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Article ; Online: Common Pollen Modulate Immune Responses against Viral-Like Challenges in Airway Coculture Model.

Tossavainen, Tarleena / Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Loukola, Hanna / Roponen, Marjut

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 6639092

Abstract: Recent research indicates that exposure to pollen increases the risk and severity of respiratory infections, while studies also suggest that it may possess a protective function. Our aim was to investigate how exposure to common pollen modifies airway ... ...

Abstract	Recent research indicates that exposure to pollen increases the risk and severity of respiratory infections, while studies also suggest that it may possess a protective function. Our aim was to investigate how exposure to common pollen modifies airway cells' responses to viral- or bacterial-like challenges and vice versa. Cocultured A549 and THP-1 cells were exposed to three doses of four different pollens (
MeSH term(s)	Coculture Techniques ; Toll-Like Receptor 7 ; Pollen ; Cytokines ; Immunity ; Allergens
Chemical Substances	Toll-Like Receptor 7 ; Cytokines ; Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2817541-4
ISSN	2314-7156 ; 2314-7156
ISSN (online)	2314-7156
ISSN	2314-7156
DOI	10.1155/2023/6639092
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Article ; Online: Cryopreservation affected the levels of immune responses of PBMCs and antigen-presenting cells.

Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Roponen, Marjut

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA

2020 Volume 67, Page(s) 104918

Abstract: The effect of cryopreservation on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is understudied. It is important to understand the effects of cryopreservation on these cells as they play a major role in immune responses, and they could be utilized in different ... ...

Abstract	The effect of cryopreservation on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is understudied. It is important to understand the effects of cryopreservation on these cells as they play a major role in immune responses, and they could be utilized in different clinical applications. In this study, we compared fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs in regards of their general immune responsiveness and, furthermore, the effect of cryopreservation on the circulating APCs among PBMCs. We stimulated fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs (N = 6) with LPS or Poly(I:C).Cytokine production of PBMCs and expression of functional markers CD80 and ILT4 on major types of APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, were analysed. We also analysed whether cryopreservation affects different subtypes of DCs (plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs) differently. Cryopreserved PBMCs produced less cytokines than fresh cells in response to stimulation, but the response profiles were comparable. Cryopreservation had also an effect on the relative proportions of APCs. Stimuli-induced responses were somewhat parallel but weaker than those observed in fresh cells. This study suggests that the use of cryopreserved cells is more suitable in studies that assess general responses to stimuli instead of measuring exact levels of reactions. Thus, the interpretation and comparison of the results of different studies should not be done without considering the differences in cryopreservation techniques and their effects on PBMCs and, more specifically, on APCs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; B7-1 Antigen/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryopreservation ; Cytokines/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity/drug effects ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Poly I-C/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	B7-1 Antigen ; CD80 protein, human ; Cytokines ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Poly I-C (O84C90HH2L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639064-x
ISSN	1879-3177 ; 0887-2333
ISSN (online)	1879-3177
ISSN	0887-2333
DOI	10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104918
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Article ; Online: Pollen, respiratory viruses, and climate change: Synergistic effects on human health

Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Tossavainen, Tarleena / Hannukka, Noora / Roponen, Marjut

Environmental Research. 2023 Feb., v. 219 p.115149-

2023

Abstract: In recent years, evidence of the synergistic effects of pollen and viruses on respiratory health has begun to accumulate. Pollen exposure is a known risk factor for the incidence and severity of respiratory viral infections. However, recent evidence ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, evidence of the synergistic effects of pollen and viruses on respiratory health has begun to accumulate. Pollen exposure is a known risk factor for the incidence and severity of respiratory viral infections. However, recent evidence suggests that pollen exposure may also inhibit or weaken viral infections. A comprehensive summary has not been made and a consensus on the synergistic health effects has not been reached. It is highly possible that climate change will increase the significance of pollen exposure as a cause of respiratory problems and, at the same time, affect the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. It is important to accurately assess how these two factors affect human health separately and concurrently. In this review article, for the first time, the data from previous studies are combined and reviewed and potential research gaps concerning the synergistic effects of pollen and viral exposure are identified.
Keywords	climate change ; human health ; infectious diseases ; pollen ; research ; risk factors ; Allergy ; Immune response ; Respiratory virus ; ACE2 ; AR ; CCL ; GM-CSF ; HBE ; HCMV ; HNEC ; ICAM-1 ; IFN ; Ig ; IL ; ILI ; IP ; MCP ; MDC ; MHC ; MIP ; PBEC ; PBMC ; RIG-I ; MDA5 ; RSV ; TER ; TLR ; TNF ; VEGF
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.115149
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Article ; Online: Pollen, respiratory viruses, and climate change: Synergistic effects on human health.

Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Tossavainen, Tarleena / Hannukka, Noora / Roponen, Marjut

Environmental research

2022 Volume 219, Page(s) 115149

Abstract	In recent years, evidence of the synergistic effects of pollen and viruses on respiratory health has begun to accumulate. Pollen exposure is a known risk factor for the incidence and severity of respiratory viral infections. However, recent evidence suggests that pollen exposure may also inhibit or weaken viral infections. A comprehensive summary has not been made and a consensus on the synergistic health effects has not been reached. It is highly possible that climate change will increase the significance of pollen exposure as a cause of respiratory problems and, at the same time, affect the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. It is important to accurately assess how these two factors affect human health separately and concurrently. In this review article, for the first time, the data from previous studies are combined and reviewed and potential research gaps concerning the synergistic effects of pollen and viral exposure are identified.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Climate Change ; Pollen ; Risk Factors ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Viruses ; Allergens
Chemical Substances	Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.115149
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Article ; Online: Cattle farm dust alters cytokine levels in human airway construct model.

Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Huttunen, Kati / Tossavainen, Tarleena / Nordberg, Maria-Elisa / Roponen, Marjut

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA

2023 Volume 88, Page(s) 105559

Abstract: Epidemiological studies have revealed some alterations in systemic immunity that associate with farm exposure and the risk of respiratory diseases, but in vitro studies focusing on immunological responses in the airways are scarce. Our aim was to assess ... ...

Abstract	Epidemiological studies have revealed some alterations in systemic immunity that associate with farm exposure and the risk of respiratory diseases, but in vitro studies focusing on immunological responses in the airways are scarce. Our aim was to assess how cowshed dust affects the integrity and inflammation of human airway tissue in vitro. Cowshed dust samples were collected from four different dairy farms. Lung tissue constructs were exposed to dust samples in air-liquid interface. Transepithelial resistance of the tissue, secreted proteins, and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines were analysed. Cowshed dust stimulation was associated mainly with increased production of IL-13, IL-15, IP-10 and IFN-γ. Some differences between farms were seen. Only one farm dust sample induced a significant change in transepithelial resistance, whereas dust from two of the farms induced the secretion of proteins. The exposure to cowshed dust affected protein and cytokine secretion, but the response profiles were not uniform between farms. The effect on tight junction dynamics was less pronounced, suggesting the relevance of soluble factors in induced responses in the airways. Our results indicate that in addition to farm type, the contribution of cowshed characteristics to dust composition and its immunomodulatory properties should be taken into account.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cattle ; Animals ; Dust/analysis ; Farms ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Inflammation
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639064-x
ISSN	1879-3177 ; 0887-2333
ISSN (online)	1879-3177
ISSN	0887-2333
DOI	10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105559
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Article ; Online: Immune modulation by rural exposures and allergy protection.

