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  1. Article ; Online: Development of a Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-Based Portable Sensor for the Voltammetric Analysis of the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Ethambutol

    Rosa A. S. Couto / Maria Beatriz Quinaz

    Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 7, p

    2016  Volume 1015

    Abstract: Herein we describe the development, characterization and application of an electrochemical sensor based on the use of Nafion/MWCNT-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the voltammetric detection of the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug ... ...

    Abstract Herein we describe the development, characterization and application of an electrochemical sensor based on the use of Nafion/MWCNT-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the voltammetric detection of the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug ethambutol (ETB). The electrochemical behaviour of the drug at the surface of the developed Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the modified surface of the electrodes. Results showed that, compared to both unmodified and MWCNTs-modified SPCEs, negatively charged Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs remarkably enhanced the electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for ETB due to the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction between cationic ETB molecules and negatively charged Nafion polymer and the inherent electrocatalytic properties of both MWCNTs and Nafion. Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs provided excellent biocompatibility, good electrical conductivity, low electrochemical interferences and a high signal-to-noise ratio, providing excellent performance towards ETB quantification in microvolumes of human urine and human blood serum samples. The outcomes of this paper confirm that the Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-based device could be a potential candidate for the development of a low-cost, yet reliable and efficient electrochemical portable sensor for the low-level detection of this antimycobacterial drug in biological samples.
    Keywords carbon nanotube ; electrochemistry ; ethambutol ; pharmaceutical analysis ; screen-printed electrode ; sensor ; tuberculosis ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Technology ; T ; Analytical chemistry ; QD71-142 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185
    Subject code 600
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Versatile Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Bacteria

    Kuss, Sabine / Rosa A. S. Couto / Rhiannon M. Evans / Hayley Lavender / Christoph C. Tang / Richard G. Compton

    Analytical chemistry. 2019 Feb. 27, v. 91, no. 7

    2019  

    Abstract: Bacterial infections present one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, resulting in an urgent need for sensitive, selective, cost-efficient, and easy-to-handle technologies to rapidly detect contaminations and infections with pathogens. The ... ...

    Abstract Bacterial infections present one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, resulting in an urgent need for sensitive, selective, cost-efficient, and easy-to-handle technologies to rapidly detect contaminations and infections with pathogens. The presented research reports a fully functional chemical-detection principle, addressing all of the above-mentioned requirements for a successful biosensing device. With the examples of Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrheae, we present an electrochemical biosensor based on the bacterial expression of cytochrome c oxidase for the selective detection of clinically relevant concentrations within seconds after pathogen immobilization. The generality of the biochemical reaction, as well as the easy substitution of target-specific antibodies make this concept applicable to a large number of different pathogenic bacteria. The successful transfer of this semidirect detection principle onto inexpensive, screen-printed electrodes for portable devices represents a potential major advance in the field of biosensor development.
    Keywords Escherichia coli ; Neisseria ; antibodies ; bacteria ; bacterial infections ; biosensors ; cost effectiveness ; cytochrome-c oxidase ; electrochemistry ; electrodes ; mortality ; pathogens ; portable equipment ; virulent strains
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0227
    Size p. 4317-4322.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1508-8
    ISSN 1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
    ISSN (online) 1520-6882
    ISSN 0003-2700
    DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00326
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Sensing Based on Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

    Rosa A. S. Couto / Constantino Coelho / Bassim Mounssef / Sara F. de A. Morais / Camila D. Lima / Wallans T. P. dos Santos / Félix Carvalho / Cecília M. P. Rodrigues / Ataualpa A. C. Braga / Luís Moreira Gonçalves / M. Beatriz Quinaz

    Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2, p

    2021  Volume 353

    Abstract: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a harmful and controlled synthetic cathinone used as a psychostimulant drug and as sport-enhancing substance. A sensor was developed for the direct analysis of MDPV by transducing its oxidation signal by means of ... ...

