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  1. Article ; Online: Silicon-Based Optical Mirror Coatings for Ultrahigh Precision Metrology and Sensing.

    Steinlechner, J / Martin, I W / Bell, A S / Hough, J / Fletcher, M / Murray, P G / Robie, R / Rowan, S / Schnabel, R

    Physical review letters

    2018  Volume 120, Issue 26, Page(s) 263602

    Abstract: Thermal noise of highly reflective mirror coatings is a major limit to the sensitivity of many precision laser experiments with strict requirements such as low optical absorption. Here, we investigate amorphous silicon and silicon nitride as an ... ...

    Abstract Thermal noise of highly reflective mirror coatings is a major limit to the sensitivity of many precision laser experiments with strict requirements such as low optical absorption. Here, we investigate amorphous silicon and silicon nitride as an alternative to the currently used combination of coating materials, silica, and tantala. We demonstrate an improvement by a factor of ≈55 with respect to the lowest so far reported optical absorption of amorphous silicon at near-infrared wavelengths. This reduction was achieved via a combination of heat treatment, final operation at low temperature, and a wavelength of 2  μm instead of the more commonly used 1550 nm. Our silicon-based coating offers a factor of 12 thermal noise reduction compared to the performance possible with silica and tantala at 20 K. In gravitational-wave detectors, a noise reduction by a factor of 12 corresponds to an increase in the average detection rate by three orders of magnitude (≈12^{3}).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.263602
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mirror Coating Solution for the Cryogenic Einstein Telescope.

    Craig, Kieran / Steinlechner, Jessica / Murray, Peter G / Bell, Angus S / Birney, Ross / Haughian, Karen / Hough, Jim / MacLaren, Ian / Penn, Steve / Reid, Stuart / Robie, Raymond / Rowan, Sheila / Martin, Iain W

    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 122, Issue 23, Page(s) 231102

    Abstract: Planned cryogenic gravitational-wave detectors will require improved coatings with a strain thermal noise reduced by a factor of 25 compared to Advanced LIGO. We present investigations of HfO_{2} doped with SiO_{2} as a new coating material for future ... ...

    Abstract Planned cryogenic gravitational-wave detectors will require improved coatings with a strain thermal noise reduced by a factor of 25 compared to Advanced LIGO. We present investigations of HfO_{2} doped with SiO_{2} as a new coating material for future detectors. Our measurements show an extinction coefficient of k=6×10^{-6} and a mechanical loss of ϕ=3.8×10^{-4} at 10 K, which is a factor of 2 below that of SiO_{2}, the currently used low refractive-index coating material. These properties make HfO_{2} doped with SiO_{2} ideally suited as a low-index partner material for use with a-Si in the lower part of a multimaterial coating. Based on these results, we present a multimaterial coating design which, for the first time, can simultaneously meet the strict requirements on optical absorption and thermal noise of the cryogenic Einstein Telescope.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.231102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: High Precision Detection of Change in Intermediate Range Order of Amorphous Zirconia-Doped Tantala Thin Films Due to Annealing.

    Prasai, K / Jiang, J / Mishkin, A / Shyam, B / Angelova, S / Birney, R / Drabold, D A / Fazio, M / Gustafson, E K / Harry, G / Hoback, S / Hough, J / Lévesque, C / MacLaren, I / Markosyan, A / Martin, I W / Menoni, C S / Murray, P G / Penn, S /
    Reid, S / Robie, R / Rowan, S / Schiettekatte, F / Shink, R / Turner, A / Vajente, G / Cheng, H-P / Fejer, M M / Mehta, A / Bassiri, R

    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 123, Issue 4, Page(s) 45501

