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Article: Comparison of young male mice of two different strains (C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J) in selected behavior tests: a small scale study.

Hansen, Kristine Eraker Aasland / Hudecová, Alexandra M / Haugen, Fred / Skjerve, Eystein / Ropstad, Erik / Zimmer, Karin E

Laboratory animal research

2022 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 30

Abstract: Background: All mouse strains are different, before choosing a strain for a large study, a small scale study should be done. In this study, we compared young males of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J, and gained knowledge on their ... ...

Abstract	Background: All mouse strains are different, before choosing a strain for a large study, a small scale study should be done. In this study, we compared young males of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J, and gained knowledge on their performance in three different behavioral tests; open field (OF) test, Barnes maze (BM) test and a restraint stress test. Results: We found that the young males of the C57BL/6J strain spent more time moving in the OF. In the BM, the hybrid covered less ground before reaching the goal box during the first three sessions, than the C57BL/6J. The hybrid left more fecal pellets than C57BL/6J both in OF and BM. During the stress test, the C57BL/6J had a lower corticosterone response than the hybrid. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the C57BL/6J has a presumably higher locomotor activity and/or explorative behavior than the hybrid, while the hybrid appeared more sensitive to stress.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2623220-0
ISSN	2233-7660 ; 1738-6055
ISSN (online)	2233-7660
ISSN	1738-6055
DOI	10.1186/s42826-022-00140-5
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Article ; Online: Svalbard reindeer winter diets: Long-term dietary shifts to graminoids in response to a changing climate.

Hiltunen, Tamara A / Stien, Audun / Väisänen, Maria / Ropstad, Erik / Aspi, Jouni O / Welker, Jeffery M

Global change biology

2022 Volume 28, Issue 23, Page(s) 7009–7022

Abstract: Arctic ecosystems are changing dramatically with warmer and wetter conditions resulting in complex interactions between herbivores and their forage. We investigated how Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) modify their late winter diets in ...

Abstract	Arctic ecosystems are changing dramatically with warmer and wetter conditions resulting in complex interactions between herbivores and their forage. We investigated how Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) modify their late winter diets in response to long-term trends and interannual variation in forage availability and accessibility. By reconstructing their diets and foraging niches over a 17-year period (1995-2012) using serum δ
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Reindeer/physiology ; Svalbard ; Ecosystem ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Seasons ; Arctic Regions ; Diet ; Climate Change
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16420
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Article ; Online: A Summer Heat Wave Reduced Activity, Heart Rate, and Autumn Body Mass in a Cold-Adapted Ungulate.

Trondrud, L Monica / Pigeon, Gabriel / Król, Elżbieta / Albon, Steve / Ropstad, Erik / Kumpula, Jouko / Evans, Alina L / Speakman, John R / Loe, Leif Egil

Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ

2023 Volume 96, Issue 4, Page(s) 282–293

Abstract: AbstractHeat waves are becoming more frequent across the globe and may impose severe thermoregulatory challenges for endotherms. Heat stress can induce both behavioral and physiological responses, which may result in energy deficits with potential ... ...

Abstract	AbstractHeat waves are becoming more frequent across the globe and may impose severe thermoregulatory challenges for endotherms. Heat stress can induce both behavioral and physiological responses, which may result in energy deficits with potential fitness consequences. We studied the responses of reindeer (
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Reindeer/physiology ; Heart Rate ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Temperature ; Seasons ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1473845-4
ISSN	1537-5293 ; 1522-2152
ISSN (online)	1537-5293
ISSN	1522-2152
DOI	10.1086/725363
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Article: Rabies in arctic fox (vulpes lagopus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during an outbreak on svalbard, norway, 2011–12

Ørpetveit, Irene / Reiten, Malin Rokseth / Benestad, Sylvie L. / Ropstad, Erik / Strandbygaard, Bertel / Madslien, Knut / Stokke, Espen / Ytrehus, Bjørnar

Journal of wildlife diseases. 2022 July 25, v. 58, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Rabies is an important zoonotic disease with high fatality rates in animals and humans. In the Arctic, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is regarded as the principal reservoir, but there is considerable debate about how the disease persists at the low ... ...