Xing, Yuhan / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Yang, Zhaowei / Wang, Maggie Haitian / Pivniouk, Vadim / Leung, Agnes Sze-Yin / Leung, Ting-Fan / Roponen, Marjut / Schaub, Bianca / Vercelli, Donata / Wong, Chun-Kwok / Li, Jing / Wong, Gary Wing-Kin

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

2024 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) e14086

Abstract: Background: Growing up on traditional farms protects children from the development of asthma and allergies. However, we have identified distinct asthma-protective factors, such as poultry exposure. This study aims to examine the biological effect of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Growing up on traditional farms protects children from the development of asthma and allergies. However, we have identified distinct asthma-protective factors, such as poultry exposure. This study aims to examine the biological effect of rural exposure in China. Methods: We recruited 67 rural children (7.4 ± 0.9 years) and 79 urban children (6.8 ± 0.6 years). Depending on the personal history of exposure to domestic poultry (DP), rural children were further divided into those with DP exposure (DP Results: There was a stepwise increase in the percentage of eosinophils (%) from rural DP Conclusions: Immune responses of rural children were dampened compared to urban children and those exposed to DP had further downregulated immune responsiveness. DP dust extracts ameliorated Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation in mice. Determining active protective components in the rural environment may provide directions for the development of primary prevention of asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects ; Hypersensitivity ; Asthma ; Allergens ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dust ; Inflammation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunity ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides ; Allergens ; Cytokines ; Dust ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1057059-7
ISSN	1399-3038 ; 0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
ISSN (online)	1399-3038
ISSN	0905-6157 ; 0906-5784
DOI	10.1111/pai.14086
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Article ; Online: Toxicological and microbiological characterization of cow stable dust.

Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Tossavainen, Tarleena / Täubel, Martin / Wolczkiewicz, Kirsi / Lähde, Anna / Roponen, Marjut

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA

2021 Volume 75, Page(s) 105202

Abstract: Exposure to farm environment has been shown to both protect from allergic diseases and increase the risk of respiratory syndromes. Mechanisms have been previously investigated by using farm dust extracts or specific components of dust. The use of ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to farm environment has been shown to both protect from allergic diseases and increase the risk of respiratory syndromes. Mechanisms have been previously investigated by using farm dust extracts or specific components of dust. The use of authentic farm dust would better reflect the natural exposure. The aim of our study was to highlight the importance of proper assessment of the cow stable dust characteristics before conducting further investigations. For this purpose, we characterized microbiome and size distribution of unprocessed cow stable dust and its toxicological properties, as they have been often overlooked in search of protective factors. Stable dust samples from four Finnish dairy farms were collected by utilizing two different collection methods. Toxicological potential was analysed by stimulating co-cultures of lung epithelial and macrophage-like cells with dust. Size and mass distributions of airborne particles in the stables and bacterial and fungal microbiota of the dust were analysed. Stimulation with dust did not affect viability, but heightened oxidative stress responses and cytokine secretion, and slightly reduced the metabolic activity. There were a few differences in responses between farms, however, the differences were mainly in the intensity and not in the direction of the response. Cellular responses induced by dusts collected by different sampling methods did not differ substantially. Unprocessed stable dust samples showed relatively low direct toxicity but were able to trigger immune responses in studied cell model. This suggest that these dust collection methods could be utilized when investigating e.g. asthma-protective mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dairying ; Dust/analysis ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Housing, Animal ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Oxidative Stress ; Particle Size ; Pulmonary Alveoli/cytology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Dust ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6 ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; TNF protein, human ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639064-x
ISSN	1879-3177 ; 0887-2333
ISSN (online)	1879-3177
ISSN	0887-2333
DOI	10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105202
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Article ; Online: Poultry exposure and environmental protection against asthma in rural children.

Xing, Yuhan / Wang, Maggie H / Leung, Ting-Fan / Wong, Chun-Kwok / Roponen, Marjut / Schaub, Bianca / Li, Jing / Wong, Gary W K

Allergy

2022 Volume 77, Issue 10, Page(s) 2949–2960

Abstract: Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and the prevalence has been increasing over the past few decades. One of the most consistent epidemiological findings is that children living in a farming or rural environment ... ...

