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Article ; Online: Using place-based public engagement to improve social and environmental sustainability

Claire Collins / Rosalind F. Shaw / Jane Wills

Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100181- (2022)

Lessons from partnership working in Cornwall, UK

2022

Abstract: Public engagement with research and innovation is often inversely related to socio-economic status, with significant implications for realising positive solutions to pressing concerns, such as the biodiversity and climate crises. This paper reports on ... ...

Abstract	Public engagement with research and innovation is often inversely related to socio-economic status, with significant implications for realising positive solutions to pressing concerns, such as the biodiversity and climate crises. This paper reports on the use of place-based public workshops focusing on co-design of urban green spaces to understand: the extent to which public workshops can engage local people in relatively poor locations; the degree to which working with self-organised groups or newly-engaged publics impacts levels of engagement and outcomes; and how universities can play a role in developing locally relevant practical solutions to transdisciplinary issues such as the climate and biodiversity crises. We report on an action research project that involved facilitated co-design workshops in three towns in Cornwall, UK. The research methods included a survey of participants and follow up interviews with key stakeholders. We found that the workshops were successful in engaging local people, including those with less interest in the environment. Independent follow-on activities from aligned self-organised groups were greater than for newly engaged publics but this was partly dependent on the knowledge and skills of those involved. The role of the university as a neutral partner, in providing expertise and seed funding, was seen to be positive, with short-term timescales, communication and the ability to retain longer term involvement reported as hindrances to successful collaboration.
Keywords	Place-based public engagement ; Action research ; Public green space ; Nature-based solutions ; Community-university partnerships ; Cornwall (UK) ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Environmental protection ; TD169-171.8
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Socio‐psychological factors, beyond knowledge, predict people’s engagement in pollinator conservation

Jessica L. Knapp / Benjamin B. Phillips / Jen Clements / Rosalind F. Shaw / Juliet L. Osborne

People and Nature, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 204-

2021 Volume 220

Abstract: Abstract Nature conservation often depends on the behaviour of individuals, which can be driven by socio‐psychological factors such as a person's attitude, knowledge and identity. Despite extensive ecological research about pollinator declines, there has ...

Abstract	Abstract Nature conservation often depends on the behaviour of individuals, which can be driven by socio‐psychological factors such as a person's attitude, knowledge and identity. Despite extensive ecological research about pollinator declines, there has been almost no social research assessing the drivers of people's engagement in pollinator conservation. To address this gap, we used a large‐scale, online questionnaire in the United Kingdom, broadly framed around the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We received a total of 1,275 responses from a wide range of ages, incomes and education levels, despite a selection bias towards people with a pre‐existing interest in pollinators. A range of socio‐psychological factors predicted people's pollinator conservation actions and explained 45% of the variation. Respondents’ diversity of nature interactions and perceived behavioural control (feeling able to help pollinators) were consistently important predictors of people's pollinator conservation actions, whilst the importance of other socio‐psychological factors depended on the particular action. Notably, knowledge was far less important overall than people's perceptions and other socio‐psychological factors, highlighting a knowledge‐action gap. Further unexplained variation in people's behaviour could partly be due by structural and contextual factors, particularly regarding social norms around tidiness. From a practical perspective, our findings reveal three main insights. First, several simple, low‐cost pollinator conservation actions (reduced mowing, leaving areas unmown and creating patches of bare ground for ground‐nesting bees) are currently under‐utilised so should be priorities for pollinator conservation programmes. Second, strategies are needed to overcome reported practical barriers, for example by providing free resources (e.g. seeds of pollen‐ and nectar‐rich plants) and communicating simple beneficial actions that can be carried out with limited time, space and money. Third, knowledge is just one (relatively ...
Keywords	attitudes ; bees ; beliefs ; online questionnaire ; pollinator declines ; pro‐environmental behaviour ; Human ecology. Anthropogeography ; GF1-900 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Pollinator visitation to mass-flowering courgette and co-flowering wild flowers: Implications for pollination and bee conservation on farms

Knapp, Jessica L / Juliet L. Osborne / Rosalind F. Shaw

Basic and applied ecology. 2019 Feb., v. 34

2019

Abstract: Managing the complex relationship between pollinators and their habitat requirements is of particular concern to growers of pollinator-dependent crop species, such as courgette (Cucurbita pepo). Naturally occurring wild flowers (i.e. agricultural weeds) ... ...