Abstract	Rabies is an important zoonotic disease with high fatality rates in animals and humans. In the Arctic, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is regarded as the principal reservoir, but there is considerable debate about how the disease persists at the low population densities that are typical for this species. We describe an outbreak of rabies among Arctic foxes and Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during 2011–12 on the remote Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, an area with a very low and relatively stable Arctic fox density. The aim of the research was to increase knowledge of Arctic rabies in this ecosystem and in the presumed spillover host, the Svalbard reindeer. Phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus (RABV) RNA isolates from Arctic fox and reindeer was performed, and clinical observations and histologic and immunohistochemical findings in reindeer were described. An ongoing capture-mark-recapture project allowed collection of serum samples from clinically healthy reindeer from the affected population for detection of rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies. The outbreak was caused by at least two different variants belonging to the RABV Arctic-2 and Arctic-3 clades, which suggests that rabies was introduced to Svalbard on at least two different occasions. The RABV variants found in Arctic fox and reindeer were similar within locations, suggesting that Arctic foxes and reindeer acquired the infection from the same source(s). The histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 10 reindeer were consistent with descriptions in other species infected with RABV of non-Arctic lineages. Evidence of RABV was detected in both brain and salivary gland samples. None of 158 examined serum samples from clinically healthy reindeer had virus-neutralizing antibodies against RABV.
Keywords	RNA ; Rabies lyssavirus ; Rangifer tarandus ; Vulpes lagopus ; blood serum ; brain ; death ; ecosystems ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; mark-recapture studies ; phylogeny ; rabies ; reindeer ; salivary glands ; wildlife ; zoonoses ; Arctic region ; Norway
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0725
Size	p. 550-561.
Publishing place	Wildlife Disease Association
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/JWD-D-21-00112
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Svalbard reindeer winter diets: Long‐term dietary shifts to graminoids in response to a changing climate

Hiltunen, Tamara A. / Stien, Audun / Väisänen, Maria / Ropstad, Erik / Aspi, Jouni O. / Welker, Jeffery M.

Global Change Biology. 2022 Dec., v. 28, no. 23 p.7009-7022

2022

Abstract	Arctic ecosystems are changing dramatically with warmer and wetter conditions resulting in complex interactions between herbivores and their forage. We investigated how Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) modify their late winter diets in response to long‐term trends and interannual variation in forage availability and accessibility. By reconstructing their diets and foraging niches over a 17‐year period (1995–2012) using serum δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values, we found strong support for a temporal increase in the proportions of graminoids in the diets with a concurrent decline in the contributions of mosses. This dietary shift corresponds with graminoid abundance increases in the region and was associated with increases in population density, warmer summer temperatures and more frequent rain‐on‐snow (ROS) in winter. In addition, the variance in isotopic niche positions, breadths, and overlaps also supported a temporal shift in the foraging niche and a dietary response to extreme ROS events. Our long‐term study highlights the mechanisms by which winter and summer climate changes cascade through vegetation shifts and herbivore population dynamics to alter the foraging niche of Svalbard reindeer. Although it has been anticipated that climate changes in the Svalbard region of the Arctic would be detrimental to this unique ungulate, our study suggests that environmental change is in a phase where conditions are improving for this subspecies at the northernmost edge of the Rangifer distribution.
Keywords	Rangifer tarandus ; blood serum ; climate ; decline ; forage ; global change ; graminoids ; herbivores ; population density ; population dynamics ; reindeer ; summer ; variance ; vegetation ; winter ; Arctic region ; Norway
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 7009-7022.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16420
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Developmental exposure to a POPs mixture or PFOS increased body weight and reduced swimming ability but had no effect on reproduction or behavior in zebrafish adults

Christou, Maria / Ropstad, Erik / Brown, Stephen / Kamstra, Jorke H / Fraser, Thomas W.K

Aquatic toxicology. 2021 Aug., v. 237

2021

Abstract: Complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are regularly detected in the environment and animal tissues. Often these chemicals are associated with latent effects following early-life exposures, following the developmental origin of health ... ...

