LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 166

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Generation of Mammalian Astrocyte Functional Heterogeneity.

    Bartels, Theresa / Rowitch, David H / Bayraktar, Omer Ali

    Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Mammalian astrocytes have regional roles within the brain parenchyma. Indeed, the notion that astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous could help explain how the central nervous system (CNS) retains embryonic positional information through development ... ...

    Abstract Mammalian astrocytes have regional roles within the brain parenchyma. Indeed, the notion that astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous could help explain how the central nervous system (CNS) retains embryonic positional information through development into specialized regions into adulthood. A growing body of evidence supports the concept of morphological and molecular differences between astrocytes in different brain regions, which might relate to their derivation from regionally patterned radial glia and/or local neuron inductive cues. Here, we review evidence for regionally encoded functions of astrocytes to provide an integrated concept on lineage origins and heterogeneity to understand regional brain organization, as well as emerging technologies to identify and further investigate novel roles for astrocytes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1943-0264
    ISSN (online) 1943-0264
    DOI 10.1101/cshperspect.a041351
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Astrocytes: The Final Frontier….

    Kelley, Kevin W / Rowitch, David H

    Neuron

    2016  Volume 89, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

    Abstract: In this issue of Neuron, Zhang et al. (2016) develop a novel approach to generate populations of human astrocytes to uncover their uniquely human traits. ...

    Abstract In this issue of Neuron, Zhang et al. (2016) develop a novel approach to generate populations of human astrocytes to uncover their uniquely human traits.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Brain/cytology ; Humans ; Microglia/cytology ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: The Role of the Neurointensive Care Nursery for Neonatal Encephalopathy.

    Glass, Hannah C / Rowitch, David H

    Clinics in perinatology

    2016  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 547–557

    Abstract: Neonatal encephalopathy due to intrapartum events is estimated at 1 to 2 per 1000 live births in high-income countries. Outcomes have improved over the past decade due to implementation of therapeutic hypothermia, the only clinically available ... ...

    Abstract Neonatal encephalopathy due to intrapartum events is estimated at 1 to 2 per 1000 live births in high-income countries. Outcomes have improved over the past decade due to implementation of therapeutic hypothermia, the only clinically available neuroprotective strategy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Neonatal encephalopathy is the most common condition treated within a neonatal neurocritical care unit. Neonates with encephalopathy benefit from a neurocritical care approach due to prevention of secondary brain injury through attention to basic physiology, earlier recognition and treatment of neurologic complications, consistent management using guidelines and protocols, and use of optimized teams at dedicated referral centers.
    MeSH term(s) Cooperative Behavior ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Neonatologists ; Neurologists ; Neurology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 193116-7
    ISSN 1557-9840 ; 0095-5108
    ISSN (online) 1557-9840
    ISSN 0095-5108
    DOI 10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Diversity and Function of Glial Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis.

    Schirmer, Lucas / Schafer, Dorothy P / Bartels, Theresa / Rowitch, David H / Calabresi, Peter A

    Trends in immunology

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 228–247

    Abstract: Glial subtype diversity is an emerging topic in neurobiology and immune-mediated neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We discuss recent conceptual and technological advances that allow a better understanding of the transcriptomic and ... ...

    Abstract Glial subtype diversity is an emerging topic in neurobiology and immune-mediated neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We discuss recent conceptual and technological advances that allow a better understanding of the transcriptomic and functional heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes (OLs), astrocytes, and microglial cells under inflammatory-demyelinating conditions. Recent single cell transcriptomic studies suggest the occurrence of novel homeostatic and reactive glial subtypes and provide insight into the molecular events during disease progression. Multiplexed RNA in situ hybridization has enabled 'mapping back' dysregulated gene expression to glial subtypes within the MS lesion microenvironment. These findings suggest novel homeostatic and reactive glial-cell-type functions both in immune-related processes and neuroprotection relevant to understanding the pathology of MS.
    MeSH term(s) Astrocytes ; Humans ; Microglia ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neuroglia ; Oligodendroglia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: New Recipes for Myelinating Oligodendrocytes.

    Nobuta, Hiroko / Stockley, John H / Rowitch, David H

    Cell stem cell

    2018  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 464–465

    Abstract: While myelinating oligodendrocytes are attractive candidates for cell-based regenerative therapies, producing them in adequate quantities and regulation of progenitor differentiation pathways has proven limiting. Recently, Hubler et al. (2018) and ... ...