    Abstract: Understanding the local atomic order in amorphous thin film coatings and how it relates to macroscopic performance factors, such as mechanical loss, provides an important path towards enabling the accelerated discovery and development of improved ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the local atomic order in amorphous thin film coatings and how it relates to macroscopic performance factors, such as mechanical loss, provides an important path towards enabling the accelerated discovery and development of improved coatings. High precision x-ray scattering measurements of thin films of amorphous zirconia-doped tantala (ZrO_{2}-Ta_{2}O_{5}) show systematic changes in intermediate range order (IRO) as a function of postdeposition heat treatment (annealing). Atomic modeling captures and explains these changes, and shows that the material has building blocks of metal-centered polyhedra and the effect of annealing is to alter the connections between the polyhedra. The observed changes in IRO are associated with a shift in the ratio of corner-sharing to edge-sharing polyhedra. These changes correlate with changes in mechanical loss upon annealing, and suggest that the mechanical loss can be reduced by developing a material with a designed ratio of corner-sharing to edge-sharing polyhedra.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.045501
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: Exploration of co-sputtered Ta$_2$O$_5$-ZrO$_2$ thin films for gravitational-wave detectors

    Abernathy, M. / Amato, A. / Ananyeva, A. / Angelova, S. / Baloukas, B. / Bassiri, R. / Billingsley, G. / Birney, R / Cagnoli, G. / Canepa, M. / Coulon, M. / Degallaix, J. / Di Michele, A. / Fazio, M. A. / Fejer, M. M. / Forest, D. / Gier, C. / Granata, M. / Gretarsson, A. M. /
    Gretarsson, E. M. / Gustafson, E. / Hough, E. J. / Irving, M. / Lalande, É. / Lévesque, C. / Lussier, A. W. / Markosyan, A. / Martin, I. W. / Martinu, L. / Maynard, B. / Menoni, C. S. / Michel, C. / Murray, P. G. / Osthelder, C. / Penn, S. / Pinard, L. / Prasai, K. / Reid, S. / Robie, R. / Rowan, S. / Sassolas, B. / Schiettekatte, F. / Shink, R. / Tait, S. / Teillon, J. / Vajente, G. / Ward, M. / Yang, L.

    2021  

    Abstract: We report on the development and extensive characterization of co-sputtered tantala-zirconia thin films, with the goal to decrease coating Brownian noise in present and future gravitational-wave detectors. We tested a variety of sputtering processes of ... ...

    Abstract We report on the development and extensive characterization of co-sputtered tantala-zirconia thin films, with the goal to decrease coating Brownian noise in present and future gravitational-wave detectors. We tested a variety of sputtering processes of different energies and deposition rates, and we considered the effect of different values of cation ratio $\eta =$ Zr/(Zr+Ta) and of post-deposition heat treatment temperature $T_a$ on the optical and mechanical properties of the films. Co-sputtered zirconia proved to be an efficient way to frustrate crystallization in tantala thin films, allowing for a substantial increase of the maximum annealing temperature and hence for a decrease of coating mechanical loss. The lowest average coating loss was observed for an ion-beam sputtered sample with $\eta = 0.485 \pm 0.004$ annealed at 800 $^{\circ}$C, yielding $\overline{\varphi} = 1.8 \times 10^{-4}$. All coating samples showed cracks after annealing. Although in principle our measurements are sensitive to such defects, we found no evidence that our results were affected. The issue could be solved, at least for ion-beam sputtered coatings, by decreasing heating and cooling rates down to 7 $^{\circ}$C/h. While we observed as little optical absorption as in the coatings of current gravitational-wave interferometers (0.5 parts per million), further development will be needed to decrease light scattering and avoid the formation of defects upon annealing.
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
    Subject code 620
    Publishing date 2021-03-25
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  5. Article: Ground water management in the Central Valley

    Robie, R.B

    Proceedings of the specialty conference Water Forum '81 : host, San Francisco Section, ASCE, San Francisco, California, August 10-14, 1981 / sponsored by the Environmental Engineering Division ... [et al.].

    1981  

    Title variant Ground water management in the Central Valley [California].
    Keywords California
    Language English
    Size p. 1134-1141., maps.
    Publisher American Society of Civil Engineering, c1981.
    Publishing place New York
    Document type Article
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Irrigation development in California--construction or water management?

    Robie, R.B

    Irrigation ; challenges of the 80's. Oct 1980.

