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  1. Article ; Online: Penile diameter during puberty in boys: a retrospective analysis of longitudinally obtained data.

    Rohn, Reuben D / Perkins, Amy M / Vazifedan, Turaj

    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM

    2022  

    Abstract: Objectives: Tanner staging is the standard for rating sexual maturation (SMR) in boys (pubic hair (PH) and genital (G) development). G staging is tripartite in nature and is prone to ambiguity because it is based upon somewhat vague visual cues that may ...

    Abstract Objectives: Tanner staging is the standard for rating sexual maturation (SMR) in boys (pubic hair (PH) and genital (G) development). G staging is tripartite in nature and is prone to ambiguity because it is based upon somewhat vague visual cues that may lead to erroneous assessments and medical errors. Measurement of penile growth (penile girth or diameter) may provide an additional tool (in addition to the orchidometer) to make G staging more valid. Although studies on penile growth (either circumference of width) have been reported, none were longitudinal. Therefore, our objective was to compare penile development in boys - measured as penile diameter (PD) - to PH stage and testicular volume (TV) and secondarily to G stage; moreover, to do so on a longitudinal basis.
    Methods: Charts of 61 boys, ages 6-21 years of age, who were seen longitudinally, were reviewed. Each boy had his PD and TV measured along with his PH and G stage assessed on a quarterly to semi-annual basis.
    Results: PD increased significantly among PH stages II, III, and IV only. PD increased significantly among G stages I, II, III and IV only. PD correlated well with TV. There were significant correlations between PD and TV in all PH stages. However, for G stage correlations were not significant for stages II, III, and IV. PH stage was a better predictor of PD than G stage.
    Conclusions: Measuring PD may be another tool to help in objectifying male SMR during puberty and overcome the vagueness encountered with the visual SMR G stage scales.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1231070-0
    ISSN 2191-0251 ; 0334-018X
    ISSN (online) 2191-0251
    ISSN 0334-018X
    DOI 10.1515/jpem-2022-0291
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  2. Article ; Online: Questions remain about Vitamin D.

    Rohn, Reuben

    The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

    2013  Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 547–548

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1063374-1
    ISSN 1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
    ISSN (online) 1879-1972
    ISSN 1054-139X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.023
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2453: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated immunologic control of Staphylococcus aureus

    Hair Pamela S / Echague Charlene G / Rohn Reuben D / Krishna Neel K / Nyalwidhe Julius O / Cunnion Kenji M

    Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 1, p

    2012  Volume 35

    Abstract: Abstract Background Diabetic patients are at increased risk for bacterial infections; these studies provide new insight into the role of the host defense complement system in controlling bacterial pathogens in hyperglycemic environments. Methods The ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Diabetic patients are at increased risk for bacterial infections; these studies provide new insight into the role of the host defense complement system in controlling bacterial pathogens in hyperglycemic environments. Methods The interactions of complement C3 with bacteria in elevated glucose were assayed for complement activation to opsonic forms, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. C3 was analyzed in euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions by mass spectrometry to measure glycation and structural differences. Results Elevated glucose inhibited S. aureus activation of C3 and deposition of C3b and iC3b on the bacterial surface. S. aureus -generated C5a and serum-mediated phagocytosis by neutrophils were both decreased in elevated glucose conditions. Interestingly, elevated glucose increased the binding of unactivated C3 to S. aureus , which was reversible on return to normal glucose concentrations. In a model of polymicrobial infection, S. aureus in elevated glucose conditions depleted C3 from serum resulting in decreased complement-mediated killing of E. coli . To investigate the effect of differing glucose concentration on C3 structure and glycation, purified C3 incubated with varying glucose concentrations was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Glycation was limited to the same three lysine residues in both euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions over one hour, thus glycation could not account for observed changes between glucose conditions. However, surface labeling of C3 with sulfo-NHS-biotin showed significant changes in the surface availability of seven lysine residues in response to increasing glucose concentrations. These results suggest that the tertiary structure of C3 changes in response to hyperglycemic conditions leading to an altered interaction of C3 with bacterial pathogens. Conclusions These results demonstrate that hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated complement effectors important in the immunological control of S. aureus . Mass spectrometric analysis reveals that the glycation state of C3 is the same regardless of glucose concentration over a one-hour time period. However, in conditions of elevated glucose C3 appears to undergo structural changes.
    Keywords Complement C3 ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Hyperglycemia ; Immune evasion ; Polymicrobial infection ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 670
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Hyperglycemia inhibits complement-mediated immunological control of S. aureus in a rat model of peritonitis.

    Mauriello, Clifford T / Hair, Pamela S / Rohn, Reuben D / Rister, Nicholas S / Krishna, Neel K / Cunnion, Kenji M

    Journal of diabetes research

    2014  Volume 2014, Page(s) 762051

    Abstract: Hyperglycemia from diabetes is associated with increased risk of infection from S. aureus and increased severity of illness. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that elevated glucose (>6 mM) dramatically inhibited S. aureus-initiated complement- ... ...

