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Article ; Online: Fair comparisons: Life course selection bias and the effect of father absence on US children.

Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra

2021 Volume 51, Page(s) 100460

Abstract: Studies have shown that father absence in opposite-gender couples has detrimental effects on children's wellbeing, net of selection bias. However, life course informed research suggests that the problem of selection bias may be more complex than ... ...

Abstract	Studies have shown that father absence in opposite-gender couples has detrimental effects on children's wellbeing, net of selection bias. However, life course informed research suggests that the problem of selection bias may be more complex than currently thought. This paper shows the importance of nonparametrically adjusting for the trajectory of confounder covariates for the estimation of these effects. This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate the total effect of the departure of the biological father on children's wellbeing, as well as delayed or fade-out effects of this transition. The paper employs Bayesian additive regression trees, a machine learning and causal inference method suited for statistical models involving high-dimensional data sets. After adjusting for multiple time-invariant and -varying confounder covariates, as well as their history, estimates of father absence's effect on children's wellbeing are reduced substantially, a finding which may be referred to as life course selection bias. Results suggest early and middle childhood are not negatively affected by the departure of the biological father. Life course selection bias mostly affects estimates of this effect on adolescence, which is explained by children directly experiencing changes inparent's socioeconomic trajectories that lead to divorce or separation. This would not be the case when father absence is experienced in early childhood. Results suggest father absence is mostly a marker of life course cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage, not a cause of negative effects.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Selection Bias ; Bayes Theorem ; Fathers ; Father-Child Relations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2474504-2
ISSN	1879-6974 ; 1569-4909
ISSN (online)	1879-6974
ISSN	1569-4909
DOI	10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100460
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Article: Leading matters! Linking compassion and mindfulness in organizations through servant leadership.

Miralles, Sandra / Pozo-Hidalgo, Manuela / Rodríguez-Sánchez, Alma / Pessi, Anne B

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1346751

Abstract: Regardless of where they are, humans are inherently human. In this study, we explore the relationship between compassion, mindfulness, and servant leadership contributing to an overall feeling of safety. Adopting a humanistic approach to human resource ... ...

Abstract	Regardless of where they are, humans are inherently human. In this study, we explore the relationship between compassion, mindfulness, and servant leadership contributing to an overall feeling of safety. Adopting a humanistic approach to human resource management, we examine how compassion and mindfulness intersect under the lens of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Our investigation focuses on understanding how servant leadership facilitates the cultivation of mindfulness through compassion. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we analyze data gathered from 360 workers across diverse occupational sectors. Our findings provide empirical support for the hypothesis that compassion, manifested as a response to suffering, enhances mindfulness levels in the workplace. Specifically, we observe that organizations promoting servant leadership principles are conducive to higher levels of mindfulness among employees. Practically, our study underscores the importance of designing work contexts that prioritize compassion and servant leadership. By doing so, organizations can foster a positive work environment that promotes mindfulness and enhances workplace safety. Our research contributes to the management literature by offering empirical evidence on the role of servant leadership in cultivating compassion and mindfulness, thereby advancing the discourse on workplace safety and organizational well-being.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1346751
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Article ; Online: Search-and-rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route does not induce migration: Predictive modeling to answer causal queries in migration research.

Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra / Wucherpfennig, Julian / Rischke, Ramona / Iacus, Stefano Maria

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 11014

Abstract: State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this 'pull factor' claim by focusing on the ... ...

Abstract	State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this 'pull factor' claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods-(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard-which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the 'pull factor' claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research.
MeSH term(s)	Bayes Theorem ; Rescue Work ; Forecasting ; Causality ; Europe
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-38119-4
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Article: Composition and potential functional roles of soil fungal communities on arid farms in Arequipa (Southern Peru) characterized using SMRT sequencing

Rodriguez-Sanchez, A. / Tomasek, A. / McMillan, S. / Yufra, S. / Yupanqui, M. / Rondon, R. / Hoagland, L.

Applied soil ecology. 2022 Jan., v. 169

2022

Abstract: Small farms near Arequipa, Peru face many challenges including crop diseases caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens. Identifying fungi in these soils and factors that shift the balance between pathogenic and beneficial lifestyles will aid in the ... ...