    Abstract While myelinating oligodendrocytes are attractive candidates for cell-based regenerative therapies, producing them in adequate quantities and regulation of progenitor differentiation pathways has proven limiting. Recently, Hubler et al. (2018) and Madhavan et al. (2018) generated cerebral organoids with myelinating oligodendrocytes and manipulated sterol pathway small molecules to promote myelin synthesis.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Myelin Sheath ; Oligodendroglia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2375354-7
    ISSN 1875-9777 ; 1934-5909
    ISSN (online) 1875-9777
    ISSN 1934-5909
    DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Generation of functional human oligodendrocytes from dermal fibroblasts by direct lineage conversion.

    Tanabe, Koji / Nobuta, Hiroko / Yang, Nan / Ang, Cheen Euong / Huie, Philip / Jordan, Sacha / Oldham, Michael C / Rowitch, David H / Wernig, Marius

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2022  Volume 149, Issue 20

    Abstract: Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, possess great potential for disease modeling and cell transplantation-based therapies for leukodystrophies. However, caveats to oligodendrocyte differentiation protocols ( Ehrlich et ... ...

    Abstract Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, possess great potential for disease modeling and cell transplantation-based therapies for leukodystrophies. However, caveats to oligodendrocyte differentiation protocols ( Ehrlich et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2013; Douvaras and Fossati, 2015) from human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which include slow and inefficient differentiation, and tumorigenic potential of contaminating undifferentiated pluripotent cells, are major bottlenecks towards their translational utility. Here, we report the rapid generation of human oligodendrocytes by direct lineage conversion of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We show that the combination of the four transcription factors OLIG2, SOX10, ASCL1 and NKX2.2 is sufficient to convert HDFs to induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs). iOPCs resemble human primary and iPSC-derived OPCs based on morphology and transcriptomic analysis. Importantly, iOPCs can differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Finally, iOPCs derived from patients with Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease, a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene, showed increased cell death compared with iOPCs from healthy donors. Thus, human iOPCs generated by direct lineage conversion represent an attractive new source for human cell-based disease models and potentially myelinating cell grafts.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease/genetics ; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease/metabolism ; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.199723
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: The neurointensive nursery: concept, development, and insights gained.

    Glass, Hannah C / Ferriero, Donna M / Rowitch, David H / Shimotake, Thomas K

    Current opinion in pediatrics

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 202–209

    Abstract: Purpose of review: With the advent of therapeutic hypothermia for treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and improvements in neuroimaging and bedside neuromonitoring, a new era of neonatal brain-focused care has emerged in recent years. We ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: With the advent of therapeutic hypothermia for treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and improvements in neuroimaging and bedside neuromonitoring, a new era of neonatal brain-focused care has emerged in recent years. We describe the development of the first neurointensive care nursery (NICN) as a model for comanagement of neonates with identified neurologic risk factors by a multidisciplinary team constituted of neurologists, neonatologists, specialized nurses, and others with the goal of optimizing management, preventing secondary injury and maximizing long-term outcomes.
    Recent findings: Optimizing brain metabolic environment and perfusion and preventing secondary brain injury are key to neurocritical care. This includes close management of temperature, blood pressure, oxygenation, carbon dioxide, and glucose levels. Early developmental interventions and involvement of physical and occupational therapy provide additional assessment information. Finally, long-term follow-up is essential for any neurocritical care program.
    Summary: The NICN model aims to optimize evidence-based care of infants at risk for neurologic injury. Results from ongoing hypothermia and neuroprotective trials are likely to yield additional treatments. New technologies, such as functional MRI, continuous neurophysiological assessment, and whole genomic approaches to rapid diagnosis may further enhance clinical protocols and neonatal precision medicine. Importantly, advances in neurocritical care improve our ability to provide comprehensive information when counseling families. Long-term follow-up data will determine if the NICN/Neuro-NICU provides enduring benefit to infants at risk for neurologic injury.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/prevention & control ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurology/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049374-8
    ISSN 1531-698X ; 1040-8703
    ISSN (online) 1531-698X
    ISSN 1040-8703
    DOI 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000733
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: A retroviral link to vertebrate myelination through retrotransposon-RNA-mediated control of myelin gene expression.

    Ghosh, Tanay / Almeida, Rafael G / Zhao, Chao / Mannioui, Abdelkrim / Martin, Elodie / Fleet, Alex / Chen, Civia Z / Assinck, Peggy / Ellams, Sophie / Gonzalez, Ginez A / Graham, Stephen C / Rowitch, David H / Stott, Katherine / Adams, Ian / Zalc, Bernard / Goldman, Nick / Lyons, David A / Franklin, Robin J M

    Cell

    2024  Volume 187, Issue 4, Page(s) 814–830.e23

    Abstract: Myelin, the insulating sheath that surrounds neuronal axons, is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). This evolutionary innovation, which first appears in jawed vertebrates, enabled rapid transmission of nerve impulses, more ... ...

