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Book ; Online: Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic

Edwards, Eva-Lou / Choi, Yonghoon / Crosbie, Ewan C. / DiGangi, Joshua P. / Diskin, Glenn S. / Robinson, Claire E. / Shook, Michael A. / Winstead, Edward L. / Ziemba, Luke D. / Sorooshian, Armin

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An in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset

2023

Abstract: Chloride (Cl - ) displacement from sea salt particles is an extensively studied phenomenon with implications on human health, visibility, and the global radiation budget. Past works have investigated Cl - depletion over the northwest Atlantic (NWA), yet ... ...

Abstract	Chloride (Cl - ) displacement from sea salt particles is an extensively studied phenomenon with implications on human health, visibility, and the global radiation budget. Past works have investigated Cl - depletion over the northwest Atlantic (NWA), yet an updated, multiseasonal, and geographically expanded account of sea salt reactivity over the region is needed. This study uses chemically resolved mass concentrations and meteorological data from the airborne Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) to quantify seasonal, spatial, and meteorological trends in Cl - depletion and to explore the importance of quantifying (1) non-sea salt sources of Na + and (2) mass concentrations of lost Cl - instead of relative amounts displaced. Lost Cl - mass concentrations are lowest in December–February and March, moderate around Bermuda in June, and highest in May (median losses of 0.04, 0.04, 0.66, and 1.76 µg m -3 , respectively), with losses in May high enough to potentially accelerate tropospheric oxidation rates. Inorganic acidic species can account for all Cl - depletion in December–February, March, and June near Bermuda, yet none of the lost Cl - in May, suggesting organic acids may be of importance for Cl - displacement in certain months. Contributions of dust to Na + are not important seasonally but may cause relevant overestimates of lost Cl - in smoke and dust plumes. Higher percentages of Cl - depletion often do not correspond to larger mass concentrations of lost Cl - , so it is highly recommended to quantify the latter to place depletion reactions in context with their role in atmospheric oxidation and radiative forcing.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: New Particle Formation in the Tropical Free Troposphere during CAMP2Ex

Xiao, Qian / Zhang, Jiaoshi / Wang, Yang / Ziemba, Luke D. / Crosbie, Ewan / Winstead, Edward L. / Robinson, Claire E. / DiGangi, Joshua P. / Diskin, Glenn S. / Reid, Jeffrey S. / Schmidt, K. Sebastian / Sorooshian, Armin / Hilario, Miguel Ricardo A. / Woods, Sarah / Lawson, Paul / Stamnes, Snorre A. / Wang, Jian

eISSN: 1680-7324

Statistics and Impact of Emission Sources, Convective activity, and Synoptic Condition

2023

Abstract: Nucleation in the free troposphere (FT) and subsequent growth of new particles represents a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Whereas new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to occur frequently in the upper troposphere ... ...

Abstract	Nucleation in the free troposphere (FT) and subsequent growth of new particles represents a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Whereas new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to occur frequently in the upper troposphere over tropical oceans, there have been few studies of NPF at lower altitudes over the tropical marine environment. In addition, the impact of anthropogenic emissions and biomass burning on NPF over the tropics remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine NPF in the lower and mid troposphere (3–8.5 km) over ocean and coastal regions of the Sulu Sea and Northern Subtropical Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia using airborne measurements during the recent Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP 2 Ex). CAMP 2 Ex took place from 25 August through 5 October 2019, including both late southwest monsoon and monsoon transition. Recent NPF events, as evidenced by elevated concentrations of newly formed particles (i.e., particles of diameters between 3 and 10 nm), were observed during 4 % of the total flight time (5 out of 128 hours). The frequency of NPF increases with altitude, reaching 49 % above an altitude of 8 km. NPF was mostly observed at altitudes above 3 km and coincided with elevated relative humidity (RH), suggesting that NPF is closely associated with convective cloud outflow in conditions of low temperature and reduced pre-existing particle concentrations. Air masses are categorized into background, biomass burning-influenced, and urban-influenced air based on in-situ CO, CH 4 and O 3 measurements. NPF in background air was mostly observed above 6 km, typically accompanied by the lowest surface area among all air mass types. NPF occurred above the 0 ºC level at 5.5–7 km in air masses influenced by convectively detrained biomass burning and/or urban emissions and was enhanced by 1) scavenged primary particles; 2) elevated precursor concentrations and 3) enhanced irradiance due to cloud reflections. However, NPF was suppressed in aged ...
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: New particle formation in the tropical free troposphere during CAMP2Ex

eISSN: 1680-7324

statistics and impact of emission sources, convective activity, and synoptic conditions

2023

Abstract: Nucleation in the free troposphere (FT) and subsequent growth of new particles represent a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Whereas new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to occur frequently in the upper troposphere over ...