    Abstract 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a harmful and controlled synthetic cathinone used as a psychostimulant drug and as sport-enhancing substance. A sensor was developed for the direct analysis of MDPV by transducing its oxidation signal by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (e-MIP) built in-situ on the screen-printed carbon electrode’s (SPCE) surface previously covered with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Benzene-1,2-diamine was used as the functional monomer while the analyte was used as the template monomer. Each step of the sensor’s development was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a solution containing ferricyanide, however no redox probe was required for the actual MDPV measurements. The interaction between the poly( o -phenylenediamine) imprinted polymer and MDPV was studied by density-functional theory (DFT) methods. The SPCE-MWCNT-AgNP-MIP sensor responded adequately to the variation of MDPV concentration. It was shown that AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical signal by around a 3-fold factor. Making use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) the developed sensor provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μmol L –1 . The analytical performance of the proposed sensor paves the way to the development of a portable device for MDPV on-site sensing to be applied in forensic and doping analysis.
    Keywords analytical chemistry ; ‘bath salts’ ; biomimetics ; drug analysis ; electropolymerization ; electroanalysis ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region

    Juanita A. Haagsma / Periklis Charalampous / Filippo Ariani / Anne Gallay / Kim Moesgaard Iburg / Evangelia Nena / Che Henry Ngwa / Alexander Rommel / Ausra Zelviene / Kedir Hussein Abegaz / Hanadi Al Hamad / Luciana Albano / Catalina Liliana Andrei / Tudorel Andrei / Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo / Olatunde Aremu / Ashokan Arumugam / Alok Atreya / Avinash Aujayeb /
    Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos / Luchuo Engelbert Bain / Maciej Banach / Till Winfried Bärnighausen / Francesco Barone-Adesi / Massimiliano Beghi / Derrick A. Bennett / Akshaya S. Bhagavathula / Félix Carvalho / Giulio Castelpietra / Ledda Caterina / Joht Singh Chandan / Rosa A. S. Couto / Natália Cruz-Martins / Giovanni Damiani / Anna Dastiridou / Andreas K. Demetriades / Diana Dias-da-Silva / Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe / Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad / Eduarda Fernandes / Pietro Ferrara / Florian Fischer / Urbano Fra.Paleo / Silvia Ghirini / James C. Glasbey / Ionela-Roxana Glavan / Nelson G. M. Gomes / Michal Grivna / Netanja I. Harlianto / Josep Maria Haro

    Archives of Public Health, Vol 80, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

    2022  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2019 results on injuries in 44 European countries from 2000 to 2019. Inequality in DALY rates between these countries was assessed by calculating the DALY rate ratio between the highest-ranking country and lowest-ranking country in each year. Results In 2019, in Eastern Europe 80 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 71 to 89] people per 100,000 died from injuries; twice as high compared to Central Europe (38 injury deaths per 100,000; 95% UI 34 to 42) and three times as high compared to Western Europe (27 injury deaths per 100,000; 95%UI 25 to 28). The injury DALY rates showed less pronounced differences between Eastern (5129 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 4547 to 5864), Central (2940 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 2452 to 3546) and Western Europe (1782 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 1523 to 2115). Injury DALY rate was lowest in Italy (1489 DALYs per 100,000) and highest in Ukraine (5553 DALYs per 100,000). The difference in injury DALY rates by country was larger for males compared to females. The DALY rate ratio was highest in 2005, with DALY rate in the lowest-ranking country (Russian Federation) 6.0 times higher compared to the highest-ranking country (Malta). After 2005, the DALY rate ratio between the lowest- and the highest-ranking country gradually decreased to ...
    Keywords Burden of disease ; Injuries ; Disability adjusted life years ; Mortality ; Europe ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019

