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  1. Article: Extracellular Vesicle-Based Hybrid Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery.

    Rodríguez, Diego A / Vader, Pieter

    Pharmaceutics

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: The continuous technological advancement of nanomedicine has enabled the development of novel vehicles for the effective delivery of therapeutic substances. Synthetic drug delivery systems are nano-sized carriers made from various materials that can be ... ...

    Abstract The continuous technological advancement of nanomedicine has enabled the development of novel vehicles for the effective delivery of therapeutic substances. Synthetic drug delivery systems are nano-sized carriers made from various materials that can be designed to deliver therapeutic cargoes to cells or tissues. However, rapid clearance by the immune system and the poor targeting profile of synthetic drug delivery systems are examples of the pressing obstacles faced in nanomedicine, which have directed the field toward the development of alternative strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles enclosed by a protein-rich lipid bilayer; they are released by cells and are considered to be important mediators of intercellular communication. Owing to their natural composition, EVs have been suggested to exhibit good biocompatibility and to possess homing properties to specific cell types. Combining EVs with synthetic nanoparticles by defined hybridization steps gives rise to a novel potential drug delivery tool, i.e., EV-based hybrid systems. These novel therapeutic vehicles exhibit potential advantageous features as compared to synthetic drug delivery systems such as enhanced cellular uptake and cargo delivery, immuno-evasive properties, capability of crossing biological barriers, and tissue targeting profile. Here, we provide an overview of the various strategies practiced to produce EV-based hybrid systems and elucidate those advantageous features obtained by synthetic drug delivery systems upon hybridization with EVs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020267
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber, protein, and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs.

    Lee, Su A / Rodriguez, Diego A / Paulk, Chad B / Stein, Hans H

    Journal of animal science and biotechnology

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 52

    Abstract: Background: Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain, but it is not known if there are interactions between particle ...

    Abstract Background: Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy. Pelleting may also reduce particle size of grain, but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and pelleting. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting, separately or in combination, increase N balance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fiber and fat, and net energy (NE) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs.
    Methods: Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn (i.e., 700, 500, or 300 μm) and 2 diet forms (i.e., meal or pelleted). Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Twenty-four castrated male pigs (initial weight: 29.52 kg; standard diviation: 1.40) were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers (i.e., 4 pigs/chamber) and 6 periods. Oxygen consumption and CO
    Results: Regardless of particle size of corn, the ATTD of gross energy (GE), N, and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and the concentration of NE were greater (P < 0.05) in pelleted diets than in meal diets. Regardless of diet form, the ATTD of GE, N, and AEE, and the concentration of NE were increased (linear; P < 0.05) by reducing the particle size of corn, but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets (interaction; P < 0.05).
    Conclusions: Both pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE, but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2630162-3
    ISSN 2049-1891 ; 1674-9782
    ISSN (online) 2049-1891
    ISSN 1674-9782
    DOI 10.1186/s40104-024-01004-9
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  3. Article ; Online: Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS, but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS.

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Lee, Su A / Stein, Hans H

    Journal of animal science

    2021  Volume 99, Issue 8

    Abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented, low oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is not different from that of pigs fed diets ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented, low oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is not different from that of pigs fed diets containing conventional DDGS regardless of the physical form of the diets. A total of 160 barrows and gilts were used. There were 4 diets, 10 pens per diet, and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed a common phase 1 diet that did not contain DDGS during the initial 7 d post-weaning. Pigs were then allotted to the four diets that were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two sources of DDGS (cold-fermented and conventional DDGS) and two diet forms (meal and pellets). Pigs were fed phase 2 diets from day 7 to 21 and phase 3 diets from day 21 to 43 post-weaning. All diets were based on corn and soybean meal, but phase 2 diets also contained 15% DDGS and phase 3 diets contained 30% DDGS. From day 43, pigs were fed grower diets for 38 d, early finisher diets for 38 d, and late finisher diets for 18 d and these diets also contained 30% DDGS. Feed was provided on an ad libitum basis and daily feed allotments were recorded. Pigs were weighed at the beginning of each phase and at the conclusion of the experiment. On the last day of the experiment, the pig in each pen with a body weight that was closest to the pen average was slaughtered and carcass measurements were determined. Combined results for the two nursery phases indicated that feeding meal diets instead of pelleted diets increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio (G:F). However, no differences between the two sources of DDGS were observed for the overall growth performance of weanling pigs. For the entire growing-finishing period, the source of DDGS did not affect growth performance, but pigs fed meal diets had reduced (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the pelleted diets. There were no differences between the two sources of DDGS for carcass characteristics. Back fat was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed pelleted diets than for pigs fed meal diets. In conclusion, no differences in growth performance or carcass characteristics between pigs fed cold-fermented DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS were observed. However, pigs fed pelleted diets had greater G:F and greater back fat than pigs fed meal diets.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Body Composition ; Diet/veterinary ; Edible Grain ; Female ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Zea mays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390959-1
    ISSN 1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
    ISSN (online) 1525-3163
    ISSN 0021-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jas/skab129
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  4. Article ; Online: Generation and Use of Chimeric RIP Kinase Molecules to Study Necroptosis.