Abstract	Nucleation in the free troposphere (FT) and subsequent growth of new particles represent a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Whereas new particle formation (NPF) has been shown to occur frequently in the upper troposphere over tropical oceans, there have been few studies of NPF at lower altitudes. In addition, the impact of urban emissions and biomass burning on the NPF in tropical marine FT remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine NPF in the lower and mid-troposphere (3–8.5 km ) over the tropical ocean and coastal region using airborne measurements during the recent Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP 2 Ex). NPF was mostly observed above 5.5 km and coincided with elevated relative humidity (RH) and reduced condensation sink (CS), suggesting that NPF occurs in convective cloud outflow. The frequency of NPF increases with altitude, reaching ∼ 50 % above 8 km . An abrupt decrease in NPF frequency coincides with early monsoon transition and is attributed to increased CS resulting from reduced convective activity and more frequent transport of aged urban plumes. Surprisingly, a large fraction of NPF events in background air were observed in the early morning, and the NPF is likely made possible by very low CS despite low actinic flux. Convectively detrained biomass-burning plumes and fresh urban emissions enhance NPF as a result of elevated precursor concentrations and scavenging of pre-existing particles. In contrast, NPF is suppressed in aged urban plumes where the reactive precursors are mostly consumed, while CS remains relatively high. This study shows a strong impact of urban and biomass-burning emissions on the NPF in tropical marine FT. The results also illustrate the competing influences of different variables and interactions among anthropogenic emissions, convective clouds, and meteorology, which lead to NPF under a variety of conditions in tropical marine environments.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North-Atlantic Ocean

eISSN:

2023

Abstract: Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the ... ...

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean

eISSN: 1680-7324

2023

Abstract	Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- and microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds in current climate models remains a challenge. One of the regions with large intermodel spread in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is the western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative in situ measurements can help to develop and constrain the parameterization of clouds in global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive measurements of boundary layer clouds, aerosol, trace gases, and radiation in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) mission. In total, 174 research flights with 574 flight hours for cloud and precipitation measurements were performed with the HU-25 Falcon during three winter (February–March 2020, January–April 2021, and November 2021–March 2022) and three summer seasons (August–September 2020, May–June 2021, and May–June 2022). Here we present a statistical evaluation of 16 140 individual cloud events probed by the fast cloud droplet probe and the two-dimensional stereo cloud probe during 155 research flights in a representative and repetitive flight strategy allowing for robust statistical data analyses. We show that the vertical profiles of distributions of the liquid water content and the cloud droplet effective diameter (ED) increase with altitude in the marine boundary layer. Due to higher updraft speeds, higher cloud droplet number concentrations ( N liquid ) were measured in winter compared to summer despite lower cloud condensation nucleus abundance. Flight cloud cover derived from statistical analysis of in situ data is reduced in summer and shows large variability. This seasonal contrast in cloud coverage is consistent with a dominance of a synoptic pattern in winter that favors conditions for the formation of stratiform clouds at the western edge of cyclones (post-cyclonic). In contrast, a ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Coupling an online ion conductivity measurement with the particle-into-liquid sampler: Evaluation and modeling using laboratory and field aerosol data.

Crosbie, Ewan / Shook, Michael A / Ziemba, Luke D / Anderson, Bruce E / Braun, Rachel A / Brown, Matthew D / Jordan, Carolyn E / MacDonald, Alexander B / Moore, Richard H / Nowak, John B / Robinson, Claire E / Shingler, Taylor / Sorooshian, Armin / Stahl, Connor / Thornhill, K Lee / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

2020 Volume 54, Issue 12, Page(s) 1542–1555

Abstract: A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a flow-through conductivity cell to provide a continuous, nondestructive, online measurement in support of offline ion chromatography analysis. The conductivity measurement provides a rapid assessment ... ...

Abstract	A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a flow-through conductivity cell to provide a continuous, nondestructive, online measurement in support of offline ion chromatography analysis. The conductivity measurement provides a rapid assessment of the total ion concentration augmenting slower batch-sample data from offline analysis and is developed primarily to assist airborne measurements, where fast time-response is essential. A conductivity model was developed for measured ions and excellent closure was derived for laboratory-generated aerosols (97% conductivity explained, R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0278-6826
ISSN	0278-6826
DOI	10.1080/02786826.2020.1795499
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Particulate Oxalate-To-Sulfate Ratio as an Aqueous Processing Marker: Similarity Across Field Campaigns and Limitations.

Hilario, Miguel Ricardo A / Crosbie, Ewan / Bañaga, Paola Angela / Betito, Grace / Braun, Rachel A / Cambaliza, Maria Obiminda / Corral, Andrea F / Cruz, Melliza Templonuevo / Dibb, Jack E / Lorenzo, Genevieve Rose / MacDonald, Alexander B / Robinson, Claire E / Shook, Michael A / Simpas, James Bernard / Stahl, Connor / Winstead, Edward / Ziemba, Luke D / Sorooshian, Armin

Geophysical research letters

2021 Volume 48, Issue 23

Abstract: Leveraging aerosol data from multiple airborne and surface-based field campaigns encompassing diverse environmental conditions, we calculate statistics of the oxalate-sulfate mass ratio (median: 0.0217; 95% confidence interval: 0.0154-0.0296; ...

Abstract	Leveraging aerosol data from multiple airborne and surface-based field campaigns encompassing diverse environmental conditions, we calculate statistics of the oxalate-sulfate mass ratio (median: 0.0217; 95% confidence interval: 0.0154-0.0296;
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7403-2
ISSN	0094-8276
ISSN	0094-8276
DOI	10.1029/2021gl096520
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Article: Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, From Space-Based Multi-Angle Imaging II: The Williams Flats Fire during the FIREX-AQ Campaign

Junghenn Noyes, Katherine T / Kahn, Ralph A / Limbacher, James A / Li, Zhanqing / Fenn, Marta A / Giles, David M / Hair, Johnathan W / Katich, Joseph M / Moore, Richard H / Robinson, Claire E / Sanchez, Kevin J / Shingler, Taylor J / Thornhill, Kenneth L / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward L

Remote Sensing. 2020 Nov. 21, v. 12, no. 22

2020

Abstract: Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the ...

Abstract	Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the spatial or temporal frequency of factors driving smoke particle evolution, such as hydration, coagulation, and oxidation, all of which impact smoke radiative forcing. In situ data from surface observation sites and aircraft field campaigns offer deep insight into the optical, chemical, and microphysical traits of biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosols, such as single scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution, but cannot by themselves provide robust statistical characterization of both emitted and evolved particles. Data from the NASA Earth Observing System’s Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument can provide at least a partial picture of BB particle properties and their evolution downwind, once properly validated. Here we use in situ data from the joint NOAA/NASA 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment-Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign to assess the strengths and limitations of MISR-derived constraints on particle size, shape, light-absorption, and its spectral slope, as well as plume height and associated wind vectors. Based on the satellite observations, we also offer inferences about aging mechanisms effecting downwind particle evolution, such as gravitational settling, oxidation, secondary particle formation, and the combination of particle aggregation and condensational growth. This work builds upon our previous study, adding confidence to our interpretation of the remote-sensing data based on an expanded suite of in situ measurements for validation. The satellite and in situ measurements offer similar characterizations of particle property evolution as a function of smoke age for the 06 August Williams Flats Fire, and most of the key differences in particle size and absorption can be attributed to differences in sampling and changes in the plume geometry between sampling times. Whereas the aircraft data provide validation for the MISR retrievals, the satellite data offer a spatially continuous mapping of particle properties over the plume, which helps identify trends in particle property downwind evolution that are ambiguous in the sparsely sampled aircraft transects. The MISR data record is more than two decades long, offering future opportunities to study regional wildfire plume behavior statistically, where aircraft data are limited or entirely lacking.
Keywords	Earth Observing System ; aerosols ; air pollutants ; particle size ; particle size distribution ; particulates ; remote sensing ; smoke ; spectroradiometers ; wildfires ; wind
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1121
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	golden set
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs12223823
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Targeted post-mortem computed tomography cardiac angiography: proof of concept.

Saunders, Sarah L / Morgan, Bruno / Raj, Vimal / Robinson, Claire E / Rutty, Guy N

International journal of legal medicine

2011 Volume 125, Issue 4, Page(s) 609–616

Abstract: With the increasing use and availability of multi-detector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in autopsy practice, there has been an international push towards the development of the so-called near virtual autopsy. However, currently, a ... ...

Abstract	With the increasing use and availability of multi-detector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in autopsy practice, there has been an international push towards the development of the so-called near virtual autopsy. However, currently, a significant obstacle to the consideration as to whether or not near virtual autopsies could one day replace the conventional invasive autopsy is the failure of post-mortem imaging to yield detailed information concerning the coronary arteries. To date, a cost-effective, practical solution to allow high throughput imaging has not been presented within the forensic literature. We present a proof of concept paper describing a simple, quick, cost-effective, manual, targeted in situ post-mortem cardiac angiography method using a minimally invasive approach, to be used with multi-detector computed tomography for high throughput cadaveric imaging which can be used in permanent or temporary mortuaries.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy/economics ; Autopsy/methods ; Cadaver ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography/economics ; Coronary Angiography/instrumentation ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Multidetector Computed Tomography/economics ; Multidetector Computed Tomography/instrumentation ; Postmortem Changes ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; User-Computer Interface
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media ; Diatrizoate Meglumine (3X9MR4N98U)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-011-0559-4
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Article ; Online: Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations.

Sanchez, Kevin J / Painemal, David / Brown, Matthew D / Crosbie, Ewan C / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Johnathan W / Hostetler, Chris A / Jordan, Carolyn E / Robinson, Claire E / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J / Shook, Michael A / Thornhill, Kenneth L / Wiggins, Elizabeth B / Winstead, Edward L / Ziemba, Luke D / Chambers, Scott / Williams, Alastair / Humphries, Ruhi S /

Scientific data

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 471

Abstract: In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; ... ...

Abstract	In-situ marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and CCN proxies, based on particle sizes and optical properties, are accumulated from seven field campaigns: ACTIVATE; NAAMES; CAMP
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-023-02372-z
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