    Giulio Castelpietra / Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen / Emilie E. Agardh / Benedetta Armocida / Massimiliano Beghi / Kim Moesgaard Iburg / Giancarlo Logroscino / Rui Ma / Fabrizio Starace / Nicholas Steel / Giovanni Addolorato / Catalina Liliana Andrei / Tudorel Andrei / Jose L Ayuso-Mateos / Maciej Banach / Till Winfried Bärnighausen / Francesco Barone-Adesi / Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula / Felix Carvalho /
    Márcia Carvalho / Joht Singh Chandan / Vijay Kumar Chattu / Rosa A.S. Couto / Natália Cruz-Martins / Paul I. Dargan / Keshab Deuba / Diana Dias da Silva / Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe / Eduarda Fernandes / Pietro Ferrara / Florian Fischer / Peter Andras Gaal / Alessandro Gialluisi / Juanita A. Haagsma / Josep Maria Haro / M. Tasdik Hasan / Syed Shahzad Hasan / Sorin Hostiuc / Licia Iacoviello / Ivo Iavicoli / Elham Jamshidi / Jost B. Jonas / Tamas Joo / Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak / Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi / Joonas H. Kauppila / Moien A.B. Khan / Adnan Kisa / Sezer Kisa / Mika Kivimäki

    The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 16, Iss , Pp 100341- (2022)

    Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

    2022  

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
    Keywords Young people ; Mental health ; Mental disorders ; Self-harm ; Substance use ; Europe ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050