Abstract	Small farms near Arequipa, Peru face many challenges including crop diseases caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens. Identifying fungi in these soils and factors that shift the balance between pathogenic and beneficial lifestyles will aid in the development of more effective and sustainable disease control strategies. In this study, the composition and potential functional roles of soil fungal communities on 12 farms was characterized using SMRT sequencing. Communities were compared with soil physiochemical properties and farms grouped based on location (River vs. Canal), and farm age (Old, New, Very New) to investigate possible drivers of community structure and function. Communities were dominated by the Ascomycota phylum, and Fusarium, Alternaria and Cladosporium genera. The majority of phylotypes were saprotrophs, however, an unusually large fraction were pathotrophs (14-29%), and 10% of the entire community were plant pathogens. There were correlations between saprophytic and pathogenic phylotypes with soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous, though the strongest driver of community structure were cobalt and nickel. Dominant pathogenic phylotypes in river and canal farms differed indicating the need for more site-specific intervention strategies. Age was positively correlated with a decline in saprotrophs and increase in pathotrophs highlighting the need to replenish soil organic matter. Correlations between individual phylotypes could mediate disease outbreaks and should be explored in future studies. Results of this study confirm that soils in this unique agroecosystem are highly conducive to the survival of soil-borne pathogens, though it should be possible to suppress these organisms via more targeted soil management practices.
Keywords	Alternaria ; Cladosporium ; Fusarium ; agroecosystems ; cobalt ; community structure ; disease control ; nickel ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; phylotype ; rivers ; saprophytes ; soil ecology ; soil fungi ; soil management ; soil organic matter ; soil pH ; Peru
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1196758-4
ISSN	0929-1393
ISSN	0929-1393
DOI	10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104228
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Article ; Online: Early diverting stoma closure is feasible and safe: results from a before-and-after study on the implementation of an early closure protocol at a tertiary referral center.

Blanco Terés, L / Cerdán Santacruz, C / Correa Bonito, A / Delgado Búrdalo, L / Rodríguez Sánchez, A / Bermejo Marcos, E / García Septiem, J / Martín Pérez, E

Techniques in coloproctology

2024 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 32

Abstract: Background: Evidence on early closure (EC) of defunctioning stoma (DS) after colorectal surgery shows a favorable effect when patients are carefully selected. Therefore, a clinical pathway adapted to the implementation of an EC strategy was developed in ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence on early closure (EC) of defunctioning stoma (DS) after colorectal surgery shows a favorable effect when patients are carefully selected. Therefore, a clinical pathway adapted to the implementation of an EC strategy was developed in our center. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of time until DS closure and DS-related morbidity before and after the implementation of an EC protocol (ECP). Methods: This study is a before-and-after comparative analysis. Patients were divided into two cohorts according to the observational period: patients from the period before the ECP implementation (January 2015-December 2019) [Period 1] and those from the period after that (January 2020-December 2022) [Period 2]. All consecutive patients subjected to elective DS closure within both periods were eligible. Early closure was defined as the reversal within 30 days from DS creation. Patients excluded from EC or those not closed within 30 days since primary surgery were analyzed as late closure (LC). Baseline characteristics and DS-related morbidity were recorded. Results: A total of 145 patients were analyzed. Median time with DS was shorter in patients after ECP implementation [42 (21-193) days versus 233 (137-382) days, p < 0.001]. This reduction in time to closure did not impact the DS closure morbidity and resulted in less DS morbidity (68.8% versus 49.2%, p = 0.017) and fewer stoma nurse visits (p = 0.029). Conclusions: The ECP was able to significantly reduce intervals to restoration of bowel continuity in patients with DS, which in turn resulted in a direct impact on the reduction of DS morbidity without negatively affecting DS closure morbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colorectal Surgery ; Surgical Stomas/adverse effects ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2083309-X
ISSN	1128-045X ; 1123-6337
ISSN (online)	1128-045X
ISSN	1123-6337
DOI	10.1007/s10151-023-02905-z
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Article: Microbial Ecology of Granular Biofilm Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: A Review.

