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  1. Article ; Online: Lifting the iron curtain of vision.

    Rosin, Boris / Sahel, Jose-Alain

    EMBO molecular medicine

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e17259

    Abstract: Ocular and specifically retinal toxicities of systemic medications are prevalent and encompass many disease modalities. For many of these pharmaceuticals, established follow-up protocols are in place to ensure timely detection and cessation of therapy. ... ...

    Abstract Ocular and specifically retinal toxicities of systemic medications are prevalent and encompass many disease modalities. For many of these pharmaceuticals, established follow-up protocols are in place to ensure timely detection and cessation of therapy. However, while for some disorders, cessation of therapy is a viable option due to existing treatment alternatives, for some others cessation of treatment can be life threatening and/or shorten the patient's life expectancy. Such is the case for iron chelating agents used in transfusion-dependent patients of Thalassemia, of which deferoxamine (DFO) is the most widely used. In their recent article in EMBO Molecular Medicine, Kong et al (2023) addressed the issue of DFO-induced retinal toxicity used both in vivo and in vitro techniques. Their study suggests a potentially protective role for α-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation against DFO toxicity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deferoxamine/therapeutic use ; Lifting ; Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use ; Thalassemia/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Deferoxamine (J06Y7MXW4D) ; Iron Chelating Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2467145-9
    ISSN 1757-4684 ; 1757-4676
    ISSN (online) 1757-4684
    ISSN 1757-4676
    DOI 10.15252/emmm.202217259
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Current Status of Clinical Trials Design and Outcomes in Retinal Gene Therapy.

    Rosin, Boris / Banin, Eyal / Sahel, Jose-Alain

    Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine

    2023  

    Abstract: With the rapid expansion of methods encompassed by the term gene therapy, new trials exploring the safety and efficacy of these methods are initiated more frequently. As a result, important questions arise pertaining the design of these trials and ... ...

    Abstract With the rapid expansion of methods encompassed by the term gene therapy, new trials exploring the safety and efficacy of these methods are initiated more frequently. As a result, important questions arise pertaining the design of these trials and patient participation. One of the most important aspects of any clinical trial is the ability to measure the trial's outcome in a manner that will reflect the effect of the treatment and allow its quantification, whether the trial is aimed at preservation or restoration of retinal cells (photoreceptors and others), vision, or both. Here we will review the existing methods for quantification of trial outcomes, stressing the importance of assessing the participant's visual function and not just visual acuity. We will also describe the key considerations in trial design. Finally, as patient safety remains the primary concern in any trial participation, we will outline the key principles in that regard.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2157-1422
    ISSN (online) 2157-1422
    DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a041301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Batch-balanced focal loss: a hybrid solution to class imbalance in deep learning.

    Singh, Jatin / Beeche, Cameron / Shi, Zhiyi / Beale, Oliver / Rosin, Boris / Leader, Joseph / Pu, Jiantao

    Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 51809

    Abstract: Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of an approach called batch-balanced focal loss (BBFL) in enhancing convolutional neural network (CNN) classification performance on imbalanced datasets.: Materials and methods: BBFL combines two strategies to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of an approach called batch-balanced focal loss (BBFL) in enhancing convolutional neural network (CNN) classification performance on imbalanced datasets.
    Materials and methods: BBFL combines two strategies to tackle class imbalance: (1) batch-balancing to equalize model learning of class samples and (2) focal loss to add hard-sample importance to the learning gradient. BBFL was validated on two imbalanced fundus image datasets: a binary retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) dataset (
    Results: In binary classification of RNFLD, BBFL with InceptionV3 (93.0% accuracy, 84.7% F1, 0.971 AUC) outperformed ROS (92.6% accuracy, 83.7% F1, 0.964 AUC), cost-sensitive learning (92.5% accuracy, 83.8% F1, 0.962 AUC), and thresholding (91.9% accuracy, 83.0% F1, 0.962 AUC) and others. In multiclass classification of glaucoma, BBFL with MobileNetV2 (79.7% accuracy, 69.6% average F1 score) outperformed ROS (76.8% accuracy, 64.7% F1), cost-sensitive learning (78.3% accuracy, 67.8.8% F1), and random undersampling (76.5% accuracy, 66.5% F1).
    Conclusion: The BBFL-based learning method can improve the performance of a CNN model in both binary and multiclass disease classification when the data are imbalanced.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2329-4302
    ISSN 2329-4302
    DOI 10.1117/1.JMI.10.5.051809
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Tuned to Tremor: Increased Sensitivity of Cortico-Basal Ganglia Neurons to Tremor Frequency in the MPTP Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease.

    Rahamim, Noa / Slovik, Maya / Mevorach, Tomer / Linkovski, Omer / Bergman, Hagai / Rosin, Boris / Eitan, Renana

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 45, Page(s) 7712–7722

    Abstract: Rest tremor is one of the most prominent clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that cortico-basal ganglia neurons tend to fire in a pattern that matches PD tremor frequency, suggesting a resonance phenomenon. We recorded ... ...

