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  1. Article ; Online: Advances in incretin-based therapeutics for obesity.

    Rosenkilde, Mette M

    Nature reviews. Endocrinology

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 67–68

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Incretins/therapeutic use ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Incretins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2489381-X
    ISSN 1759-5037 ; 1759-5029
    ISSN (online) 1759-5037
    ISSN 1759-5029
    DOI 10.1038/s41574-023-00938-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Therapeutic targeting of HCMV-encoded chemokine receptor US28: Progress and challenges.

    Berg, Christian / Rosenkilde, Mette M

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1135280

    Abstract: The pervasive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment using the current standard-of-care (SOC) is limited by severe toxic adverse effects and anti-viral resistance development. Furthermore, ... ...

    Abstract The pervasive human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment using the current standard-of-care (SOC) is limited by severe toxic adverse effects and anti-viral resistance development. Furthermore, they only affect HCMV in its lytic phase, meaning viral disease is not preventable as latent infection cannot be treated and the viral reservoirs persist. The viral chemokine receptor (vCKR) US28 encoded by HCMV has received much attention in recent years. This broad-spectrum receptor has proven to be a desirable target for development of novel therapeutics through exploitation of its ability to internalize and its role in maintaining latency. Importantly, it is expressed on the surface of infected cells during both lytic and latent infection. US28-targeting small molecules, single-domain antibodies, and fusion toxin proteins have been developed for different treatment strategies, e.g. forcing reactivation of latent virus or using internalization of US28 as a toxin shuttle to kill infected cells. These strategies show promise for providing ways to eliminate latent viral reservoirs and prevent HCMV disease in vulnerable patients. Here, we discuss the progress and challenges of targeting US28 to treat HCMV infection and its associated diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Latent Infection ; Receptors, Chemokine ; Receptors, Virus
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Chemokine ; Receptors, Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor's structure, function and role in biology-Status from the 10

    Rosenkilde, Mette M / Mathiasen, Signe

    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 4, Page(s) 281–285

    MeSH term(s) GTP-Binding Proteins ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Biology
    Chemical Substances GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2134679-3
    ISSN 1742-7843 ; 1742-7835
    ISSN (online) 1742-7843
    ISSN 1742-7835
    DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13936
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells - A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation.

    Mayendraraj, Ashok / Rosenkilde, Mette M / Gasbjerg, Lærke S

    Peptides

    2022  Volume 151, Page(s) 170749

    Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are two class B1 G protein-coupled receptors, which are stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP, respectively. In the pancreatic ... ...

    Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are two class B1 G protein-coupled receptors, which are stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP, respectively. In the pancreatic beta cells, activation of both receptors lead to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Marketed GLP-1R agonists such as dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide and semaglutide constitute an expanding drug class with beneficial effects for persons suffering from type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. In recent years another drug class, the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists, has emerged. Especially the peptide-based, co-agonist tirzepatide is a promising candidate for a better treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving glycemic control and weight reduction. The mechanism of action for tirzepatide include biased signaling of the GLP-1R as well as potent GIPR signaling. Since the implications of co-targeting these closely related receptors concomitantly are challenging to study in vivo, the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways of the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists in general, are not fully elucidated. In this review, we present the individual signaling pathways for GLP-1R and GIPR in the pancreatic beta cell with a focus on the shared signaling pathways of the two receptors and interpret the implications of GLP-1R-GIPR co-activation in the light of recent co-activating therapeutic compounds.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (59392-49-3) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (D6H00MV7K8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells – A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation

    Mayendraraj, Ashok / Rosenkilde, Mette M. / Gasbjerg, Lærke S.

    Peptides. 2022 May, v. 151

    2022  

    Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are two class B1 G protein-coupled receptors, which are stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP, respectively. In the pancreatic ... ...

    Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are two class B1 G protein-coupled receptors, which are stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP, respectively. In the pancreatic beta cells, activation of both receptors lead to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Marketed GLP-1R agonists such as dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide and semaglutide constitute an expanding drug class with beneficial effects for persons suffering from type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. In recent years another drug class, the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists, has emerged. Especially the peptide-based, co-agonist tirzepatide is a promising candidate for a better treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving glycemic control and weight reduction. The mechanism of action for tirzepatide include biased signaling of the GLP-1R as well as potent GIPR signaling. Since the implications of co-targeting these closely related receptors concomitantly are challenging to study in vivo, the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways of the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists in general, are not fully elucidated. In this review, we present the individual signaling pathways for GLP-1R and GIPR in the pancreatic beta cell with a focus on the shared signaling pathways of the two receptors and interpret the implications of GLP-1R-GIPR co-activation in the light of recent co-activating therapeutic compounds.
    Keywords cyclic AMP ; drugs ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptors ; gastrointestinal system ; glucagon-like peptide 1 ; glucagon-like peptide receptors ; glycemic control ; insulin secretion ; islets of Langerhans ; mechanism of action ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; obesity ; peptides ; pharmacodynamics ; therapeutics ; weight loss
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170749
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Long-acting agonists of human and rodent GLP-2 receptors for studies of the physiology and pharmacological potential of the GLP-2 system.

    Gadgaard, Sarina / Windeløv, Johanne A / Schiellerup, Sine P / Holst, Jens J / Hartmann, Bolette / Rosenkilde, Mette M

    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

    2023  Volume 160, Page(s) 114383

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is secreted postprandially from enteroendocrine Lcells and has anabolic action on gut and bone. Short-acting teduglutide is the only approved GLP-2 analog for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome ( ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is secreted postprandially from enteroendocrine Lcells and has anabolic action on gut and bone. Short-acting teduglutide is the only approved GLP-2 analog for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome (SBS). To improve the therapeutic effect, we created a series of lipidated GLP-2R agonists.
    Experimental approach: Six GLP-2 analogs were studied in vitro for cAMP accumulation, β-arrestin 1 and 2 recruitment, affinity, and internalization. The trophic actions on intestine and bone were examined in vivo in rodents.
    Key results: Lipidations at lysines introduced at position 12, 16, and 20 of hGLP-2(1-33) were well-tolerated with less than 2.2-fold impaired potency and full efficacy at the hGLP-2R in cAMP accumulation. In contrast, N- and C-terminal (His1 and Lys30) lipidations impaired potency by 4.2- and 45-fold and lowered efficacy to 77% and 85% of hGLP-2, respectively. All variants were similarly active on the rat and mouse GLP-2Rs and the three most active variants displayed increased selectivity for hGLP-2R over hGLP-1R activation, compared to native hGLP-2. Impact on arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization followed that of Gαs-coupling, except for lipidation in position 20, where internalization was more impaired, suggesting desensitization protection. A highly active variant (C16 at position 20) with low internalization and a half-life of 9.5 h in rats showed improved gut and bone tropism with increased weight of small intestine in mice and decreased CTX levels in rats.
    Conclusion and implication: We present novel hGLP-2 agonists suitable for in vivo studies of the GLP-2 system to uncover its pharmacological potential.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/pharmacology ; Rodentia ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
    Chemical Substances Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-11
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392415-4
    ISSN 1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    ISSN (online) 1950-6007
    ISSN 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114383
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Identification of a Salt Bridge That Is Functionally Important for Chemokine Receptor CXCR1 but not CXCR2.

    Våbenø, Jon / Oliva-Santiago, Marta / Jørgensen, Astrid S / Karlshøj, Stefanie / Rosenkilde, Mette M

    ACS pharmacology & translational science

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) 1120–1128

    Abstract: CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) have high sequence similarity and overlapping chemokine ligand profiles. Residue positions 3.32 and 7.39 are critical for signal transduction in the related CXCR4, and in these positions CXCR1 and CXCR2 ... ...

    Abstract CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) have high sequence similarity and overlapping chemokine ligand profiles. Residue positions 3.32 and 7.39 are critical for signal transduction in the related CXCR4, and in these positions CXCR1 and CXCR2 contain oppositely charged residues (Lys
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2575-9108
    ISSN (online) 2575-9108
    DOI 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The importance of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor activation for the effects of tirzepatide.

    Gasbjerg, Laerke S / Rosenkilde, Mette M / Meier, Juris J / Holst, Jens J / Knop, Filip K

    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 11, Page(s) 3079–3092

    Abstract: Tirzepatide is a unimolecular co-agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by the US Food and Drug Administration and the ... ...