    Emma Nichols / Jaimie D Steinmetz / Stein Emil Vollset / Kai Fukutaki / Julian Chalek / Foad Abd-Allah / Amir Abdoli / Ahmed Abualhasan / Eman Abu-Gharbieh / Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram / Hanadi Al Hamad / Fares Alahdab / Fahad Mashhour Alanezi / Vahid Alipour / Sami Almustanyir / Hubert Amu / Iman Ansari / Jalal Arabloo / Tahira Ashraf /
    Thomas Astell-Burt / Getinet Ayano / Jose L Ayuso-Mateos / Atif Amin Baig / Anthony Barnett / Amadou Barrow / Bernhard T Baune / Yannick Béjot / Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe / Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih / Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula / Sonu Bhaskar / Krittika Bhattacharyya / Ali Bijani / Atanu Biswas / Srinivasa Rao Bolla / Archith Boloor / Carol Brayne / Hermann Brenner / Katrin Burkart / Richard A Burns / Luis Alberto Cámera / Chao Cao / Felix Carvalho / Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo / Ferrán Catalá-López / Ester Cerin / Prachi P Chavan / Nicolas Cherbuin / Dinh-Toi Chu / Vera Marisa Costa / Rosa A S Couto / Omid Dadras / Xiaochen Dai / Lalit Dandona / Rakhi Dandona / Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora / Deepak Dhamnetiya / Diana Dias da Silva / Daniel Diaz / Abdel Douiri / David Edvardsson / Michael Ekholuenetale / Iman El Sayed / Shaimaa I El-Jaafary / Khalil Eskandari / Sharareh Eskandarieh / Saman Esmaeilnejad / Jawad Fares / Andre Faro / Umar Farooque / Valery L Feigin / Xiaoqi Feng / Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad / Eduarda Fernandes / Pietro Ferrara / Irina Filip / Howard Fillit / Florian Fischer / Shilpa Gaidhane / Lucia Galluzzo / Ahmad Ghashghaee / Nermin Ghith / Alessandro Gialluisi / Syed Amir Gilani / Ionela-Roxana Glavan / Elena V Gnedovskaya / Mahaveer Golechha / Rajeev Gupta / Veer Bala Gupta / Vivek Kumar Gupta / Mohammad Rifat Haider / Brian J Hall / Samer Hamidi / Asif Hanif / Graeme J Hankey / Shafiul Haque / Risky Kusuma Hartono / Ahmed I Hasaballah / M Tasdik Hasan / Amr Hassan / Simon I Hay / Khezar Hayat / Mohamed I Hegazy / Golnaz Heidari / Reza Heidari-Soureshjani / Claudiu Herteliu / Mowafa Househ / Rabia Hussain / Bing-Fang Hwang / Licia Iacoviello / Ivo Iavicoli / Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi / Irena M Ilic / Milena D Ilic / Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani / Hiroyasu Iso / Masao Iwagami / Roxana Jabbarinejad / Louis Jacob / Vardhmaan Jain / Sathish Kumar Jayapal / Ranil Jayawardena / Ravi Prakash Jha / Jost B Jonas / Nitin Joseph / Rizwan Kalani / Amit Kandel / Himal Kandel / André Karch / Ayele Semachew Kasa / Gizat M Kassie / Pedram Keshavarz / Moien AB Khan / Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib / Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja / Jagdish Khubchandani / Min Seo Kim / Yun Jin Kim / Adnan Kisa / Sezer Kisa / Mika Kivimäki / Walter J Koroshetz / Ai Koyanagi / G Anil Kumar / Manasi Kumar / Hassan Mehmood Lak / Matilde Leonardi / Bingyu Li / Stephen S Lim / Xuefeng Liu / Yuewei Liu / Giancarlo Logroscino / Stefan Lorkowski / Giancarlo Lucchetti / Ricardo Lutzky Saute / Francesca Giulia Magnani / Ahmad Azam Malik / João Massano / Man Mohan Mehndiratta / Ritesh G Menezes / Atte Meretoja / Bahram Mohajer / Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim / Yousef Mohammad / Arif Mohammed / Ali H Mokdad / Stefania Mondello / Mohammad Ali Ali Moni / Md Moniruzzaman / Tilahun Belete Mossie / Gabriele Nagel / Muhammad Naveed / Vinod C Nayak / Sandhya Neupane Kandel / Trang Huyen Nguyen / Bogdan Oancea / Nikita Otstavnov / Stanislav S Otstavnov / Mayowa O Owolabi / Songhomitra Panda-Jonas / Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan / Maja Pasovic / Urvish K Patel / Mona Pathak / Mario F P Peres / Arokiasamy Perianayagam / Carrie B Peterson / Michael R Phillips / Marina Pinheiro / Michael A Piradov / Constance Dimity Pond / Michele H Potashman / Faheem Hyder Pottoo / Sergio I Prada / Amir Radfar / Alberto Raggi / Fakher Rahim / Mosiur Rahman / Pradhum Ram / Priyanga Ranasinghe / David Laith Rawaf / Salman Rawaf / Nima Rezaei / Aziz Rezapour / Stephen R Robinson / Michele Romoli / Gholamreza Roshandel / Ramesh Sahathevan / Amirhossein Sahebkar / Mohammad Ali Sahraian / Brijesh Sathian / Davide Sattin / Monika Sawhney / Mete Saylan / Silvia Schiavolin / Allen Seylani / Feng Sha / Masood Ali Shaikh / KS Shaji / Mohammed Shannawaz / Jeevan K Shetty / Mika Shigematsu / Jae Il Shin / Rahman Shiri / Diego Augusto Santos Silva / João Pedro Silva / Renata Silva / Jasvinder A Singh / Valentin Yurievich Skryabin / Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina / Amanda E Smith / Sergey Soshnikov / Emma Elizabeth Spurlock / Dan J Stein / Jing Sun / Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos / Bhaskar Thakur / Binod Timalsina / Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone / Bach Xuan Tran / Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye / Sahel Valadan Tahbaz / Pascual R Valdez / Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian / Vasily Vlassov / Giang Thu Vu / Linh Gia Vu / Yuan-Pang Wang / Anders Wimo / Andrea Sylvia Winkler / Lalit Yadav / Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari / Kazumasa Yamagishi / Lin Yang / Yuichiro Yano / Naohiro Yonemoto / Chuanhua Yu / Ismaeel Yunusa / Siddhesh Zadey / Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin / Anasthasia Zastrozhina / Zhi-Jiang Zhang / Christopher J L Murray / Theo Vos

    The Lancet Public Health, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp e105-e

    an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

    2022  Volume 125

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. Methods: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4–65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8–175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [–7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64–1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52–1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41–67]) and western Europe (74% [58–90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367% [329–403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323–395]). Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied by world region, with population growth contributing most to the increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation: Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gates Ventures.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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