    Abstract Myelin, the insulating sheath that surrounds neuronal axons, is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). This evolutionary innovation, which first appears in jawed vertebrates, enabled rapid transmission of nerve impulses, more complex brains, and greater morphological diversity. Here, we report that RNA-level expression of RNLTR12-int, a retrotransposon of retroviral origin, is essential for myelination. We show that RNLTR12-int-encoded RNA binds to the transcription factor SOX10 to regulate transcription of myelin basic protein (Mbp, the major constituent of myelin) in rodents. RNLTR12-int-like sequences (which we name RetroMyelin) are found in all jawed vertebrates, and we further demonstrate their function in regulating myelination in two different vertebrate classes (zebrafish and frogs). Our study therefore suggests that retroviral endogenization played a prominent role in the emergence of vertebrate myelin.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gene Expression ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Retroelements/genetics ; RNA/metabolism ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Anura
    Chemical Substances Retroelements ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Evolving concepts of gliogenesis: a look way back and ahead to the next 25 years.

    Freeman, Marc R / Rowitch, David H

    Neuron

    2013  Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) 613–623

    Abstract: Glial cells are present in all organisms with a CNS and, with increasing brain complexity, glial cells have undergone substantive increases in cell number, diversity, and functions. Invertebrates, such as Drosophila, possess glial subtypes with ... ...

    Abstract Glial cells are present in all organisms with a CNS and, with increasing brain complexity, glial cells have undergone substantive increases in cell number, diversity, and functions. Invertebrates, such as Drosophila, possess glial subtypes with similarity to mammalian astrocytes in their basic morphology and function, representing fertile ground for unraveling fundamental aspects of glial biology. Although glial subtypes in simple organisms may be relatively homogenous, emerging evidence suggests the possibility that mammalian astrocytes might be highly diversified to match the needs of local neuronal subtypes. In this Perspective, we review classic and new roles identified for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes by recent studies. We propose that delineating genetic and developmental programs across species will be essential to understand the core functions of glia that allow enhanced neuronal function and to achieve new insights into glial roles in higher-order brain function and neurological disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neuroglia/classification ; Neuroglia/physiology ; Neurosciences/history ; Neurosciences/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Neuroprotective effects of Sonic hedgehog agonist SAG in a rat model of neonatal stroke.

    Nguyen, Vien / Chavali, Manideep / Larpthaveesarp, Amara / Kodali, Srikirti / Gonzalez, Ginez / Franklin, Robin J M / Rowitch, David H / Gonzalez, Fernando

    Pediatric research

    2021  Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 1161–1170

    Abstract: Background: Neonatal stroke affects 1 in 2800 live births and is a major cause of neurological injury. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is critical for central nervous system (CNS) development and has neuroprotective and reparative effects in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Neonatal stroke affects 1 in 2800 live births and is a major cause of neurological injury. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is critical for central nervous system (CNS) development and has neuroprotective and reparative effects in different CNS injury models. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of small molecule Shh-Smoothened agonist (SAG) against neonatal cerebellar injury and it improves Down syndrome-related brain structural deficits in mice. Here we investigated SAG neuroprotection in rat models of neonatal ischemia-reperfusion (stroke) and adult focal white matter injury.
    Methods: We used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion at P10 and ethidium bromide (EB) injection in adult rats to induce damage. Following surgery and SAG or vehicle treatment, we analyzed tissue loss, cell proliferation and fate, and behavioral outcome.
    Results: We report that a single dose of SAG administered following neonatal stroke preserved brain volume, reduced gliosis, enhanced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and EC proliferation, and resulted in long-term cognitive improvement. Single-dose SAG also promoted proliferation of OPCs following focal demyelination in the adult rat.
    Conclusions: These findings indicate benefit of one-time SAG treatment post insult in reducing brain injury and improving behavioral outcome after experimental neonatal stroke.
    Impact: A one-time dose of small molecule Sonic hedgehog agonist protected against neonatal stroke and improved long-term behavioral outcomes in a rat model. This study extends the use of Sonic hedgehog in treating developing brain injury, previously shown in animal models of Down syndrome and cerebellar injury. Sonic hedgehog agonist is one of the most promising therapies in treating neonatal stroke thanks to its safety profile and low dosage.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications ; Mice ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Small Molecule Libraries/therapeutic use ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Hedgehog Proteins ; Neuroprotective Agents ; SHH protein, human ; Small Molecule Libraries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4411-8
    ISSN 1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
    ISSN (online) 1530-0447
    ISSN 0031-3998
    DOI 10.1038/s41390-021-01408-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top