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  1. Article ; Online: Anthropogenic activities and age class mediate carnivore habitat selection in a human-dominated landscape.

    Serieys, Laurel E K / Bishop, Jacqueline M / Rogan, Matthew S / Smith, Justine A / Suraci, Justin P / O'Riain, M Justin / Wilmers, Christopher C

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 107050

    Abstract: Human activities increasingly challenge wild animal populations by disrupting ecological connectivity and population persistence. Yet, human-modified habitats can provide resources, resulting in selection of disturbed areas by generalist species. To ... ...

    Abstract Human activities increasingly challenge wild animal populations by disrupting ecological connectivity and population persistence. Yet, human-modified habitats can provide resources, resulting in selection of disturbed areas by generalist species. To investigate spatial and temporal responses of a generalist carnivore to human disturbance, we investigated habitat selection and diel activity patterns in caracals (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107050
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Ecological opportunity drives individual dietary specialization in leopards

    Balme, Guy A / le Roex, Nikki / Rogan, Matthew S / Hunter, Luke T. B

    journal of animal ecology. 2020 Feb., v. 89, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: Individual specialization, when individuals exploit only a subset of resources utilized by the population, is a widespread phenomenon. It provides the basis for evolutionary diversification and can impact population and community dynamics. Both ... ...

    Abstract Individual specialization, when individuals exploit only a subset of resources utilized by the population, is a widespread phenomenon. It provides the basis for evolutionary diversification and can impact population and community dynamics. Both phenotypic traits and environmental conditions are predicted to influence individual specialization; however, its adaptive consequences are poorly understood, particularly among large mammalian carnivores that play an important role in shaping ecosystems. We used observations of 2,960 kills made by 49 leopards Panthera pardus in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, to quantify the magnitude of individual dietary specialization in a solitary large carnivore, and to examine the proximate and ultimate drivers of this behaviour. We found evidence of individual specialization in leopard diet, with respect to both the species and size of prey killed. Males tended to be more specialized than females, likely because they could access a wider range of prey due to larger body size. Similarly, individuals that encountered a greater diversity of prey tended to be more specialized. Our results confirmed that ecological opportunity was a key determinant of individual specialization; however, contrary to predictions, per capita resource availability (and by extension, intraspecific competition) did not affect the degree of specialization exhibited by individuals. Surprisingly, dietary specialization appeared to disadvantage male leopards. Specialist males overlapped with fewer resident females, had fewer cubs born on their home ranges and had fewer cubs survive to independence on their home ranges than generalist males. This may have resulted from the high degree of environmental stochasticity experienced during our study, as dietary specialization is expected to advantage individuals more during periods of resource predictability. In summary, we showed that a species usually considered to be a dietary generalist was in fact a heterogeneous collection of specialist and generalist individuals. Individual specialization is typically assumed to be maintained by disruptive and/or fluctuating selection; hence, the somewhat paradoxical coexistence of both in the same population might be explained by a dynamic evolutionary equilibrium that exists between specialists and generalists, in which each benefit under different conditions.
    Keywords Panthera pardus ; body size ; carnivores ; conservation areas ; diet ; intraspecific competition ; males ; mammals ; phenotype ; sand ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-02
    Size p. 589-600.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13109
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Camera trapping expands the view into global biodiversity and its change.

    Oliver, Ruth Y / Iannarilli, Fabiola / Ahumada, Jorge / Fegraus, Eric / Flores, Nicole / Kays, Roland / Birch, Tanya / Ranipeta, Ajay / Rogan, Matthew S / Sica, Yanina V / Jetz, Walter

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2023  Volume 378, Issue 1881, Page(s) 20220232

    Abstract: Growing threats to biodiversity demand timely, detailed information on species occurrence, diversity and abundance at large scales. Camera traps (CTs), combined with computer vision models, provide an efficient method to survey species of certain taxa ... ...

    Abstract Growing threats to biodiversity demand timely, detailed information on species occurrence, diversity and abundance at large scales. Camera traps (CTs), combined with computer vision models, provide an efficient method to survey species of certain taxa with high spatio-temporal resolution. We test the potential of CTs to close biodiversity knowledge gaps by comparing CT records of terrestrial mammals and birds from the recently released Wildlife Insights platform to publicly available occurrences from many observation types in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. In locations with CTs, we found they sampled a greater number of days (mean = 133 versus 57 days) and documented additional species (mean increase of 1% of expected mammals). For species with CT data, we found CTs provided novel documentation of their ranges (93% of mammals and 48% of birds). Countries with the largest boost in data coverage were in the historically underrepresented southern hemisphere. Although embargoes increase data providers' willingness to share data, they cause a lag in data availability. Our work shows that the continued collection and mobilization of CT data, especially when combined with data sharing that supports attribution and privacy, has the potential to offer a critical lens into biodiversity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; Animals, Wild ; Mammals ; Birds ; Knowledge
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2022.0232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Species distribution models affected by positional uncertainty in species occurrences can still be ecologically interpretable