Abstract	Complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are regularly detected in the environment and animal tissues. Often these chemicals are associated with latent effects following early-life exposures, following the developmental origin of health and disease paradigm. We investigated the long-term effects of a human relevant mixture of 29 POPs on adult zebrafish following a developmental exposure, in addition to a single PFOS exposure for comparison, as it was the compound with the highest concentration within the mixture. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 96 h post fertilization to x10 and x70 the level of POP mixture or PFOS (0.55 and 3.83 μM) found in human blood before being transferred to clean water. We measured growth, swimming performance, and reproductive output at different life stages. In addition, we assessed anxiety behavior of the adults and their offspring, as well as performing a transcriptomic analysis on the adult zebrafish brain, as the POP mixture and PFOS concentrations used are known to affect larval behavior. Exposure to POP mixture and PFOS reduced swimming performance and increased length and weight, compared to controls. No effect of developmental exposure was observed on reproductive output or anxiety behavior. Additionally, RNA-seq did not reveal pathways related to anxiety although pathways related to synapse biology were affected at the x10 PFOS level. Furthermore, pathway analysis of the brain transcriptome of adults exposed as larvae to the low concentration of PFOS revealed enrichment in pathways such as calcium, MAPK, and GABA signaling, all of which are important for learning and memory. Based on our results we can conclude that some effects on the endpoints measured were apparent, but if these effects lead to adversities at population levels remains elusive.
Keywords	Danio rerio ; adults ; anxiety ; blood ; body weight ; brain ; calcium ; humans ; larvae ; memory ; progeny ; reproductive performance ; sequence analysis ; toxicology ; transcriptome ; transcriptomics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105882
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Developmental exposure to a POPs mixture or PFOS increased body weight and reduced swimming ability but had no effect on reproduction or behavior in zebrafish adults.

Christou, Maria / Ropstad, Erik / Brown, Stephen / Kamstra, Jorke H / Fraser, Thomas W K

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2021 Volume 237, Page(s) 105882

Abstract	Complex mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are regularly detected in the environment and animal tissues. Often these chemicals are associated with latent effects following early-life exposures, following the developmental origin of health and disease paradigm. We investigated the long-term effects of a human relevant mixture of 29 POPs on adult zebrafish following a developmental exposure, in addition to a single PFOS exposure for comparison, as it was the compound with the highest concentration within the mixture. Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 96 h post fertilization to x10 and x70 the level of POP mixture or PFOS (0.55 and 3.83 μM) found in human blood before being transferred to clean water. We measured growth, swimming performance, and reproductive output at different life stages. In addition, we assessed anxiety behavior of the adults and their offspring, as well as performing a transcriptomic analysis on the adult zebrafish brain, as the POP mixture and PFOS concentrations used are known to affect larval behavior. Exposure to POP mixture and PFOS reduced swimming performance and increased length and weight, compared to controls. No effect of developmental exposure was observed on reproductive output or anxiety behavior. Additionally, RNA-seq did not reveal pathways related to anxiety although pathways related to synapse biology were affected at the x10 PFOS level. Furthermore, pathway analysis of the brain transcriptome of adults exposed as larvae to the low concentration of PFOS revealed enrichment in pathways such as calcium, MAPK, and GABA signaling, all of which are important for learning and memory. Based on our results we can conclude that some effects on the endpoints measured were apparent, but if these effects lead to adversities at population levels remains elusive.
MeSH term(s)	Alkanesulfonic Acids/toxicity ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons/toxicity ; Humans ; Reproduction ; Swimming ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105882
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Article ; Online: RABIES IN ARCTIC FOX (VULPES LAGOPUS) AND REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS) DURING AN OUTBREAK ON SVALBARD, NORWAY, 2011-12.

Ørpetveit, Irene / Reiten, Malin Rokseth / Benestad, Sylvie L / Ropstad, Erik / Strandbygaard, Bertel / Madslien, Knut / Stokke, Espen / Ytrehus, Bjørnar

Journal of wildlife diseases

2022 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 550–561

Abstract	Rabies is an important zoonotic disease with high fatality rates in animals and humans. In the Arctic, the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is regarded as the principal reservoir, but there is considerable debate about how the disease persists at the low population densities that are typical for this species. We describe an outbreak of rabies among Arctic foxes and Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) during 2011-12 on the remote Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, an area with a very low and relatively stable Arctic fox density. The aim of the research was to increase knowledge of Arctic rabies in this ecosystem and in the presumed spillover host, the Svalbard reindeer. Phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus (RABV) RNA isolates from Arctic fox and reindeer was performed, and clinical observations and histologic and immunohistochemical findings in reindeer were described. An ongoing capture-mark-recapture project allowed collection of serum samples from clinically healthy reindeer from the affected population for detection of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. The outbreak was caused by at least two different variants belonging to the RABV Arctic-2 and Arctic-3 clades, which suggests that rabies was introduced to Svalbard on at least two different occasions. The RABV variants found in Arctic fox and reindeer were similar within locations, suggesting that Arctic foxes and reindeer acquired the infection from the same source(s). The histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 10 reindeer were consistent with descriptions in other species infected with RABV of non-Arctic lineages. Evidence of RABV was detected in both brain and salivary gland samples. None of 158 examined serum samples from clinically healthy reindeer had virus-neutralizing antibodies against RABV.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Arctic Regions ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Foxes ; Humans ; Norway/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Rabies/epidemiology ; Rabies/veterinary ; Rabies virus ; Reindeer ; Svalbard
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410709-3
ISSN	1943-3700 ; 0090-3558
ISSN (online)	1943-3700
ISSN	0090-3558
DOI	10.7589/JWD-D-21-00112
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: DMSO effects larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, with additive and interaction effects when combined with positive controls.

