on the outcomes of elections.

Epstein, Robert / Robertson, Ronald E

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2015 Volume 112, Issue 33, Page(s) E4512–21

Abstract: Internet search rankings have a significant impact on consumer choices, mainly because users trust and choose higher-ranked results more than lower-ranked results. Given the apparent power of search rankings, we asked whether they could be manipulated to ...

Abstract	Internet search rankings have a significant impact on consumer choices, mainly because users trust and choose higher-ranked results more than lower-ranked results. Given the apparent power of search rankings, we asked whether they could be manipulated to alter the preferences of undecided voters in democratic elections. Here we report the results of five relevant double-blind, randomized controlled experiments, using a total of 4,556 undecided voters representing diverse demographic characteristics of the voting populations of the United States and India. The fifth experiment is especially notable in that it was conducted with eligible voters throughout India in the midst of India's 2014 Lok Sabha elections just before the final votes were cast. The results of these experiments demonstrate that (i) biased search rankings can shift the voting preferences of undecided voters by 20% or more, (ii) the shift can be much higher in some demographic groups, and (iii) search ranking bias can be masked so that people show no awareness of the manipulation. We call this type of influence, which might be applicable to a variety of attitudes and beliefs, the search engine manipulation effect. Given that many elections are won by small margins, our results suggest that a search engine company has the power to influence the results of a substantial number of elections with impunity. The impact of such manipulations would be especially large in countries dominated by a single search engine company.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; California ; Choice Behavior ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Internet ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Politics ; Random Allocation ; Search Engine ; United States ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1419828112
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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