    Gábor, Lukáš / Jetz, Walter / Zarzo‐Arias, Alejandra / Winner, Kevin / Yanco, Scott / Pinkert, Stefan / Marsh, Charles J. / Rogan, Matthew S. / Mäkinen, Jussi / Rocchini, Duccio / Barták, Vojtěch / Malavasi, Marco / Balej, Petr / Moudrý, Vítězslav

    Ecography. 2023 June, v. 2023, no. 6 p.e06358-

    2023  

    Abstract: Species distribution models (SDMs) have become a common tool in studies of species–environment relationships but can be negatively affected by positional uncertainty of underlying species occurrence data. Previous work has documented the effect of ... ...

    Abstract Species distribution models (SDMs) have become a common tool in studies of species–environment relationships but can be negatively affected by positional uncertainty of underlying species occurrence data. Previous work has documented the effect of positional uncertainty on model predictive performance, but its consequences for inference about species–environment relationships remain largely unknown. Here we use over 12 000 combinations of virtual and real environmental variables and virtual species, as well as a real case study, to investigate how accurately SDMs can recover species–environment relationships after applying known positional errors to species occurrence data. We explored a range of environmental predictors with various spatial heterogeneity, species' niche widths, sample sizes and magnitudes of positional error. Positional uncertainty decreased predictive model performance for all modeled scenarios. The absolute and relative importance of environmental predictors and the shape of species–environmental relationships co‐varied with a level of positional uncertainty. These differences were much weaker than those observed for overall model performance, especially for homogenous predictor variables. This suggests that, at least for the example species and conditions analyzed, the negative consequences of positional uncertainty on model performance did not extend as strongly to the ecological interpretability of the models. Although the findings are encouraging for practitioners using SDMs to reveal generative mechanisms based on spatially uncertain data, they suggest greater consequences for applications utilizing distributions predicted from SDMs using positionally uncertain data, such as conservation prioritization and biodiversity monitoring.
    Keywords biodiversity ; case studies ; geographical distribution ; model validation ; prioritization ; spatial variation ; uncertainty
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-06
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1112659-0
    ISSN 0906-7590
    ISSN 0906-7590
    DOI 10.1111/ecog.06358
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Ecological opportunity drives individual dietary specialization in leopards.

    Balme, Guy A / le Roex, Nikki / Rogan, Matthew S / Hunter, Luke T B

    The Journal of animal ecology

    2019  Volume 89, Issue 2, Page(s) 589–600

    Abstract: Individual specialization, when individuals exploit only a subset of resources utilized by the population, is a widespread phenomenon. It provides the basis for evolutionary diversification and can impact population and community dynamics. Both ... ...

    Abstract Individual specialization, when individuals exploit only a subset of resources utilized by the population, is a widespread phenomenon. It provides the basis for evolutionary diversification and can impact population and community dynamics. Both phenotypic traits and environmental conditions are predicted to influence individual specialization; however, its adaptive consequences are poorly understood, particularly among large mammalian carnivores that play an important role in shaping ecosystems. We used observations of 2,960 kills made by 49 leopards Panthera pardus in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, to quantify the magnitude of individual dietary specialization in a solitary large carnivore, and to examine the proximate and ultimate drivers of this behaviour. We found evidence of individual specialization in leopard diet, with respect to both the species and size of prey killed. Males tended to be more specialized than females, likely because they could access a wider range of prey due to larger body size. Similarly, individuals that encountered a greater diversity of prey tended to be more specialized. Our results confirmed that ecological opportunity was a key determinant of individual specialization; however, contrary to predictions, per capita resource availability (and by extension, intraspecific competition) did not affect the degree of specialization exhibited by individuals. Surprisingly, dietary specialization appeared to disadvantage male leopards. Specialist males overlapped with fewer resident females, had fewer cubs born on their home ranges and had fewer cubs survive to independence on their home ranges than generalist males. This may have resulted from the high degree of environmental stochasticity experienced during our study, as dietary specialization is expected to advantage individuals more during periods of resource predictability. In summary, we showed that a species usually considered to be a dietary generalist was in fact a heterogeneous collection of specialist and generalist individuals. Individual specialization is typically assumed to be maintained by disruptive and/or fluctuating selection; hence, the somewhat paradoxical coexistence of both in the same population might be explained by a dynamic evolutionary equilibrium that exists between specialists and generalists, in which each benefit under different conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Panthera ; South Africa ; Specialization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A globally integrated structure of taxonomy to support biodiversity science and conservation.