    Abstract Rest tremor is one of the most prominent clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that cortico-basal ganglia neurons tend to fire in a pattern that matches PD tremor frequency, suggesting a resonance phenomenon. We recorded spiking activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) and globus pallidus external segment of 2 female nonhuman primates, before and after parkinsonian state induction with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The arm of nonhuman primates was passively rotated at seven different frequencies surrounding and overlapping PD tremor frequency. We found entrainment of the spiking activity to arm rotation and a significant sharpening of the tuning curves in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine state, with a peak response at frequencies that matched the frequency of PD tremor. These results reveal increased sensitivity of the cortico-basal ganglia network to tremor frequency and could indicate that this network acts not only as a tremor switch but is involved in setting its frequency.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Parkinson Disease ; Tremor ; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology ; Basal Ganglia ; Globus Pallidus ; Neurons/physiology ; Primates
    Chemical Substances 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (9P21XSP91P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0529-23.2023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: An Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Measure as an Independent Estimate of Retinal Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

    Paez-Escamilla, Manuel / Alabek, Michelle L / Beale, Oliver / Prensky, Colin J / Lejoyeux, Raphael / Friberg, Thomas R / Sahel, Jose-Alain / Rosin, Boris

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 23

    Abstract: Background: With the clinical advances in the field of gene therapy, the development of objective measures of visual function of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) is of utmost importance. Here, we propose one such measure.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: With the clinical advances in the field of gene therapy, the development of objective measures of visual function of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) is of utmost importance. Here, we propose one such measure.
    Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a cohort of 194 eyes of 97 genetically diagnosed patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common IRD, followed at the UPMC Vision Institute. The analyzed data included the reflectivity ratio (RR) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to that of the entire retina, visual acuity (VA) and the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the RNFL.
    Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the RR and VA. Both VA and the RR were negatively correlated with disease duration; VA, but not the RR, was negatively correlated with age. The RR correlated with the ONL but not with the RNFL thickness or the intraocular pressure. Age, RR, disease duration and ONL thickness were found to be independent predictors of VA by multivariate analysis.
    Conclusion: The OCT RR could serve as an independent predictor of visual acuity, and by extension of retinal function, in genetically diagnosed RP patients. Such objective measures can be of great value in patient selection for therapeutic trials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics13233521
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  6. Article ; Online: CASE REPORT OF SEVERE PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH CONGENITAL LIPODYSTROPHY.

    Rosin, Boris / Jaouni, Tareq

    Retinal cases & brief reports

    2017  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–71

    Abstract: Purpose: A case report of a patient with severe proliferative retinopathy due to congenital lipodystrophy.: Methods: We reviewed the medical history, imaging, and surgical procedures of a 25-year-old woman with a history of congenital lipodystrophy, ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: A case report of a patient with severe proliferative retinopathy due to congenital lipodystrophy.
    Methods: We reviewed the medical history, imaging, and surgical procedures of a 25-year-old woman with a history of congenital lipodystrophy, presenting with bilateral combined tractional and exudative retinal detachment, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and extreme dislipidemia.
    Results: The patient underwent retinal detachment repair surgery both eyes. On the last follow-up, both retinae were flat, and visual acuity had improved in the right eye to J3 for near and finger counting 3 m for distance.
    Conclusion: Surgery combining pars plana vitrectomy and scleral bucking successfully flattened both retinae and significantly improved visual acuity in one eye in this case of bilateral retinal detachment with combined tractional and exudative components in a patient with congenital lipodystrophy. Surgical control of retinal complications is thus possible, provided there is adequate control of the underlying risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized/complications ; Retina/pathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy/methods ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/complications ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/diagnosis ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/surgery ; Vitreous Body/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1937-1578
    ISSN (online) 1937-1578
    DOI 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: How do the blind 'see'? The role of spontaneous brain activity in self-generated perception.

    Hahamy, Avital / Wilf, Meytal / Rosin, Boris / Behrmann, Marlene / Malach, Rafael

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2020  Volume 144, Issue 1, Page(s) 340–353

    Abstract: Spontaneous activity of the human brain has been well documented, but little is known about the functional role of this ubiquitous neural phenomenon. It has previously been hypothesized that spontaneous brain activity underlies unprompted (internally ... ...