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Green, Douglas R

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2018  Volume 1857, Page(s) 71–83

    Abstract: Necroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis, is triggered by a variety of signals that converge to activate receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), consequently promoting the direct phosphorylation and activation of the mixed lineage kinase like ( ... ...

    Abstract Necroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis, is triggered by a variety of signals that converge to activate receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), consequently promoting the direct phosphorylation and activation of the mixed lineage kinase like (MLKL) protein. Active MLKL executes necroptosis by disrupting the integrity of the plasma membrane. Stimuli that can induce necroptosis include ligation of death receptors (a subset of the TNFR family), toll-like receptors (in particular, TLR3 and TLR4), interferons, and the intracellular viral sensor, DAI/ZBP1, among others. To study the process in more detail, it is useful to have a means to directly activate RIPK3. Here we provide protocols and procedures to artificially induce necroptotic cell death by drug-induced forced dimerization of RIPK3. We also provide information on specific kinase inhibitors, procedures to monitor RIPK3 and MLKL activation, and real-time quantification of cell death.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/pathology ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Necrosis ; Protein Kinases/physiology ; Protein Multimerization ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; MLKL protein, mouse (EC 2.7.-) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ripk3 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-8754-2_7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease without cutaneous involvement associated to anti-MDA5 antibodies.

    Chicot, Marta / Valenzuela, Claudia / Rodríguez, Diego A

    Medicina clinica

    2020  Volume 156, Issue 8, Page(s) 413–414

    Title translation Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial rápidamente progresiva sin afectación cutánea asociada a anticuerpos anti-MDA5.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantibodies ; Dermatomyositis ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2020-03-03
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 411607-0
    ISSN 1578-8989 ; 0025-7753
    ISSN (online) 1578-8989
    ISSN 0025-7753
    DOI 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.01.012
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  6. Article ; Online: Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs.

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Lee, Su A / Stein, Hans H

    Journal of animal science

    2020  Volume 98, Issue 7

    Abstract: Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the ... ...

    Abstract Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P < 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/chemistry ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Diet/veterinary ; Digestion ; Energy Metabolism ; Feces ; Food Handling ; Ileum/metabolism ; Male ; Nutritive Value ; Glycine max/chemistry ; Swine/growth & development ; Swine/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
    ZDB-ID 390959-1
    ISSN 1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
    ISSN (online) 1525-3163
    ISSN 0021-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jas/skaa215
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  7. Article ; Online: Digestibility of amino acids, but not fiber, fat, or energy, is greater in cold-fermented, low-oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) compared with conventional DDGS fed to growing pigs.

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Lee, Su A / Stein, Hans H

    Journal of animal science

    2020  Volume 98, Issue 10

    Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the digestibility of gross energy (GE) and nutrients, and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in two sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are ...

    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the digestibility of gross energy (GE) and nutrients, and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in two sources of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are not different despite different concentrations of fat in the two sources. Cold-fermented DDGS (6.82% fat) and a conventional DDGS (9.54% fat) were used. In experiment 1, 12 growing barrows (initial body weight = 55.2 ± 3.6 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to one of three diets and two periods. Two diets contained either cold-fermented or conventional DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). The third diet was an N-free diet that was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of AA from the pigs. Each experimental period lasted 7 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each period. Results demonstrated that values for the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in cold-fermented than in conventional DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 barrows (initial body weight = 17.3 ± 1.3 kg) were randomly allotted to three diets with 8 replicate pigs per diet. A corn-based basal diet and two diets containing corn and either cold-fermented DDGS or conventional DDGS were formulated. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected separately for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) was greater (P < 0.01) in conventional DDGS than in cold-fermented DDGS, but there was no difference in ATTD of GE between the two sources of DDGS. However, conventional DDGS contained more (P < 0.001) DE and ME than cold-fermented DDGS because of greater GE. In conclusion, the SID of AA was greater in cold-fermented DDGS than in the conventional DDGS that was evaluated in this experiment, but the ATTD of NDF, ADF, and AEE, and ME were greater in conventional DDGS than in cold-fermented DDGS.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Diet/veterinary ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Digestion ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Energy Metabolism ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; Fermentation ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Ileum/metabolism ; Male ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Swine/metabolism ; Zea mays
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Dietary Fiber
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390959-1
    ISSN 1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
    ISSN (online) 1525-3163
    ISSN 0021-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jas/skaa297
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  8. Article ; Online: Extrusion of soybean hulls does not increase digestibility of amino acids or concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs.