Rosa-Masegosa, Aurora / Rodriguez-Sanchez, Alejandro / Gorrasi, Susanna / Fenice, Massimiliano / Gonzalez-Martinez, Alejandro / Gonzalez-Lopez, Jesus / Muñoz-Palazon, Barbara

Microorganisms

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Nowadays, the discharge of wastewater is a global concern due to the damage caused to human and environmental health. Wastewater treatment has progressed to provide environmentally and economically sustainable technologies. The biological treatment of ... ...

Abstract	Nowadays, the discharge of wastewater is a global concern due to the damage caused to human and environmental health. Wastewater treatment has progressed to provide environmentally and economically sustainable technologies. The biological treatment of wastewater is one of the fundamental bases of this field, and the employment of new technologies based on granular biofilm systems is demonstrating success in tackling the environmental issues derived from the discharge of wastewater. The granular-conforming microorganisms must be evaluated as functional entities because their activities and functions for removing pollutants are interconnected with the surrounding microbiota. The deep knowledge of microbial communities allows for the improvement in system operation, as the proliferation of microorganisms in charge of metabolic roles could be modified by adjustments to operational conditions. This is why engineering must consider the intrinsic microbiological aspects of biological wastewater treatment systems to obtain the most effective performance. This review provides an extensive view of the microbial ecology of biological wastewater treatment technologies based on granular biofilms for mitigating water pollution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms12030433
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Article ; Online: Arguments for the unsuitability of convolutional neural networks for non-local tasks.

Stabinger, Sebastian / Peer, David / Rodríguez-Sánchez, Antonio

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society

2021 Volume 142, Page(s) 171–179

Abstract: Convolutional neural networks have established themselves over the past years as the state of the art method for image classification, and for many datasets, they even surpass humans in categorizing images. Unfortunately, the same architectures perform ... ...

Abstract	Convolutional neural networks have established themselves over the past years as the state of the art method for image classification, and for many datasets, they even surpass humans in categorizing images. Unfortunately, the same architectures perform much worse when they have to compare parts of an image to each other to correctly classify this image. Until now, no well-formed theoretical argument has been presented to explain this deficiency. In this paper, we will argue that convolutional layers are of little use for such problems, since comparison tasks are global by nature, but convolutional layers are local by design. We will use this insight to reformulate a comparison task into a sorting task and use findings on sorting networks to propose a lower bound for the number of parameters a neural network needs to solve comparison tasks in a generalizable way. We will use this lower bound to argue that attention, as well as iterative/recurrent processing, is needed to prevent a combinatorial explosion.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Neural Networks, Computer
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	740542-x
ISSN	1879-2782 ; 0893-6080
ISSN (online)	1879-2782
ISSN	0893-6080
DOI	10.1016/j.neunet.2021.05.001
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Article: The impact of COVID-19 on university students and competences in education for sustainable development: Emotional intelligence, resilience and engagement.

Estrada Guillén, Marta / Monferrer Tirado, Diego / Rodríguez Sánchez, Alma

Journal of cleaner production

2022 Volume 380, Page(s) 135057

Abstract: As the Covid-19 pandemic brought most in-person activities to a halt, radical and visible changes were imposed in all social interactions, including teaching and academic activity in general. This challenging setting tested the education system's ... ...

Abstract	As the Covid-19 pandemic brought most in-person activities to a halt, radical and visible changes were imposed in all social interactions, including teaching and academic activity in general. This challenging setting tested the education system's capacity to successfully address the Sustainable Development Goals. The success of education for sustainable development (ESD) requires training in the specific skills needed to face the highly emotionally demanding post-pandemic context. In this line, this study focuses on university students' capability to understand and manage emotions, an issue considered to be a key factor in ESD. The aim of this study is to show how students' emotional intelligence influenced their resilience, with repercussions on their engagement and subsequent academic performance. The research model was tested through a questionnaire addressed to 340 students from three different universities during the full lockdown of March-May 2020 as a result of the pandemic. Results show that emotional intelligence was positively related to resilience, which in turn was related to engagement, and consequently, resulted in better academic performance. This finding should spark interest in developing emotional intelligence in education, not only because it produces healthy citizens in the long term, but also because of its short-term positive impacts in the classroom, particularly in such adverse situations as those described here. This study provides a model that links classic variables on educational and positive psychology research with ESD in times of COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0959-6526
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135057
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Article ; Online: A metabolomics perspective on the effect of environmental micro and nanoplastics on living organisms: A review.