    Abstract Tirzepatide is a unimolecular co-agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency. Tirzepatide treatment results in an unprecedented improvement of glycaemic control and lowering of body weight, but the contribution of the GIP receptor-activating component of tirzepatide to these effects is uncertain. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the physiological roles of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, their receptors, and previous results of co-targeting the two incretin hormone receptors in humans. We also analyse the molecular pharmacological, preclinical and clinical effects of tirzepatide to discuss the role of GIP receptor activation for the clinical effects of tirzepatide. Based on the available literature on the combination of GLP-1 and GIP receptor activation, tirzepatide does not seem to have a classical co-activating mode of action in humans. Rather, in vitro studies of the human GLP-1 and GIP receptors reveal a biased GLP-1 receptor activation profile and GIP receptor downregulation. Therefore, we propose three hypotheses for the mode of action of tirzepatide, which can be addressed in future, elaborate clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Incretins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Glucagon/therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/pharmacology ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/therapeutic use ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/physiology ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/therapeutic use ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances tirzepatide (OYN3CCI6QE) ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (D6H00MV7K8) ; Incretins ; Glucagon (9007-92-5) ; Blood Glucose ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (59392-49-3) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1454944-x
    ISSN 1463-1326 ; 1462-8902
    ISSN (online) 1463-1326
    ISSN 1462-8902
    DOI 10.1111/dom.15216
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Viral G Protein-Coupled Receptors Encoded by β- and γ-Herpesviruses.

    Rosenkilde, Mette M / Tsutsumi, Naotaka / Knerr, Julius M / Kildedal, Dagmar F / Garcia, K Christopher

    Annual review of virology

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 329–351

    Abstract: Herpesviruses are ancient large DNA viruses that have exploited gene capture as part of their strategy to escape immune surveillance, promote virus spreading, or reprogram host cells to benefit their survival. Most acquired genes are transmembrane ... ...

    Abstract Herpesviruses are ancient large DNA viruses that have exploited gene capture as part of their strategy to escape immune surveillance, promote virus spreading, or reprogram host cells to benefit their survival. Most acquired genes are transmembrane proteins and cytokines, such as viral G protein-coupled receptors (vGPCRs), chemokines, and chemokine-binding proteins. This review focuses on the vGPCRs encoded by the human β- and γ-herpesviruses. These include receptors from human cytomegalovirus, which encodes four vGPCRs: US27, US28, UL33, and UL78; human herpesvirus 6 and 7 with two receptors: U12 and U51; Epstein-Barr virus with one: BILF1; and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus with one: open reading frame 74, ORF74. We discuss ligand binding, signaling, and structures of the vGPCRs in light of robust differences from endogenous receptors. Finally, we briefly discuss the therapeutic targeting of vGPCRs as future treatment of acute and chronic herpesvirus infections.
    MeSH term(s) Chemokines/metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesviridae/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Receptors, Chemokine/genetics ; Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Chemokines ; Ligands ; Receptors, Chemokine ; Receptors, Virus ; U51 protein, human herpesvirus 6
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2764224-0
    ISSN 2327-0578 ; 2327-056X
    ISSN (online) 2327-0578
    ISSN 2327-056X
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-113942
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Re-routing GPR56 signalling using Gα

    Faas, Felix / Nørskov, Amalie / Holst, Peter J / Andersson, Anne-Marie / Qvortrup, Katrine / Mathiasen, Signe / Rosenkilde, Mette M

    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

    2023  Volume 133, Issue 4, Page(s) 378–389

    Abstract: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) constitute the second largest subclass of the GPCR superfamily. Although canonical GPCRs are explored pharmacologically as drug targets, no clinically approved drugs target the aGPCR family so far. The aGPCR ... ...

    Abstract Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) constitute the second largest subclass of the GPCR superfamily. Although canonical GPCRs are explored pharmacologically as drug targets, no clinically approved drugs target the aGPCR family so far. The aGPCR GPR56/ADGRG1 stands out as an especially promising target, given its direct link to the monogenetic disease bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria and implications in cancers. Key to understanding GPCR pharmacology has been mapping out intracellular signalling activity. Detection of GPCR signalling in the Gα
    MeSH term(s) Signal Transduction ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Peptides
    Chemical Substances Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2134679-3
    ISSN 1742-7843 ; 1742-7835
    ISSN (online) 1742-7843
    ISSN 1742-7835
    DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13935
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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