Abstract	Managing the complex relationship between pollinators and their habitat requirements is of particular concern to growers of pollinator-dependent crop species, such as courgette (Cucurbita pepo). Naturally occurring wild flowers (i.e. agricultural weeds) offer a free, sustainable, and often underappreciated resource for pollinators, however, they may compete with crop flowers for visits. To understand the extent to which floral resources mediate pollinator visitation to courgette flowers and courgette fields, plant community and pollinator visitation data were collected at two spatial scales: field scale (in margins, and in the cropped area) and farm scale (500m and 2000m radii) for nine courgette fields across the UK. Apis mellifera (honeybees) and Bombus spp. (bumblebees) were the only pollinators observed to visit courgette flowers. Bumblebees were significantly more abundant on courgette flowers in fields with a greater species richness of wild flowers in the crop, whilst honeybees were significantly more abundant on courgette flowers in areas with less semi-natural habitat. For both honeybees and bumblebees, their abundance in field margins did not significantly reduce their abundance on courgette flowers, suggesting that wild flowers were not competing with courgette flowers for pollinator visitation. Although solitary bees were not observed to visit courgette flowers, their abundance and species richness in courgette fields were significantly greater with more semi-natural habitat and a greater species richness of wild flowers. Therefore, allowing uncultivated areas around the crop to be colonised by species-rich wild flowers is an effective way of boosting the abundance of bumblebees, which are important visitors to courgette flowers, as well as the abundance and species richness of solitary bees, thereby benefitting pollinator conservation.
Keywords	Apis mellifera ; Bombus ; crops ; Cucurbita pepo ; edge effects ; farms ; flowers ; growers ; habitats ; honey bees ; plant communities ; pollination ; pollinators ; solitary bees ; species richness ; weeds ; wild flowers ; zucchini ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-02
Size	p. 85-94.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2026806-3
ISSN	1439-1791
ISSN	1439-1791
DOI	10.1016/j.baae.2018.09.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Shared traits make flies and bees effective pollinators of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Phillips, Benjamin B / Aidan Williams / Juliet L. Osborne / Rosalind F. Shaw

Basic and applied ecology. 2018,

2018

Abstract: One of the major aims of pollination ecology has been to understand the role and relative importance of different pollinator species in both natural and agricultural systems. This study explores how the quantity of pollen delivered in a single visit to a ...

Abstract	One of the major aims of pollination ecology has been to understand the role and relative importance of different pollinator species in both natural and agricultural systems. This study explores how the quantity of pollen delivered in a single visit to a stigma (SVD) differs across insect species from a wide range of taxa (Orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera) and assesses the morphological and behavioural traits that lead to differences in pollen delivery. We used oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus L.), an economically important crop with open self-fertile flowers, as a test system. Behavioural traits and SVD were measured in the field for individuals of all frequent flower-visiting species of OSR. Individuals were collected and morphological traits were measured in the laboratory. The quantities of free pollen on different body parts of flower visitors, or ‘pollen load’, were also measured. Behavioural and morphological traits were then assessed as predictors of SVD. The individuals that delivered most pollen were (in order of greatest median number of pollen grains delivered): bumblebees (Bombus spp.), mining bees (Andrenidae) and honeybees (Apis mellifera). However, all but one family of flies tested delivered a significantly greater median number of pollen grains than the control, and most delivered more than sweat bees (Halictidae). Behavioural and morphological traits were important in determining pollen delivery, with greater body length, hairiness and visit duration all resulting in greater SVD. Pollen load was measured for a proportion of individuals and we found that for momentary flower visits, a greater quantity of pollen on the head of the flower visitor was linked to a greater SVD. This study demonstrates that, while bees are important pollinators in this system, many fly taxa are also effective at delivering pollen and this is linked to morphological and behavioural traits found in both groups.
Keywords	Andrena ; Apis mellifera ; body length ; Bombus ; Brassica napus ; Coleoptera ; Diptera ; ecology ; flowers ; Halictidae ; honey bees ; pollen ; pollen loads ; pollination ; pollinators ; stigma
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2026806-3
ISSN	1439-1791
ISSN	1439-1791
DOI	10.1016/j.baae.2018.06.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Insect pollination as an agronomic input: Strategies for oilseed rape production

Garratt, Michael P. D / Anmei Shi / Erika Degani / Jacob Bishop / Rosalind F. Shaw / Shovonlal Roy / Simon G. Potts

Journal of applied ecology. 2018 Nov., v. 55, no. 6

2018

Abstract: Ecological intensification involves the incorporation of biodiversity‐based ecosystem service management into farming systems in order to make crop production more sustainable and reduce reliance on anthropogenic inputs, including fertilizer and ... ...