    Sandall, Emily L / Maureaud, Aurore A / Guralnick, Robert / McGeoch, Melodie A / Sica, Yanina V / Rogan, Matthew S / Booher, Douglas B / Edwards, Robert / Franz, Nico / Ingenloff, Kate / Lucas, Maisha / Marsh, Charles J / McGowan, Jennifer / Pinkert, Stefan / Ranipeta, Ajay / Uetz, Peter / Wieczorek, John / Jetz, Walter

    Trends in ecology & evolution

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 12, Page(s) 1143–1153

    Abstract: All aspects of biodiversity research, from taxonomy to conservation, rely on data associated with species names. Effective integration of names across multiple fields is paramount and depends on the coordination and organization of taxonomic data. We ... ...

    Abstract All aspects of biodiversity research, from taxonomy to conservation, rely on data associated with species names. Effective integration of names across multiple fields is paramount and depends on the coordination and organization of taxonomic data. We assess current efforts and find that even key applications for well-studied taxa still lack commonality in taxonomic information required for integration. We identify essential taxonomic elements from our interoperability assessment to support improved access and integration of taxonomic data. A stronger focus on these elements has the potential to involve taxonomic communities in biodiversity science and overcome broken linkages currently limiting research capacity. We encourage a community effort to democratize taxonomic expertise and language in order to facilitate maximum interoperability and integration.
    MeSH term(s) Biodiversity ; Classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Socioeconomic drivers of illegal bushmeat hunting in a Southern African Savanna

    Rogan, Matthew S / Miller, Jennifer R.B / Lindsey, Peter A / McNutt, J. Weldon

    Biological conservation. 2018 Oct., v. 226

    2018  

    Abstract: Illegal bushmeat hunting of economically and ecologically valuable wildlife populations is emerging as a threat across African savannas. Due to the cryptic nature of illegal hunting, little information exists on the drivers of the bushmeat industry. Here ...

    Abstract Illegal bushmeat hunting of economically and ecologically valuable wildlife populations is emerging as a threat across African savannas. Due to the cryptic nature of illegal hunting, little information exists on the drivers of the bushmeat industry. Here we report on the socioeconomic drivers identified in a broader investigation into illegal bushmeat hunting in rural villages around a southern African savanna ecosystem, the Okavango Delta, Botswana. We conducted interviews with bushmeat hunters and heads of rural households about hunting activities, rural livelihoods, attitudes towards wildlife, and market characteristics of illegal bushmeat. Using generalized linear models, we identified and investigated a set of independent variables that characterize illegal-hunter households. Results revealed that compared to non-hunter households, illegal hunter households (n = 119, 25% of the sample) lived in closer proximity to wildlife, were more likely to farm crops, and more often received income from formal employment by at least one household member. Bushmeat hunting was positively correlated with livestock wealth but not associated with household income. Only 11.4% (n = 44) of non-hunter households reported purchasing bushmeat. Most households (84%) reported incurring costs associated with living near wildlife (e.g., damages to crops or livestock), with no difference between hunter and non-hunter households. Hunters were more likely to say they valued wildlife. We conclude that bushmeat hunting in Botswana is generally supplemental to household core income sources rather than essential for subsistence. We propose two interventions to counter the negative impacts of illegal hunting on the region's lucrative wildlife-based economy: 1) more effective law enforcement that imposes costs for hunting illegally, and 2) development of alternative wildlife-based revenue streams that motivate communities to conserve wildlife.
    Keywords attitudes and opinions ; bushmeat ; crops ; ecosystems ; employment ; farms ; household income ; households ; hunters ; industry ; interviews ; law enforcement ; linear models ; livelihood ; livestock ; markets ; natural resources conservation ; purchasing ; savannas ; villages ; wildlife ; Botswana
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-10
    Size p. 24-31.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0006-3207
    DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.019
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Troubled spots: Human impacts constrain the density of an apex predator inside protected areas.

    Rogan, Matthew S / Distiller, Greg / Balme, Guy A / Pitman, Ross T / Mann, Gareth K H / Dubay, Shannon M / Whittington-Jones, Gareth M / Thomas, Lisa H / Broadfield, Joleen / Knutson, Thandiwe / O'Riain, M Justin

    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) e2551

    Abstract: Effective conservation requires understanding the processes that determine population outcomes. Too often, we assume that protected areas conserve wild populations despite evidence that they frequently fail to do so. Without large-scale studies, however, ...