    1980  

    Keywords California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 1980-10
    Size p. 1-7.
    Document type Article
    Note Presented at the 2nd National Irrigation Symposium, October 20-23, 1980, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.
    ISBN 091615033X ; 9780916150334
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Journal: The impact of Federal Water Policy on state planning, a cautionary example

    Robie, R.B.

    American Water Works Association. Journal

    1980  Volume 72, Page(s) 70–73

    Abstract: Langfristige Reform der Wasserpolitik erfolgreicher, wenn Regierungen der Bundesstaaten Gesetze der Bundesregierung in der Wasserverwaltung annehmen sowie dahingehend kooperieren, dass die Reformen durchfuehrbar und die betroffenen oertlichen und ... ...

    Abstract Langfristige Reform der Wasserpolitik erfolgreicher, wenn Regierungen der Bundesstaaten Gesetze der Bundesregierung in der Wasserverwaltung annehmen sowie dahingehend kooperieren, dass die Reformen durchfuehrbar und die betroffenen oertlichen und staatlichen Taetigkeiten in die Planung einbozogen werden.- Bericht veranschaulicht Erfahrungen in Kalifornien sowie das gegenwaertige Potential fuer Konflikte.- Verhaeltnis Bundesstaat zu Bund in der Vergangenheit. Konflikte bei Wasserprojekten zwischen Bundesstaat und Bund.- Konflikte zwischen Bundesstaat und Bund im Hinblick auf Rechtsordnungen.
    Keywords Wasserwirtschaft ; Planung ; Wasserrecht
    Language English
    Document type Journal
    Database OPAC and Environmental database (ULIDAT) of The Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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  8. Article: California's program for dealing with the drought

    Robie, R.B

    Journal Feb 1978, 70 (2)

    1978  

    Title variant California's program for dealing with the drought [Water resources]
    Keywords water resources ; California
    Language English
    Size p. 64-68.
    Document type Article
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Journal: California's programm for dealing with the drought

    Robie, R.B.

    American Water Works Association. Journal

    1978  Volume 70, Page(s) 64–68

    Abstract: In Kalifonien und im Westen herrschte die schwerste Duerrezeit, die je bekannt wurde. Der Staat konnte den schwierigen Bedinungen waehrend der Duerre begegnen und ist fuer weitere Trockenzeiten geruestet. - Auswirkungen der Duerre in der Landwirtschaft ... ...

    Abstract In Kalifonien und im Westen herrschte die schwerste Duerrezeit, die je bekannt wurde. Der Staat konnte den schwierigen Bedinungen waehrend der Duerre begegnen und ist fuer weitere Trockenzeiten geruestet. - Auswirkungen der Duerre in der Landwirtschaft und Industrie;Schaeden am Tierbestand;Schwierigkeiten in Staedten. Lehren aus der Trockenzeit: keine Wasserverschwendung;Speicherbecken;Wasserrationierung etc. Massnahmen in Kalifornien. Auswirkungen der Duerre und Plaene fuer 1978: weitere Wasserkonservierung;effektive Wassernutzung;Nutzung von Oberflaechen- und Grundwasser;Verbesserung der Wettervorhersage;Verbesserung der Wassergesetze;Bau von Anlagen.
    Keywords Wassereinsparung ; Wassernutzung ; Wasserrecht
    Language English
    Document type Journal
    Database OPAC and Environmental database (ULIDAT) of The Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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  10. Article: Equilibrium of Talc with Enstatite and Quartz.

    Robie, R A

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    1964  Volume 143, Issue 3610, Page(s) 1057

    Abstract: A thermodynamic calculation of the vapor pressure of H(2)0 in equilibrium with talc gives p(H(2)O) of one atmosphere at 718 degrees +/- 15 degrees K in contradiction to the results of Mueller. ...

    Abstract A thermodynamic calculation of the vapor pressure of H(2)0 in equilibrium with talc gives p(H(2)O) of one atmosphere at 718 degrees +/- 15 degrees K in contradiction to the results of Mueller.
    Language English
    Publishing date 1964-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.143.3610.1057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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