Zhang, Leilei / García-Pérez, Pascual / Muñoz-Palazon, Barbara / Gonzalez-Martinez, Alejandro / Lucini, Luigi / Rodriguez-Sanchez, Alejandro

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 932, Page(s) 172915

Abstract: The increasing trend regarding the use of plastics has arisen an exponential concern on the fate of their derived products to the environment. Among these derivatives, microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been featured for their associated ... ...

Abstract	The increasing trend regarding the use of plastics has arisen an exponential concern on the fate of their derived products to the environment. Among these derivatives, microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been featured for their associated environmental impact due to their low molecular size and high surface area, which has prompted their ubiquitous transference among all environmental interfaces. Due to the heterogenous chemical composition of MNPs, the study of these particles has focused a high number of studies, as a result of the myriad of associated physicochemical properties that contribute to the co-transference of a wide range of contaminants, thus becoming a major challenge for the scientific community. In this sense, both primary and secondary MNPs are well-known to be adscribed to industrial and urbanized areas, from which they are massively released to the environment through a multiscale level, involving the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Consequently, much research has been conducted on the understanding of the interconnection between those interfaces, that motivate the spread of these contaminants to biological systems, being mostly represented by the biosphere, especially phytosphere and, finally, the anthroposphere. These findings have highlighted the potential hazardous risk for human health through different mechanisms from the environment, requiring a much deeper approach to define the real risk of MNPs exposure. As a result, there is a gap of knowledge regarding the environmental impact of MNPs from a high-throughput perspective. In this review, a metabolomics-based overview on the impact of MNPs to all environmental interfaces was proposed, considering this technology a highly valuable tool to decipher the real impact of MNPs on biological systems, thus opening a novel perspective on the study of these contaminants.
MeSH term(s)	Metabolomics ; Microplastics/toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants ; Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Environmental Monitoring
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172915
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Article ; Online: Protocol for the SEHNeCa randomised clinical trial assesing Supervised Exercise for Head and Neck Cancer patients.

Rodriguez-Arietaleanizbeaskoa, M / Mojas Ereño, E / Arietaleanizbeaskoa, M S / Grandes, G / Rodríguez Sánchez, A / Urquijo, V / Hernando Alday, I / Dublang, M / Angulo-Garay, G / Cacicedo, J

BMC cancer

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 271

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative supervised exercise programme to mitigate the loss of lean body mass, functional capacity and quality of life in people with head and neck cancer, as well as to identify the optimal moment to ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative supervised exercise programme to mitigate the loss of lean body mass, functional capacity and quality of life in people with head and neck cancer, as well as to identify the optimal moment to apply it, before or after radiotherapy treatment, compared with the prescription of a physical activity plan carried out autonomously. Methods: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (n = 144), treated with radiotherapy, will be randomly assigned to one of 3 comparison groups: pre-radiotherapy supervised exercise, post-radiotherapy supervised exercise and autonomous exercise, stratifying by human papillomavirus infection and previous surgery. The exercise programme will be carried out in 36 sessions over 12 weeks, combining moderate and high intensity strength and aerobic exercises. The main outcome variable is the change in lean body mass at 6 months measured by bioimpedance, while secondary variables are functional capacity, symptoms, quality of life and adverse effects. Longitudinal generalised mixed models will be used for the analyses of the repeated measurements at 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline. Conclusions: The pilot study supports the feasibility and safety of the project. However, as the programme progressed, attendance at the sessions decreased. Strategies will be necessary for increasing attendance, as well as involving the patient in their recovery and other incentives. Follow-up after treatment to assess acute/late toxicity will enable us to know the response to both the exercise programme and its adherence. Trial registration: NCT04658706 Date and version identifier: March 1, 2023. Version 1.1.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; Quality of Life ; Pilot Projects ; Exercise ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041352-X
ISSN	1471-2407 ; 1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
ISSN	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/s12885-023-10718-4
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