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  1. Article ; Online: Endocarditis with disseminated thromboembolisms and hypercoagulable state.

    Gutiérrez Hernández, Maria Del Mar / Cardozo, Alejandra Romano / Rombauts, Alexander

    European journal of internal medicine

    2022  Volume 108, Page(s) 93–94

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Thrombophilia/complications ; Thromboembolism/diagnostic imaging ; Endocarditis/complications ; Endocarditis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038679-8
    ISSN 1879-0828 ; 0953-6205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0828
    ISSN 0953-6205
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.10.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust mucosal antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract.

    Escalera, Alba / Rojo-Fernandez, Amaya / Rombauts, Alexander / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Carratalà, Jordi / García-Sastre, Adolfo / Aydillo, Teresa

    iScience

    2024  Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 109210

    Abstract: Despite multiple research efforts to characterize coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans, there is no clear data on the specific role of mucosal immunity on COVID-19 disease. Here, we longitudinally profile the antibody response against severe ... ...

    Abstract Despite multiple research efforts to characterize coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans, there is no clear data on the specific role of mucosal immunity on COVID-19 disease. Here, we longitudinally profile the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and seasonal HCoV-OC43 S proteins in serum and nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 patients. Results showed that specific antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 S proteins can be detected in the upper respiratory tract. We found that COVID-19 patients mounted a robust mucosal antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 S with specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody subtypes detected in the nasal swabs. Additionally, COVID-19 patients showed IgG, IgA, and sIgA responses against HCoV-OC43 S in the local mucosa, whereas no specific IgM was detected. Interestingly, mucosal antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 7, whereas HCoV-OC43 titers peaked earlier at day 3 post-recruitment, suggesting an immune memory recall to conserved epitopes of beta-HCoVs in the upper respiratory tract.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109210
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: One air, one health: air pollution in the era of antimicrobial resistance.

    Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Rombauts, Alexander / Burguillos, Núria / Carratalà, Jordi

    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 947–948

    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Global Health ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1328418-6
    ISSN 1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
    ISSN (online) 1469-0691
    ISSN 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.04.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Role of the inflammatory response in community-acquired pneumonia: clinical implications.

    Rombauts, Alexander / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Cuervo, Guillermo / Gudiol, Carlota / Carratalà, Jordi

    Expert review of anti-infective therapy

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 10, Page(s) 1261–1274

    Abstract: Introduction: Despite adequate antibiotic coverage, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. It induces both a local pulmonary and a systemic inflammatory response, particularly significant ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Despite adequate antibiotic coverage, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. It induces both a local pulmonary and a systemic inflammatory response, particularly significant in severe cases. The intensity of the dysregulated host response varies from patient to patient and has a negative impact on survival and other outcomes.
    Areas covered: This comprehensive review summarizes the pathophysiological aspects of the inflammatory response in CAP, briefly discusses the usefulness of biomarkers, and assesses the clinical evidence for modulating the inflammatory pathways. We searched PubMed for the most relevant studies, reviews, and meta-analysis until August 2020.
    Expert opinion: Notable efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can accurately differentiate between viral and bacterial etiology, and indeed, to enhance risk stratification in CAP. However, none has proven ideal and no recommended biomarker-guided algorithms exist. Biomarker signatures from proteomic and metabolomic studies could be more useful for such assessments. To date, most studies have produced contradictory results concerning the role of immunomodulatory agents (e.g. corticosteroids, macrolides, and statins) in CAP. Adequately identifying the population who may benefit most from effective modulation of the inflammatory response remains a challenge.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Pneumonia/diagnosis ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Proteomics
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biomarkers ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Macrolides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2181279-2
    ISSN 1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
    ISSN (online) 1744-8336
    ISSN 1478-7210
    DOI 10.1080/14787210.2021.1834848
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

    Viasus, Diego / Simonetti, Antonella F / Nonell, Lara / Vidal, Oscar / Meije, Yolanda / Ortega, Lucía / Arnal, Magdalena / Bódalo-Torruella, Marta / Sierra, Montserrat / Rombauts, Alexander / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Blanchart, Gemma / Gudiol, Carlota / Carratalà, Jordi

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: 1) Background: Information regarding gene expression profiles and the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is scarce. We aimed to examine the differences in the gene expression profiles in peripheral blood at hospital admission between ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Information regarding gene expression profiles and the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is scarce. We aimed to examine the differences in the gene expression profiles in peripheral blood at hospital admission between patients with CAP who died during hospitalization and those who survived. (2) Methods: This is a multicenter study of nonimmunosuppressed adult patients who required hospitalization for CAP. Whole blood samples were obtained within 24 h of admission for genome-expression-profile analysis. Gene expression profiling identified both differentially expressed genes and enriched gene sets. (3) Results: A total of 198 samples from adult patients who required hospitalization for CAP were processed, of which 13 were from patients who died. Comparison of gene expression between patients who died and those who survived yielded 49 differentially expressed genes, 36 of which were upregulated and 13 downregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified four positively enriched gene sets in survivors, mainly associated with the interferon-alpha response, apoptosis, and sex hormone pathways. Similarly, GSEA identified seven positively enriched gene sets, associated with the oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and angiogenesis pathways, in the patients who died. Protein-protein-interaction-network analysis identified
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11020429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Dynamics of Gene Expression Profiling and Identification of High-Risk Patients for Severe COVID-19.