Christou, Maria / Kavaliauskis, Arturas / Ropstad, Erik / Fraser, Thomas William Kenneth

The Science of the total environment

2019 Volume 709, Page(s) 134490

Abstract: Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior is commonly used to identify neurotoxic compounds. Here, we investigated whether sub-lethal exposures to the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.01-1%) and methanol (MeOH, 0.01-1%), or the ... ...

Abstract	Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior is commonly used to identify neurotoxic compounds. Here, we investigated whether sub-lethal exposures to the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.01-1%) and methanol (MeOH, 0.01-1%), or the anti-fungal agent methylene blue (MB, 0.0001-0.0005%), can influence larval behavior in a simple light/dark paradigm conducted in 96-well plates. In addition, we tested whether the media volume within the behavioral arena or the zebrafish strain, AB wild type, AB Tübingen (AB/TU), or Tüpfel long-fin (TL), could also influence larval behavior. Following the single exposures, we co-exposed larvae to DMSO and either MB or two other compounds with known behavioral effects in larval zebrafish, flutamide and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). We found ≥0.55% DMSO and 0.0005% MB significantly affected larval behavior, but there was no effect of MeOH. Similarly, TL showed less movement compared to AB and AB/TU strains, whereas lower media volumes also significantly reduced larval movement. However, all strains responded similarly to DMSO and MB. In the co-exposure studies, we found either additive or interaction effects between DMSO and either MB, flutamide, or PFOS, depending on the behavioral endpoint measured. In addition, media volume had no effect on the DMSO concentration response curve, but again we observed additive effects on behavior. In conclusion, methodology can lead to alterations in baseline locomotor activity and compounds can have additive or interaction effects on behavioral endpoints. However, we found no evidence that strain effects should be a concern when deciding on solvents for a simple light/dark behavioral test in larval zebrafish.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Larva ; Locomotion ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Dimethyl Sulfoxide (YOW8V9698H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134490
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Article: DMSO effects larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, with additive and interaction effects when combined with positive controls

Christou, Maria / Fraser, Thomas William Kenneth / Kavaliauskis, Arturas / Ropstad, Erik

Science of the total environment. 2020 Mar. 20, v. 709

2020

Abstract	Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior is commonly used to identify neurotoxic compounds. Here, we investigated whether sub-lethal exposures to the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.01–1%) and methanol (MeOH, 0.01–1%), or the anti-fungal agent methylene blue (MB, 0.0001–0.0005%), can influence larval behavior in a simple light/dark paradigm conducted in 96-well plates. In addition, we tested whether the media volume within the behavioral arena or the zebrafish strain, AB wild type, AB Tübingen (AB/TU), or Tüpfel long-fin (TL), could also influence larval behavior. Following the single exposures, we co-exposed larvae to DMSO and either MB or two other compounds with known behavioral effects in larval zebrafish, flutamide and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). We found ≥0.55% DMSO and 0.0005% MB significantly affected larval behavior, but there was no effect of MeOH. Similarly, TL showed less movement compared to AB and AB/TU strains, whereas lower media volumes also significantly reduced larval movement. However, all strains responded similarly to DMSO and MB. In the co-exposure studies, we found either additive or interaction effects between DMSO and either MB, flutamide, or PFOS, depending on the behavioral endpoint measured. In addition, media volume had no effect on the DMSO concentration response curve, but again we observed additive effects on behavior. In conclusion, methodology can lead to alterations in baseline locomotor activity and compounds can have additive or interaction effects on behavioral endpoints. However, we found no evidence that strain effects should be a concern when deciding on solvents for a simple light/dark behavioral test in larval zebrafish.
Keywords	additive effect ; antifungal agents ; Danio rerio ; dimethyl sulfoxide ; fish larvae ; locomotion ; methanol ; methylene blue ; neurotoxins ; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; solvents ; sulfonic acids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0320
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134490
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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