Abstract	Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and the prevalence has been increasing over the past few decades. One of the most consistent epidemiological findings is that children living in a farming or rural environment are protected from development of asthma and allergies, but the protective factors in rural China are not clear. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed in a total of 17,587 children aged 5-8 years, 3435 from Hong Kong (urban) and 14,152 from Conghua (rural county in southern China). Asthma and allergic symptoms as well as environmental exposures were ascertained by using a standardized and validated questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of current wheeze was significantly lower in rural Conghua than that of urban Hong Kong (1.7% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001). A lower rate of asthma ever was also reported in rural children compared with their urban counterparts (2.5% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, exposure to agricultural farming (adjusted odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.97) and poultry (0.75, 0.59-0.96) were the most important factors associated with the asthma-protective effect in the rural area. Further propensity score-adjusted analysis indicated that such protection conferred by living in the rural environment was mainly attributable to poultry exposure. Conclusions: We confirmed that the prevalence of asthma and atopic disorders was significantly lower in rural children when compared with their urban peers. Exposure to poultry and agricultural farming are the most important factors associated with asthma protection in the rural area.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Child ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Humans ; Poultry ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391933-x
ISSN	1398-9995 ; 0105-4538
ISSN (online)	1398-9995
ISSN	0105-4538
DOI	10.1111/all.15365
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Article ; Online: Toxicological evaluation and concentration of airborne PM

Yang, Mo / Wu, Qi-Zhen / Zhang, Yun-Ting / Leskinen, Ari / Wang, Xin-Feng / Komppula, Mika / Hakkarainen, Henri / Roponen, Marjut / Jin, Nan-Xiang / Tan, Wei-Hong / Xu, Shu-Li / Lin, Li-Zi / Liu, Ru-Qing / Zeng, Xiao-Wen / Dong, Guang-Hui / Jalava, Pasi I

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 921, Page(s) 171224

Abstract: The emissions and exposure limits for airborne ... ...

Abstract	The emissions and exposure limits for airborne PM
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Particulate Matter/toxicity ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Air Pollution ; China ; Inflammation Mediators ; Particle Size ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Inflammation Mediators
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171224
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Article: Urban air PM modifies differently immune defense responses against bacterial and viral infections in vitro

Shahbaz, Muhammad Ali / Martikainen, Maria-Viola / Rönkkö, Teemu J / Komppula, Mika / Jalava, Pasi I / Roponen, Marjut

Environmental research. 2021 Jan., v. 192

2021

Abstract: Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of immunomodulatory ... ...

Abstract	Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of PM remain unclear. Our objective was to explore how exposure to relatively low doses of urban air PM alters innate responses to bacterial and viral stimuli in vitro. We used secondary alveolar epithelial cell line along with monocyte-derived macrophages to replicate innate lung barrier in vitro. Co-cultured cells were first exposed for 24 h to PM₂.₅₋₁ (particle aerodynamic diameter between 1 and 2.5 μm) and subsequently for an additional 24 h to lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3), and synthetic single-stranded RNA oligoribonucleotides (TLR7/8) to mimic bacterial or viral stimulation. Toxicological endpoints included pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α), cellular metabolic activity, and cell cycle phase distribution. We show that cells exposed to PM₂.₅₋₁ produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines following stimulation with bacterial TLR4 ligand than cells exposed to PM₂.₅₋₁ or bacterial ligand alone. On the contrary, PM₂.₅₋₁ exposure reduced pro-inflammatory responses to viral ligands TLR3 and TLR7/8. Cell cycle analysis indicated that viral ligands induced cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase. In PM-primed co-cultures, however, they failed to induce the G2-M phase arrest. Contrarily, bacterial stimulation caused a slight increase in cells in the sub-G1 phase but in PM₂.₅₋₁ primed co-cultures the effect of bacterial stimulation was masked by PM₂.₅₋₁. These findings indicate that PM₂.₅₋₁ may alter responses of immune defense differently against bacterial and viral infections. Further studies are required to explain the mechanism of immune modulation caused by PM in altering the susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Keywords	RNA ; aerodynamics ; air ; biochemical pathways ; cell cycle checkpoints ; cell lines ; coculture ; epithelial cells ; immune response ; immunomodulation ; interleukin-6 ; interleukin-8 ; ligands ; lipopolysaccharides ; lungs ; macrophages ; oligoribonucleotides ; particulates ; polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid ; research ; toxicology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.110244
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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