    Rombauts, Alexander / Bódalo Torruella, Marta / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Perera-Bel, Júlia / Ferrer-Salvador, Anna / Acedo-Terrades, Ariadna / Gabarrós-Subirà, Maria / Oriol, Isabel / Gudiol, Carlota / Nonell, Lara / Carratalà, Jordi

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, from asymptomatic infection to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The host response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in determining the clinical ...

    Abstract The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, from asymptomatic infection to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The host response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in determining the clinical outcome. We hypothesized that determining the dynamic whole blood transcriptomic profile of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients and characterizing the subgroup that develops severe disease and ARDS would broaden our understanding of the heterogeneity in clinical outcomes. We recruited 60 hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, among whom 19 developed ARDS. Peripheral blood was collected using PAXGene RNA tubes within 24 h of admission and on day 7. There were 2572 differently expressed genes in patients with ARDS at baseline and 1149 at day 7. We found a dysregulated inflammatory response in COVID-19 ARDS patients, with an increased expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory molecules and neutrophil and macrophage activation at admission, in addition to an immune regulation loss. This led, in turn, to a higher expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, protein polyubiquitination, and metalloproteinases in the latter stages. Some of the most significant differences in gene expression found between patients with and without ARDS corresponded to long non-coding RNA involved in epigenetic control.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11051348
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Antifungal prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin-B in solid-organ transplant recipients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study.

    Rombauts, Alexander / Bodro, Marta / Daniel Gumucio, Victor / Carbonell, Irene / Favà, Àlex / Lladó, Laura / González-Costello, José / Oppenheimer, Federico / Castel-Lavilla, María Ángeles / Len, Oscar / Marquez-Algaba, Ester / Nuvials-Casals, Xavier / Martínez González, Daniel / Lacasa, Judith Sacanell / Carratalà, Jordi / Sabé, Nuría

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1165236

    Abstract: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as a frequent complication in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, little is known about this life-threatening fungal superinfection in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), including ...

    Abstract COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as a frequent complication in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, little is known about this life-threatening fungal superinfection in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), including whether targeted anti-mold prophylaxis might be justified in this immunosuppressed population. We performed a multicentric observational retrospective study of all consecutive ICU-admitted COVID-19 SOTRs between August 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. SOTRs receiving antifungal prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin-B were compared with those without prophylaxis. CAPA was defined according the ECMM/ISHAM criteria. Sixty-four SOTRs were admitted to ICU for COVID-19 during the study period. One patient received antifungal prophylaxis with isavuconazole and was excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 63 SOTRs, nineteen (30.2%) received anti-mold prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin-B. Ten SOTRs who did not receive prophylaxis developed pulmonary mold infections (nine CAPA and one mucormycosis) compared with one who received nebulized amphotericin-B (22.7% vs 5.3%; risk ratio 0.23; 95%CI 0.032-1.68), but with no differences in survival. No severe adverse events related to nebulized amphotericin-B were recorded. SOTRs admitted to ICU with COVID-19 are at high risk for CAPA. However, nebulized amphotericin-B is safe and might reduce the incidence of CAPA in this high-risk population. A randomized clinical trial to confirm these findings is warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Amphotericin B/therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 ; Organ Transplantation
    Chemical Substances Amphotericin B (7XU7A7DROE) ; Antifungal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Observational Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165236
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  8. Article ; Online: SARS-Cov-2 incubation period according to vaccination status during the fifth COVID-19 wave in a tertiary-care center in Spain: a cohort study.

    Cortés Martínez, Jordi / Pak, Daewoo / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Langohr, Klaus / Ning, Jing / Rombauts, Alexander / Colom, Mireia / Shen, Yu / Gómez Melis, Guadalupe

    BMC infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 828

    Abstract: Background: The incubation period of an infectious disease is defined as the elapsed time between the exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms. Although both the mRNA-based and the adenoviral vector-based vaccines have shown to be effective, ... ...

    Abstract Background: The incubation period of an infectious disease is defined as the elapsed time between the exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms. Although both the mRNA-based and the adenoviral vector-based vaccines have shown to be effective, there have been raising concerns regarding possible decreases in vaccine effectiveness for new variants and variations in the incubation period.
    Methods: We conducted a unicentric observational study at the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, using a structured telephone survey performed by trained interviewers to estimate the incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a cohort of Spanish hospitalized patients. The distribution of the incubation period was estimated using the generalized odds-rate class of regression models.
    Results: From 406 surveyed patients, 242 provided adequate information to be included in the analysis. The median incubation period was 2.8 days (95%CI: 2.5-3.1) and no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were found. Sex and age are neither shown not to be significantly related to the COVID-19 incubation time.
    Conclusions: Knowing the incubation period is crucial for controlling the spread of an infectious disease: decisions on the duration of the quarantine or on the periods of active monitoring of people who have been at high risk of exposure depend on the length of the incubation period. Furthermore, its probability distribution is a key element for predicting the prevalence and the incidence of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Spain/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Infectious Disease Incubation Period ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041550-3
    ISSN 1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    ISSN 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-022-07822-4
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  9. Article: Characteristics and Outcomes by Ceiling of Care of Subjects Hospitalized with COVID-19 During Four Waves of the Pandemic in a Metropolitan Area: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