    Abstract Spontaneous activity of the human brain has been well documented, but little is known about the functional role of this ubiquitous neural phenomenon. It has previously been hypothesized that spontaneous brain activity underlies unprompted (internally generated) behaviour. We tested whether spontaneous brain activity might underlie internally-generated vision by studying the cortical visual system of five blind/visually-impaired individuals who experience vivid visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome). Neural populations in the visual system of these individuals are deprived of external input, which may lead to their hyper-sensitization to spontaneous activity fluctuations. To test whether these spontaneous fluctuations can subserve visual hallucinations, the functional MRI brain activity of participants with Charles Bonnet syndrome obtained while they reported their hallucinations (spontaneous internally-generated vision) was compared to the: (i) brain activity evoked by veridical vision (externally-triggered vision) in sighted controls who were presented with a visual simulation of the hallucinatory streams; and (ii) brain activity of non-hallucinating blind controls during visual imagery (cued internally-generated vision). All conditions showed activity spanning large portions of the visual system. However, only the hallucination condition in the Charles Bonnet syndrome participants demonstrated unique temporal dynamics, characterized by a slow build-up of neural activity prior to the reported onset of hallucinations. This build-up was most pronounced in early visual cortex and then decayed along the visual hierarchy. These results suggest that, in the absence of external visual input, a build-up of spontaneous fluctuations in early visual cortex may activate the visual hierarchy, thereby triggering the experience of vision.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Blindness/complications ; Blindness/physiopathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Charles Bonnet Syndrome/complications ; Charles Bonnet Syndrome/physiopathology ; Female ; Hallucinations/physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Visual Perception/physiology ; Visually Impaired Persons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awaa384
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Autoimmune retinopathy: clinical, electrophysiological, and immunological features in nine patients with long-term follow-up.

    Safadi, Khaled / Chowers, Itay / Banin, Eyal / Rosin, Boris / Tiosano, Liran / Amer, Radgonde

    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

    2021  Volume 260, Issue 3, Page(s) 975–991

    Abstract: Purpose: We aim to report on the clinical, imaging, immunological, and electrophysiological features of patients with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) with long-term follow-up.: Methods: Single-center, retrospective study of a consecutive group of AIR ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: We aim to report on the clinical, imaging, immunological, and electrophysiological features of patients with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) with long-term follow-up.
    Methods: Single-center, retrospective study of a consecutive group of AIR patients treated in a tertiary academic medical center.
    Results: Included were nine patients with a mean ± SD age at presentation of 65 ± 13 years and a median follow-up of 63 months (range 18-120). Five patients were known to have cancer. Median interval between onset of ocular symptoms and diagnosis of AIR was 36 months. Mean baseline and final LogMAR visual acuity were 0.72 ± 0.9 and 1.1 ± 1.2, respectively (p = 0.17). The most common funduscopic findings included optic atrophy and bone-spicule-like pigmentation. Thinning of the nerve fiber layer was the most frequent optical coherence tomographic abnormality. Electroretinographic (ERG) recordings demonstrated variably reduced cone- and rod-derived amplitudes in the majority of eyes at presentation. The most commonly detected anti-retinal antibody was anti-α-enolase. Treatment included immunomodulatory therapy and plasmapheresis. ERG tests showed stability in 64% of eyes throughout the treatment period.
    Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion of AIR, particularly in late middle-aged and elderly patients with "unexplained" visual loss, in light of the non-specific posterior segment signs and the inconsistency of the routinely used ancillary tests.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Electroretinography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 8435-9
    ISSN 1435-702X ; 0721-832X
    ISSN (online) 1435-702X
    ISSN 0721-832X
    DOI 10.1007/s00417-021-05409-4
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  9. Article ; Online: Surface Modification by Nano-Structures Reduces Viable Bacterial Biofilm in Aerobic and Anaerobic Environments.

    Ya'ari, Sarah / Halperin-Sternfeld, Michal / Rosin, Boris / Adler-Abramovich, Lihi

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 19

    Abstract: Bacterial biofilm formation on wet surfaces represents a significant problem in medicine and environmental sciences. One of the strategies to prevent or eliminate surface adhesion of organisms is surface modification and coating. However, the current ... ...

    Abstract Bacterial biofilm formation on wet surfaces represents a significant problem in medicine and environmental sciences. One of the strategies to prevent or eliminate surface adhesion of organisms is surface modification and coating. However, the current coating technologies possess several drawbacks, including limited durability, low biocompatibility and high cost. Here, we present a simple antibacterial modification of titanium, mica and glass surfaces using self-assembling nano-structures. We have designed two different nano-structure coatings composed of fluorinated phenylalanine via the drop-cast coating technique. We investigated and characterized the modified surfaces by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and wettability analyses. Exploiting the antimicrobial property of the nano-structures, we successfully hindered the viability of
    MeSH term(s) Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects ; Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism ; Enterococcus faecalis/physiology ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives ; Phenylalanine/chemistry ; Streptococcus mutans/drug effects ; Streptococcus mutans/metabolism ; Streptococcus mutans/physiology ; Surface Properties
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Phenylalanine (47E5O17Y3R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms21197370
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  10. Article ; Online: Ocular Siderosis Subsequent to a Missed Pars Plana Metallic Foreign Body that Masqueraded as Refractory Intermediate Uveitis.

    Politis, Michael / Rosin, Boris / Amer, Radgonde

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2016  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 598–600

    MeSH term(s) Diagnosis, Differential ; Eye Diseases/diagnosis ; Eye Diseases/etiology ; Eye Diseases/surgery ; Eye Foreign Bodies/complications ; Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis ; Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Siderosis/diagnosis ; Siderosis/etiology ; Siderosis/surgery ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonography ; Uveitis, Intermediate/diagnosis ; Vitrectomy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2016.1240206
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