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Lee, Su A / de Godoy, María R C / Stein, Hans H

    Translational animal science

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) txaa169

    Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean hulls. One source of soybean hulls was ground and divided into two batches. One batch was used without further processing, whereas the other ... ...

    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean hulls. One source of soybean hulls was ground and divided into two batches. One batch was used without further processing, whereas the other batch was extruded. In Exp. 1, four diets were formulated to determine crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility in soybean hulls. A soybean meal-based diet in which soybean meal provided all the CP and AA was formulated. Two diets were formulated to contain 30% nonextruded or extruded soybean hulls and 18% soybean meal. An N-free diet that was used to determine the endogenous losses of CP and AA was also used. Eight growing barrows (initial body weight = 37.0 ± 3.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 7 d with the initial 5 d being the adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on day 6 and 7. Results indicated that extrusion of soybean hulls did not change the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AA with the exception that the SID of Ile and Leu tended (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2573-2102
    ISSN (online) 2573-2102
    DOI 10.1093/tas/txaa169
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  9. Article: Digestibility of amino acids, fiber, and energy by growing pigs, and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in yellow dent corn, hard red winter wheat, and sorghum may be influenced by extrusion

    Rodriguez, Diego A / Lee, Su A / Jones, Cassandra K / Htoo, John K / Stein, Hans H

    Animal feed science and technology. 2020 Oct., v. 268

    2020  

    Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in cereal grains fed to growing pigs. One source of yellow dent corn, one source of hard red winter wheat, and one source of sorghum were ground to ... ...

    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in cereal grains fed to growing pigs. One source of yellow dent corn, one source of hard red winter wheat, and one source of sorghum were ground to approximately 300 microns and each source of grain was divided into 2 batches. One batch of each grain was extruded, whereas the other batch was used without further processing. In Exp. 1, 7 diets were formulated to determine ileal starch and amino acid (AA) digestibility in the grains. Three diets contained the non-extruded grains and 3 diets contained the extruded grains. The last diet was an N-free diet that was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA from the pigs. Seven growing barrows (initial body weight = 14.2 ± 0.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square. Each experimental period lasted 7 days with the initial 5 days being the adaptation period and ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7. Results indicated that extruded grains had greater (P < 0.001) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch than non-extruded grains. Extrusion also increased standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and all AA except Lys and Pro in corn, but the SID of CP and AA in wheat and sorghum was not affected by extrusion. In Exp. 2, 6 diets were used. Three diets contained the non-extruded corn, wheat, or sorghum, and 3 diets contained the extruded grains. Forty eight growing barrows (initial body weight = 15.1 ± 3.7 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected separately for 5 days after 5 days of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy was increased by extrusion of corn or sorghum, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.001). The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber in wheat was reduced by extrusion, but not in corn and sorghum (interaction, P < 0.001). However, extrusion reduced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of acid detergent fiber in all grains. Extrusion increased the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in corn and sorghum (DM-basis) compared with non-extruded grains, but there was no increase in DE and ME (DM-basis) if wheat was extruded (interaction, P < 0.001). In conclusion, extrusion increased the AID of starch in all grains and the ATTD of energy and the DE and ME in corn and sorghum. The SID of most AA in corn was also increased by extrusion.
    Keywords acid detergent fiber ; amino acids ; barrows ; body weight ; crates ; crude protein ; dent corn ; diet ; digesta ; digestibility ; digestible energy ; energy ; extrusion ; feces ; hard red winter wheat ; ileum ; metabolism ; metabolizable energy ; neutral detergent fiber ; starch ; urine ; winter wheat
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-10
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 196563-3
    ISSN 0377-8401
    ISSN 0377-8401
    DOI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114602
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: ER stress sensing mechanism: Putting off the brake on UPR transducers.

    Rojas-Rivera, Diego / Rodriguez, Diego A / Sepulveda, Denisse / Hetz, Claudio

    Oncotarget

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 28, Page(s) 19461–19462

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2560162-3
    ISSN 1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
    ISSN (online) 1949-2553
    ISSN 1949-2553
    DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.25114
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