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  1. Article ; Online: Reaching everyone in general practice? Feasibility of an integrated domestic violence training and support intervention in primary care.

    Szilassy, Eszter / Roy, Jessica / Williamson, Emma / Pitt, Katherine / Man, Mei-See / Feder, Gene

    BMC family practice

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 19

    Abstract: Background: Primary care needs to respond effectively to patients experiencing or perpetrating domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and their children, but there is uncertainty about the value of integrated programmes. The aim of the study was to develop ... ...

    Abstract Background: Primary care needs to respond effectively to patients experiencing or perpetrating domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and their children, but there is uncertainty about the value of integrated programmes. The aim of the study was to develop and test the feasibility of an integrated primary care system-level training and support intervention, called IRIS+ (Enhanced Identification and Referral to Improve Safety), for all patients affected by DVA. IRIS+ was an adaptation of the original IRIS (Identification and Referral to Improve Safety) model designed to reach female survivors of DVA.
    Methods: Observation of training; pre/post intervention questionnaires with clinicians and patients; data extracted from medical records and DVA agency; semi-structured interviews with clinicians, service providers and referred adults and children. Data collection took place between May 2017 and April 2018. Mixed method analysis was undertaken to triangulate data from various sources to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.
    Results: Clinicians and service providers believed that the IRIS+ intervention had filled a service gap and was a valuable resource in identifying and referring women, men and children affected by DVA. Despite increased levels of preparedness reported by clinicians after training in managing the complexity of DVA in their practice, the intervention proved to be insufficient to catalyse identification and specialist referral of men and direct identification and referral (without their non-abusive parents) of children and young people. The study also revealed that reports provided to general practice by other agencies are important sources of information about adult and children patients affected by DVA. However, in the absence of guidance about how to use this information in patient care, there are uncertainties and variation in practice.
    Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the IRIS+ intervention is not feasible in the form and timeframe we evaluated. Further adaptation is required to achieve identification and referral of men and children in primary care: an enhanced focus on engagement with men, direct engagement with children, and improved guidance and training on responding to reports of DVA received from other agencies.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Domestic Violence ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; General Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2296
    ISSN (online) 1471-2296
    DOI 10.1186/s12875-020-01297-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Stereology neuron counts correlate with deep learning estimates in the human hippocampal subregions.

    Oltmer, Jan / Rosenblum, Emma W / Williams, Emily M / Roy, Jessica / Llamas-Rodriguez, Josué / Perosa, Valentina / Champion, Samantha N / Frosch, Matthew P / Augustinack, Jean C

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5884

    Abstract: Hippocampal subregions differ in specialization and vulnerability to cell death. Neuron death and hippocampal atrophy have been a marker for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Relatively few studies have examined neuronal loss in the human brain ... ...

    Abstract Hippocampal subregions differ in specialization and vulnerability to cell death. Neuron death and hippocampal atrophy have been a marker for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Relatively few studies have examined neuronal loss in the human brain using stereology. We characterize an automated high-throughput deep learning pipeline to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons, generate pyramidal neuron estimates within the human hippocampal subfields, and relate our results to stereology neuron counts. Based on seven cases and 168 partitions, we vet deep learning parameters to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons from the background using the open-source CellPose algorithm, and show the automated removal of false-positive segmentations. There was no difference in Dice scores between neurons segmented by the deep learning pipeline and manual segmentations (Independent Samples t-Test: t(28) = 0.33, p = 0.742). Deep-learning neuron estimates strongly correlate with manual stereological counts per subregion (Spearman's correlation (n = 9): r(7) = 0.97, p < 0.001), and for each partition individually (Spearman's correlation (n = 168): r(166) = 0.90, p <0 .001). The high-throughput deep-learning pipeline provides validation to existing standards. This deep learning approach may benefit future studies in tracking baseline and resilient healthy aging to the earliest disease progression.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deep Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Hippocampus ; Neurons ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-32903-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Individual Differences in Working Memory and the N2pc.

    Couperus, