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Article: Effect of Steam Pressure Toasting Duration on Snowbird Faba Bean Seeds and the Impact on the Intestinal and Metabolic Characteristics in Dairy Cows.

Rodríguez Espinosa, María E / Guevara-Oquendo, Víctor H / He, Jiangfeng / Zhang, Weixiang / Yu, Peiqiang

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: The response of feedstuffs to thermal processing depends on the type of feed and the thermal processing methods being applied. Steam pressure toasting (SPT) has been used to modify the nutrient degradability and enhance the nutritional quality of pulses, ...

Abstract	The response of feedstuffs to thermal processing depends on the type of feed and the thermal processing methods being applied. Steam pressure toasting (SPT) has been used to modify the nutrient degradability and enhance the nutritional quality of pulses, including faba bean seeds (FBS). Strategic feeding approaches are essential for balancing diets and maintaining adequate nutrition, especially in high-performing ruminants. This research aimed to determine the effects of SPT duration in FBS on the intestinal and metabolic characteristics of dairy cows. Faba Bean seeds (three harvesting years) were processed at 121 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Rumen degradation and intestinal digestion were determined using the in situ and modified in vitro three-step techniques. The true protein supplied to the small intestine was also determined using the NRC and DVE systems. Our results showed a reduced total digested DM (TDDM) with longer SPT duration (quadratic,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani14030483
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Article: Effect of cool-season adapted chickpea varieties on physicochemical and nutritional characteristics in ruminant systems

Cerna, Linda / Rodríguez Espinosa, María E. / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal feed science and technology. 2022 Oct., v. 292

2022

Abstract: The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of varieties on structural, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics of cool-season adapted chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy feed for ruminant livestock. The hypothesis ... ...

Abstract	The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of varieties on structural, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics of cool-season adapted chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy feed for ruminant livestock. The hypothesis of this study was that cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas varieties grown in Western Canada would have significant differences in nutritional characteristics and truly nutrient supply to dairy livestock. The Crop Development Center (CDC) at the University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Canada) provided the experimental samples of cool-season adapted chickpeas used in this study. Three chickpea varieties, CDC Alma, CDC Cory, and CDC Frontier were collected from three locations in Saskatchewan: Elorse, Limerick, and Lucky Lake. The standard official methods from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used for chemical analyses. Energy parameters were determined using the NRC dairy-2001. An in situ technique in cannulated cows was used to evaluate rumen degradation kinetics. Intestinal digestibility was determined in vitro using the 12 h residual samples from in situ incubations. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with variety as a fixed effect and location as a random effect was used for statistical analyses using the MIXED model procedure of SAS 9.4. Significance was declared at P < 0.05 and tendencies at 0.05 < P < 0.10. Varieties CDC Alma and CDC Cory had a higher carbohydrate content than CDC Frontier (P = 0.02). Conversely, CDC Frontier had higher crude protein (CP) (P = 0.02) and SCP (soluble crude protein) (P = 0.02) than the other chickpeas. The rumen undegraded crude protein (RUP) was higher in CDC Alma and CDC Frontier compared to CDC Cory (P = 0.01). The intestinal digested crude protein (IDP) was higher in CDC Frontier than CDC Alma and CDC Cory (P = 0.03). No differences were observed in the true protein supply (DVE value), metabolizable protein (MP), and Feed Milk Value (FMV) between the three CDC varieties (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the chemical and nutrient profiles, rumen degradation kinetics, intestinal digestibility, and true nutrient availability in lactating cows among the cool-season adapted CDC chickpea varieties have been obtained. The cool-season adapted CDC chickpea varieties had > 770 g/kg EDCP and < 230 g/kg RUCP. CDC Frontier showed better results with relatively higher CP, higher degraded protein balance (OEB, DPB), higher truly digestive protein nutrient supply (DVE, MP) to dairy cows, and higher FMV than other two varieties. In general, cool-season CDC chickpea varieties grown in western Canada can be used as an alternative energy and protein nutrient option for ruminants.
Keywords	cannulas ; carbohydrate content ; chickpeas ; cold season ; crude protein ; digestibility ; digestible protein ; energy ; feeds ; intestines ; lakes ; milk ; nutrient availability ; statistical models ; technology ; true protein ; Saskatchewan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196563-3
ISSN	0377-8401
ISSN	0377-8401
DOI	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115404
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Article ; Online: Research updates and progress on nutritional significance of the amides I and II, alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, microbial protein synthesis, and steam pressure toasting condition with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques with chemometrics.

Rodriguez-Espinosa, Maria E / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H / He, Jiangfeng / Zhang, Weixian / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2023 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: This article aims to review research updates and progress on the nutritional significance of the amides I and II, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, the microbial protein synthesis, and the steam pressure toasting condition in food and feed with ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review research updates and progress on the nutritional significance of the amides I and II, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet ratios, the microbial protein synthesis, and the steam pressure toasting condition in food and feed with globar and synchrotron molecular microspectroscopic techniques plus chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on (I) impact of the amides I and II, and the alpha-helix and beta-sheet-structure ratios in food and feeds; (II) Current research progress and update in synchrotron technique and application in feed and food molecular structure studies that are associated with nutrition delivery; (III) Impact of thermal processing- steam pressure toasting condition on feed and food; (IV). Impact of the microbial protein synthesis and methodology on feed and food; and (V). Impact on performance and production of ruminants with Faba beans.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2023.2274442
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Article ; Online: Impact of processing methods (dry-heating, autoclaving, and (microwave irradiation) on protein-related molecular structure spectral feature and protein nutritive value of cool-seasoned oat varieties in ruminant system in western Canada

Prates, Luciana L. / Rodríguez Espinosa, Maria E. / Feng, Xin / Tosta, Marcela / He, Jiangfeng / Yu, Peiqiang

Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2023 Oct., v. 304 p.115736-

2023

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to reveal the effects of heating method and variety on (1) protein molecular structure spectral features revealed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and (2) ruminant ... ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to reveal the effects of heating method and variety on (1) protein molecular structure spectral features revealed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and (2) ruminant relevant protein chemical profiles, protein subfractions, rumen degradable protein (RDP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and intestinal protein digestibility using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) in oat varieties [CDC Nasser (feed-type oat) and CDC Seabiscuit (milling-type oat)]. Heating method included control (raw), dry heating (DH), moist heating (autoclaving, MH), and microwave irradiation (MIR). The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in CDC Nasser were 934, 107, and 252 g/kg DM, respectively; the contents of these nutrients in CDC Seabiscuit were 933, 110, and 268 g/kg DM, respectively. Heat processing significantly affected the total RDP (TRDP, P < 0.001), which was higher for DH than MIR and MH in CDC Nasser (5.46%, 5.01%, and 4.45%DM). Conversely, MIR had a higher value for TRDP than DH and MH in CDC Seabiscuit (5.32%, 5.24%, and 4.51%DM). The total RUP (TRUP) was higher for MH than MIR and DH in both varieties (P < 0.001). The intestinal digestible feed protein was similar between the varieties (P = 0.308); however, DH and MH reduced the value, while MIR increased it compared to the control (P = 0.010) for both varieties. The results from the ATR-FTIR analysis showed an interaction between varieties and heat processing in the protein secondary structures α-helix (P = 0.003), β-sheet (P = 0.031), and their ratio (P = 0.030). Moreover, in the multivariate analyses, no independent groups were observed between the raw and the three heat processing methods in the protein-related molecular structure of oats. In conclusion, heat processing altered the protein subfractions, the TRDP, and TRUP, affecting intestinal protein digestibility. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with univariate molecular analysis showed heat processing-induced molecular structure changes in the protein-related spectral profiles in CDC Nasser and CDC Seabiscuit.
Keywords	autoclaving ; carbohydrates ; chemical structure ; crude protein ; digestible protein ; feeds ; heat ; infrared spectroscopy ; intestines ; microwave radiation ; neutral detergent fiber ; oats ; ruminants ; Canada ; Spectroscopy ; Chemometrics ; Uni- and multi-variate spectral analyses ; Heat processing methods ; Ruminant relevant protein nutrition ; Cool-season oat grain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	196563-3
ISSN	0377-8401
ISSN	0377-8401
DOI	10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115736
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Dry heating, moist heating, and microwave irradiation of cold‐climate‐adapted barley grain—Effects on ruminant‐relevant carbohydrate and molecular structural spectral profiles

Feng, Xin / Prates, Luciana L. / Rodríguez Espinosa, María E. / Peng, Quanhui / Zhang, Huihua / Zhang, Weixian / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2023 Jan., v. 107, no. 1 p.113-120

2023

Abstract: Different feed processing techniques affect barley digestibility and nutrient utilization in ruminants. To our knowledge, there are few studies on the interactive relationship between carbohydrate molecular structure profiles of cool‐season‐adapted ... ...

Abstract	Different feed processing techniques affect barley digestibility and nutrient utilization in ruminants. To our knowledge, there are few studies on the interactive relationship between carbohydrate molecular structure profiles of cool‐season‐adapted barley grain and nutritional characteristics for ruminants. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the effect of different technological processing methods on carbohydrate chemical profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System—carbohydrate subfractions, ruminal and intestinal carbohydrate digestion of barley grain in dairy cows; (2) to study the effect of heat processing on carbohydrate molecular structure of barley grain using advanced molecular spectroscopy; and (3) to associate processing‐induced changes in carbohydrate molecular structure with changes in carbohydrate metabolic profiles in dairy cows. Barley grain samples collected from Crop Research Field in Western Canada underwent four different processing treatments: control, dry heating (120°C for 60 min in an air‐ventilated oven), moist heating (120°C for 60 min in an autoclave), and microwave irradiation (900 W and 2450 MHz for 5 min in a microwave). The heating conditions used in the current study induced some changes in rumen‐degradable and ‐undegradable digestible fibre (CB3) fraction. Intestinally digestible CB3 was decreased after moist heating. Moist heating decreased starch digestibility compared to the other three treatments. The processing‐induced carbohydrate molecular structure changes, which was revealed by advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopic technique (attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared), could be used to predict carbohydrate nutritional value.
Keywords	animal nutrition ; barley ; carbohydrates ; chemical structure ; digestibility ; digestible carbohydrates ; digestion ; heat ; intestines ; microwave radiation ; nutrient utilization ; ovens ; spectroscopy ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 113-120.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	0931-2439
ISSN	0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13708
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Research progress on faba bean and faba forage in food and feed types, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy

Guevara Oquendo, Victor H. / Rodriguez Espinosa, Maria E. / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022 Nov. 1, v. 62, no. 31 p.8675-8685

2022

Abstract: This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on chemical and nutritional characterization of faba bean and faba forage and feeding strategies to improve its utilization. The molecular spectroscopic techniques for faba research and the association between molecular structure and nutrient availability and utilization in ruminant system were reviewed. The future research direction in faba research was also provided. The study provides an insight and a potential approach using molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction in faba bean seeds and plant.
Keywords	chemical structure ; chemometrics ; faba beans ; food science ; forage ; nutrient availability ; nutrition ; ruminants ; spectroscopy ; Physiochemical profiles ; nutritional value ; molecular structure features ; whole plant faba bean and forage ; food and feed type ; application of spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1101
Size	p. 8675-8685.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1931805
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Research progress on faba bean and faba forage in food and feed types, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy.

Guevara Oquendo, Victor H / Rodriguez Espinosa, Maria E / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

2021 Volume 62, Issue 31, Page(s) 8675–8685

Abstract	This article aims to review recent research progress and update on faba bean seeds and plant in food and feed type, physiochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics with molecular spectroscopy with chemometrics (both univariate and multivariate techniques). The review focused on chemical and nutritional characterization of faba bean and faba forage and feeding strategies to improve its utilization. The molecular spectroscopic techniques for faba research and the association between molecular structure and nutrient availability and utilization in ruminant system were reviewed. The future research direction in faba research was also provided. The study provides an insight and a potential approach using molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction in faba bean seeds and plant.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ruminants ; Seeds/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Vicia faba/chemistry
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2021.1931805
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Article ; Online: Carbohydrates molecular structure profiles in relation to nutritional characteristics of newly developed low and normal tannin faba bean varieties in dairy cows analysed by using standard methods and the vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR-ATR).

Rodríguez-Espinosa, María E / Guevara-Oquendo, Víctor H / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

2021 Volume 105, Issue 5, Page(s) 816–831

Abstract: To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool-season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool-season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of faba bean as an alternative protein and energy source for ruminants and its relation to CHO molecular structure spectral profiles using vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR-ATR). Eight genotypes with two tannin levels (low and normal) grown at three different locations in Saskatchewan (CDC crop research fields) were analysed. Chemical analyses were performed using AOAC standards and energy was evaluated using NRC standards. Rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ dairy trial. Intestinal digestion was analysed by a modified three-step in vitro technique with 12 h pre-rumen incubation in dairy cows. Molecular spectral study was performed using Ft/IR-ATR, and the molecular structural features were analysed at ca. 4000-800 cm
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; Cattle ; Female ; Molecular Structure ; Rumen ; Spectrum Analysis/veterinary ; Tannins ; Vicia faba/genetics
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Tannins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	1439-0396 ; 0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
ISSN (online)	1439-0396
ISSN	0044-3565 ; 0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13551
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its plant silage

Yang, Jen-Chieh / Guevara-Oquendo, Victor H. / Christensen, David / Lardner, Herbert (Bart) / Refat, Basim / Rodríguez Espinosa, María E. / Yu, Peiqiang

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2023 Sept. 10, v. 63, no. 23 p.6114-6125

2023

Abstract: This article aims to review recent progress and update on utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and nutritive and anti-nutritional characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its silage. The ... ...

Abstract	This article aims to review recent progress and update on utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions and nutritive and anti-nutritional characteristics of whole legume faba bean and its silage. The study focused on strategies to improve the utilization and bioavailability of fiber through pre-treating exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The review includes features of nutrition and anti-nutritional factors and environment impact, forage fiber fermentation, degradation and digestion, legume bean in various diets, use of exogenous enzyme and factor affecting enzyme action in fiber digestion as well as exogenous enzyme response. This review also provides very recent research on effects of fibrolytic enzyme on rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter and fiber of whole plant faba bean silage and effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from trichoderma reesei on lactational performance, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed whole plant faba bean silage-based diet. This study provides an insight on nutritive and anti-nutritive characteristics of whole legume bean and its plant silage and utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in fiber fermentation, degradation, and digestions.
Keywords	Trichoderma reesei ; bioavailability ; diet ; digestibility ; digestion ; faba beans ; fermentation ; forage ; glycosidases ; pretreatment ; silage ; Utilization of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes ; fiber fermentation ; degradation ; digestions ; legume bean and silage ; nutrition and anti-nutritional factors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0910
Size	p. 6114-6125.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2022.2028126
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Article: Carbohydrates molecular structure profiles in relation to nutritional characteristics of newly developed low and normal tannin faba bean varieties in dairy cows analysed by using standard methods and the vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR‐ATR)

Rodríguez‐Espinosa, María E. / Guevara‐Oquendo, Víctor H. / Yu, Peiqiang

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2021 Sept., v. 105, no. 5

2021

Abstract: To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool‐season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	To our knowledge, there was no study on interactive relationship between CHO molecular structure spectral profiles of newly developed cool‐season adapted faba bean and nutritional characteristics in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of genotypes and tannin levels on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of faba bean as an alternative protein and energy source for ruminants and its relation to CHO molecular structure spectral profiles using vibrational molecular spectroscopy (Ft/IR‐ATR). Eight genotypes with two tannin levels (low and normal) grown at three different locations in Saskatchewan (CDC crop research fields) were analysed. Chemical analyses were performed using AOAC standards and energy was evaluated using NRC standards. Rumen degradation kinetics were determined using in situ dairy trial. Intestinal digestion was analysed by a modified three‐step in vitro technique with 12 h pre‐rumen incubation in dairy cows. Molecular spectral study was performed using Ft/IR–ATR, and the molecular structural features were analysed at ca. 4000–800 cm⁻¹ using the Spectra ManagerII. CHO‐related functional groups were analysed with OMNIC 7.3. The results showed low‐tannin faba bean (LT) presented a highly significant difference (p < 0.05) on rumen bypass starch (BSt) compared to normal tannin faba bean (NT). On the other hand, NT had more total tract digested starch (TDST) compared to LT. No significant differences (p > 0.10) were observed for total digestible nutrients (TDN₁ₓ), metabolizable protein (MP), feed milk value (FMV) or rumen undegraded crude protein (RUP). Results showed differences in physicochemical characteristics among faba bean varieties; however, the predicted production performance was not different within faba bean genotypes. These outcomes suggest that faba bean can be used as nutritive ingredient for dairy cattle without a significant genotype or tannin level effect on metabolic characteristics. Results from vibrational spectroscopic study showed a higher ATR‐Ft/IR absorbance (p < 0.05) in NT on inherent structural CHO (STCHO), total CHO (TCHO) area and peaks (H_1015, H_1076, H_1145), and cellulosic compounds (CEC) to total CHO (TCHO) ratio. Significant correlations could be found between CHO spectral profiles and metabolic characteristics of faba bean, which indicates that structural spectral features of faba bean could be used to predict metabolic characteristics in ruminants.
Keywords	absorbance ; animal nutrition ; cold season ; crude protein ; digestible protein ; digestion ; energy ; faba beans ; genotype ; ingredients ; intestines ; milk ; rumen ; spectral analysis ; spectroscopy ; starch ; Saskatchewan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Size	p. 816-831.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	232729-6
ISSN	0931-2439
ISSN	0931-2439
DOI	10.1111/jpn.13551
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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