Abstract	Ecological intensification involves the incorporation of biodiversity‐based ecosystem service management into farming systems in order to make crop production more sustainable and reduce reliance on anthropogenic inputs, including fertilizer and insecticides. The benefits of effectively managing ecosystem services such as pollination and pest regulation for improved yields have been demonstrated in a number of studies, however, recent evidence indicates that these benefits interact with conventional agronomic inputs such as fertilizer and irrigation. Despite the important contribution of biodiversity‐based ecosystem services to crop production their management is rarely considered in combination with more conventional agronomic inputs. This study combines a number of complementary approaches to evaluate the impact of insect pollination on yield parameters of Brassica napus and how this interacts with a key agronomic input, fertilizer. We incorporate data from a flight cage trial and multiple field studies to quantify the relationships between yield parameters to determine whether insufficient insect pollination may limit crop yield. We demonstrate that, by producing larger seeds and more pods, B. napus has the capacity to modulate investment across yield parameters and buffer sub‐optimal inputs of fertilizer or pollination. However, only when fertilizer is not limiting can the crop benefit from insect pollination, with yield increases due to insect pollination only seen under high fertilizer application. A nonlinear relationship between seed set per pod and yield per plant was found, with increases in seed set between 15 and 25 seeds per pod resulting in a consistent increase in crop yield. The capacity for the crop to compensate for lower seed set due to sub‐optimal pollination is therefore limited. Synthesis and applications. Oilseed rape has the capacity to compensate for sub‐optimal agronomic or ecosystem service inputs although this has limitations. Insect pollination can increase seed set and so there are production benefits to be gained through effective management of wild pollinators or by utilizing managed species. Our study demonstrates, however, that increased insect pollination cannot simply replace other inputs, and if resources such as fertilizer are limiting, then yield potential cannot be reached. We highlight the need to consider insect pollination as an agronomic input to be effectively managed in agricultural systems.
Keywords	Brassica napus ; cages ; crop yield ; ecosystem services ; farming systems ; fertilizer application ; fertilizers ; flight ; insect pollination ; insecticides ; irrigation ; pests ; pods ; pollinators ; seed set ; seeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-11
Size	p. 2834-2842.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410405-5
ISSN	1365-2664 ; 0021-8901
ISSN (online)	1365-2664
ISSN	0021-8901
DOI	10.1111/1365-2664.13153
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Enhancing the Biodiversity of Ditches in Intensively Managed UK Farmland.

Rosalind F Shaw / Paul J Johnson / David W Macdonald / Ruth E Feber

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e

2015 Volume 0138306

Abstract: Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and ... ...

Abstract	Drainage ditches, either seasonally flooded or permanent, are commonly found on intensively managed lowland farmland in the UK. They are potentially important for wetland biodiversity but, despite their ubiquity, information on their biodiversity and management in the wider countryside is scarce. We surveyed 175 ditches for their physical and chemical characteristics, spatial connectivity, plant communities and aquatic invertebrates in an area of intensively managed farmland in Oxfordshire, UK and collected information on ditch management from farmer interviews. Water depth and shade had a small impact on the diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in ditches. Increased shade over the ditch channel resulted in reduced taxonomic richness of both channel vegetation and aquatic invertebrates and channel vegetation cover was lower at shaded sites. Invertebrate taxonomic richness was higher when water was deeper. Spatial connectivity had no detectable impact on the aquatic invertebrate or plant communities found in ditches. The number of families within the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which contain many pollution-sensitive species, declined with decreasing pH of ditch water. As time since dredging increased, the number of EPT families increased in permanent ditches but decreased in temporary ditches. Whether or not a ditch was in an agri-environment scheme had little impact on the reported management regime or biodiversity value of the ditch. Measures for increasing the amount of water in ditches, by increasing the water depth or promoting retention of water in ditches, could increase the biodiversity value of ditches in agricultural land. Some temporary ditches for specialised species should be retained. Reducing the amount of shade over narrow ditches by managing adjacent hedgerows is also likely to increase the species diversity of plant and invertebrate communities within the ditch. We recommend that to preserve or enhance the biodiversity value of ditches, and improve their ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Drought reduces floral resources for pollinators

Phillips, Benjamin B / Ellen L. Fry / James M. Bullock / Juliet L. Osborne / Matthew J. Holland / Richard D. Bardgett / Rosalind F. Shaw

Global change biology. 2018 July, v. 24, no. 7

2018

Abstract: Climate change is predicted to result in increased occurrence and intensity of drought in many regions worldwide. By increasing plant physiological stress, drought is likely to affect the floral resources (flowers, nectar and pollen) that are available ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is predicted to result in increased occurrence and intensity of drought in many regions worldwide. By increasing plant physiological stress, drought is likely to affect the floral resources (flowers, nectar and pollen) that are available to pollinators. However, little is known about impacts of drought at the community level, nor whether plant community functional composition influences these impacts. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated the impacts of drought on floral resources in calcareous grassland. Drought was simulated using rain shelters and the impacts were explored at multiple scales and on four different experimental plant communities varying in functional trait composition. First, we investigated the effects of drought on nectar production of three common wildflower species (Lathyrus pratensis, Onobrychis viciifolia and Prunella vulgaris). In the drought treatment, L. pratensis and P. vulgaris had a lower proportion of flowers containing nectar and O. viciifolia had fewer flowers per raceme. Second, we measured the effects of drought on the diversity and abundance of floral resources across plant communities. Drought reduced the abundance of floral units for all plant communities, irrespective of functional composition, and reduced floral species richness for two of the communities. Functional diversity did not confer greater resistance to drought in terms of maintaining floral resources, probably because the effects of drought were ubiquitous across component plant communities. The findings indicate that drought has a substantial impact on the availability of floral resources in calcareous grassland, which will have consequences for pollinator behaviour and populations.
Keywords	chalk grasslands ; climate change ; drought ; flowers ; functional diversity ; Lathyrus pratensis ; nectar ; nectar secretion ; Onobrychis viciifolia ; plant communities ; pollen ; pollinators ; Prunella vulgaris ; racemes ; rain ; species diversity ; wild flowers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 3226-3235.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.14130
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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