    Abstract Hyperglycemia from diabetes is associated with increased risk of infection from S. aureus and increased severity of illness. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that elevated glucose (>6 mM) dramatically inhibited S. aureus-initiated complement-mediated immune effectors. Here we report in vivo studies evaluating the extent to which a hyperglycemic environment alters complement-mediated control of S. aureus infection in a rat peritonitis model. Rats were treated with streptozocin to induce diabetes or sham-treated and then inoculated i.p. with S. aureus. Rats were euthanized and had peritoneal lavage at 2 or 24 hours after infection to evaluate early and late complement-mediated effects. Hyperglycemia decreased the influx of IgG and complement components into the peritoneum in response to S. aureus infection and decreased anaphylatoxin generation. Hyperglycemia decreased C4-fragment and C3-fragment opsonization of S. aureus recovered in peritoneal fluids, compared with euglycemic or insulin-rescued rats. Hyperglycemic rats showed decreased phagocytosis efficiency compared with euglycemic rats, which correlated inversely with bacterial survival. These results suggest that hyperglycemia inhibited humoral effector recruitment, anaphylatoxin generation, and complement-mediated opsonization of S. aureus, suggesting that hyperglycemic inhibition of complement effectors may contribute to the increased risk and severity of S. aureus infections in diabetic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Anaphylatoxins/immunology ; Anaphylatoxins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Complement Activation ; Complement System Proteins/immunology ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology ; Immunity, Humoral ; Male ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Neutrophils/microbiology ; Peritoneal Cavity/microbiology ; Peritonitis/immunology ; Peritonitis/microbiology ; Phagocytosis ; Rats, Wistar ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology ; Streptozocin ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Anaphylatoxins ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Streptozocin (5W494URQ81) ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711897-6
    ISSN 2314-6753 ; 2314-6745
    ISSN (online) 2314-6753
    ISSN 2314-6745
    DOI 10.1155/2014/762051
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  5. Article ; Online: Hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated immunologic control of Staphylococcus aureus.

    Hair, Pamela S / Echague, Charlene G / Rohn, Reuben D / Krishna, Neel K / Nyalwidhe, Julius O / Cunnion, Kenji M

    Journal of translational medicine

    2012  Volume 10, Page(s) 35

    Abstract: Background: Diabetic patients are at increased risk for bacterial infections; these studies provide new insight into the role of the host defense complement system in controlling bacterial pathogens in hyperglycemic environments.: Methods: The ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diabetic patients are at increased risk for bacterial infections; these studies provide new insight into the role of the host defense complement system in controlling bacterial pathogens in hyperglycemic environments.
    Methods: The interactions of complement C3 with bacteria in elevated glucose were assayed for complement activation to opsonic forms, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. C3 was analyzed in euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions by mass spectrometry to measure glycation and structural differences.
    Results: Elevated glucose inhibited S. aureus activation of C3 and deposition of C3b and iC3b on the bacterial surface. S. aureus-generated C5a and serum-mediated phagocytosis by neutrophils were both decreased in elevated glucose conditions. Interestingly, elevated glucose increased the binding of unactivated C3 to S. aureus, which was reversible on return to normal glucose concentrations. In a model of polymicrobial infection, S. aureus in elevated glucose conditions depleted C3 from serum resulting in decreased complement-mediated killing of E. coli. To investigate the effect of differing glucose concentration on C3 structure and glycation, purified C3 incubated with varying glucose concentrations was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Glycation was limited to the same three lysine residues in both euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions over one hour, thus glycation could not account for observed changes between glucose conditions. However, surface labeling of C3 with sulfo-NHS-biotin showed significant changes in the surface availability of seven lysine residues in response to increasing glucose concentrations. These results suggest that the tertiary structure of C3 changes in response to hyperglycemic conditions leading to an altered interaction of C3 with bacterial pathogens.
    Conclusions: These results demonstrate that hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated complement effectors important in the immunological control of S. aureus. Mass spectrometric analysis reveals that the glycation state of C3 is the same regardless of glucose concentration over a one-hour time period. However, in conditions of elevated glucose C3 appears to undergo structural changes.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Complement C3/chemistry ; Complement C3/immunology ; Complement C3/isolation & purification ; Complement C3-C5 Convertases/metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Glycosylation/drug effects ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/immunology ; Hyperglycemia/microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Opsonin Proteins/immunology ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; Phagocytosis/immunology ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Complement C3 ; Opsonin Proteins ; Complement C3-C5 Convertases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1479-5876
    ISSN (online) 1479-5876
    DOI 10.1186/1479-5876-10-35
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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