    Abstract Effective conservation requires understanding the processes that determine population outcomes. Too often, we assume that protected areas conserve wild populations despite evidence that they frequently fail to do so. Without large-scale studies, however, we cannot determine what relationships are the product of localized conditions versus general patterns that inform conservation more broadly. Leopards' (Panthera pardus) basic ecology is well studied but little research has investigated anthropogenic effects on leopard density at broad scales. We investigated the drivers of leopard density among 27 diverse protected areas in northeastern South Africa to understand what conditions facilitate abundant populations. We formulated 10 working hypotheses that considered the relative influence of bottom-up biological factors and top-down anthropogenic factors on leopard density. Using camera-trap survey data, we fit a multi-session spatial capture-recapture model with inhomogenous density for each hypothesis and evaluated support using an information theoretic approach. The four supported hypotheses indicated that leopard density is primarily limited by human impacts, but that habitat suitability and management conditions also matter. The proportion of camera stations that recorded domestic animals, a proxy for the extent of human impacts and protected area effectiveness, was the only predictor variable present in all four supported models. Protected areas are the cornerstone of large felid conservation, but only when the human-wildlife interface is well managed and protected areas shelter wildlife populations from anthropogenic impacts. To ensure the long-term abundance of large carnivore populations, reserve managers should recognize the ineffectiveness of "paper parks" and promote contiguous networks of protected areas that offer leopards and other large mammal populations greater space and reduced human impacts.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthropogenic Effects ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Panthera/physiology ; Photography ; Population Density
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2551
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Troubled spots: Human impacts constrain the density of an apex predator inside protected areas

    Rogan, Matthew S. / Distiller, Greg / Balme, Guy A. / Pitman, Ross T. / Mann, Gareth K. H. / Dubay, Shannon M. / Whittington‐Jones, Gareth M. / Thomas, Lisa H. / Broadfield, Joleen / Knutson, Thandiwe / O'Riain, M. Justin

    Ecological applications. 2022 June, v. 32, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Effective conservation requires understanding the processes that determine population outcomes. Too often, we assume that protected areas conserve wild populations despite evidence that they frequently fail to do so. Without large‐scale studies, however, ...

    Abstract Effective conservation requires understanding the processes that determine population outcomes. Too often, we assume that protected areas conserve wild populations despite evidence that they frequently fail to do so. Without large‐scale studies, however, we cannot determine what relationships are the product of localized conditions versus general patterns that inform conservation more broadly. Leopards’ (Panthera pardus) basic ecology is well studied but little research has investigated anthropogenic effects on leopard density at broad scales. We investigated the drivers of leopard density among 27 diverse protected areas in northeastern South Africa to understand what conditions facilitate abundant populations. We formulated 10 working hypotheses that considered the relative influence of bottom‐up biological factors and top‐down anthropogenic factors on leopard density. Using camera‐trap survey data, we fit a multi‐session spatial capture–recapture model with inhomogenous density for each hypothesis and evaluated support using an information theoretic approach. The four supported hypotheses indicated that leopard density is primarily limited by human impacts, but that habitat suitability and management conditions also matter. The proportion of camera stations that recorded domestic animals, a proxy for the extent of human impacts and protected area effectiveness, was the only predictor variable present in all four supported models. Protected areas are the cornerstone of large felid conservation, but only when the human–wildlife interface is well managed and protected areas shelter wildlife populations from anthropogenic impacts. To ensure the long‐term abundance of large carnivore populations, reserve managers should recognize the ineffectiveness of “paper parks” and promote contiguous networks of protected areas that offer leopards and other large mammal populations greater space and reduced human impacts.
    Keywords Panthera pardus ; cameras ; carnivores ; conservation areas ; habitats ; humans ; mark-recapture studies ; models ; surveys ; wildlife ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2551
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: A globally integrated structure of taxonomy to support biodiversity science and conservation

    Sandall, Emily L. / Maureaud, Aurore A. / Guralnick, Robert / McGeoch, Melodie A. / Sica, Yanina V. / Rogan, Matthew S. / Booher, Douglas B. / Edwards, Robert / Franz, Nico / Ingenloff, Kate / Lucas, Maisha / Marsh, Charles J. / McGowan, Jennifer / Pinkert, Stefan / Ranipeta, Ajay / Uetz, Peter / Wieczorek, John / Jetz, Walter

    Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

    2023  

    Abstract: All aspects of biodiversity research, from taxonomy to conservation, rely on data associated with species names. Effective integration of names across multiple fields is paramount and depends on coordination and organization of taxonomic data. We assess ... ...

    Abstract All aspects of biodiversity research, from taxonomy to conservation, rely on data associated with species names. Effective integration of names across multiple fields is paramount and depends on coordination and organization of taxonomic data. We assess current efforts and find that even key applications for well-studied taxa still lack commonality in taxonomic information required for integration. We identify essential taxonomic elements from our interoperability assessment to support improved access and integration of taxonomic data. A stronger focus on these elements has the potential to involve taxonomic communities in biodiversity science and overcome broken linkages currently limiting research capacity. We encourage a community effort to democratize taxonomic expertise and language in order to facilitate maximum interoperability and integration.
    Keywords biodiversity ; evolution ; taxonomy ; taxonomic backbone ; integrative science ; data linkage ; social infrastructure ; biodiversity conservation
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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