    Pallarès, Natàlia / Tebé, Cristian / Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Rombauts, Alexander / Oriol, Isabel / Simonetti, Antonella F / Rodríguez-Molinero, Alejandro / Izquierdo, Elisenda / Díaz-Brito, Vicens / Molist, Gemma / Gómez Melis, Guadalupe / Carratalà, Jordi / Videla, Sebastián

    Infectious diseases and therapy

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 273–289

    Abstract: Introduction: The profiles of patients with COVID-19 have been widely studied, but little is known about differences in baseline characteristics and in outcomes between subjects with a ceiling of care assigned at hospital admission and subjects without ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The profiles of patients with COVID-19 have been widely studied, but little is known about differences in baseline characteristics and in outcomes between subjects with a ceiling of care assigned at hospital admission and subjects without a ceiling of care. The aim of this study is to compare, by ceiling of care, clinical features and outcomes of hospitalized subjects during four waves of COVID-19 in a metropolitan area in Catalonia.
    Methods: Observational study conducted during the first (March-April 2020), second (October-November 2020), third (January-February 2021), and fourth wave (July-August 2021) of COVID-19 in five centers of Catalonia. All subjects were adults (> 18 years old) hospitalized with a proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and with therapeutic ceiling of care assessed by the attending physician at hospital admission.
    Results: A total of 5813 subjects were analyzed. Subjects with a ceiling of care were mainly older (difference in median age of 20 years), with more comorbidities (Charlson index 3 points higher) and with fewer clinical signs at baseline than patients without a ceiling of care. Some features of their clinical profiles changed among waves. There were differences in treatments received during hospital admission across waves, but not between subjects with and without a ceiling of care. Subjects with a ceiling of care had a death incidence more than four times the death incidence of subjects a without a ceiling of care (risk ratio (RR) ranging from 3.5 in the first wave to almost 6 in the third and fourth). Incidence of severe pneumonia and complications for subjects with a ceiling of care was around 1.5 times the incidence in subjects without a ceiling of care.
    Discussion: Analysis of hospitalized subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be stratified according to therapeutic ceiling of care to avoid bias and outcome misestimation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-10
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701611-0
    ISSN 2193-6382 ; 2193-8229
    ISSN (online) 2193-6382
    ISSN 2193-8229
    DOI 10.1007/s40121-022-00705-w
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of positive microbiological testing on antibiotic de-escalation and outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia: a propensity score analysis.

    Abelenda-Alonso, Gabriela / Rombauts, Alexander / Gudiol, Carlota / García-Lerma, Esther / Pallarés, Natalia / Ardanuy, Carmen / Calatayud, Laura / Niubó, Jordi / Tebé, Cristian / Carratalà, Jordi

    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 12, Page(s) 1602–1608

    Abstract: Objectives: The usefulness of routine microbiological testing for rationalising antibiotic use in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a subject of debate. We aim to determine the effect of positive ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The usefulness of routine microbiological testing for rationalising antibiotic use in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a subject of debate. We aim to determine the effect of positive microbiological testing on antimicrobial de-escalation and clinical outcomes in CAP.
    Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of non-immunosuppressed adults hospitalised with CAP was performed. The primary study outcome was antimicrobial de-escalation. Secondary outcomes included 30-day case-fatality rate, adverse events, and CAP recurrence. Adjustment for confounders was performed by inverse probability weighting propensity score, logistic regression, and cause-specific Cox model.
    Results: Of 3677 patients with CAP, 1924 (52.3%) had any positive microbiological test. Antimicrobial de-escalation was performed in 648/1924 (33.7%) of patients with positive microbiological testing and in 179/1753 (10.2%) of those with non-positive results. When propensity score was entered into the multivariate analysis, positive microbiological testing (adjusted OR (AOR)], 2.59; 1.96-3.41) and clinical stability at day 3 (AOR 1.87; 1.45-2.10) were two of the main factors independently associated with antimicrobial de-escalation. After applying an adjusted cause-specific Cox model, antimicrobial de-escalation was not associated with a higher 30-day case-fatality rate (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.14-1.43)), higher frequency of adverse events (AHR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.53-1.12)), or CAP recurrence (AHR, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.35-1.14)).
    Discussion: Antimicrobial de-escalation was more often performed in hospitalised patients with CAP who had positive microbiological tests than in those with non-positive results, and it did not adversely affect relevant clinical outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Propensity Score ; Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Pneumonia/diagnosis ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Pneumonia/microbiology ; Anti-Infective Agents
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1328418-6
    ISSN 1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
    ISSN (online) 1469-0691
    ISSN 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
    DOI 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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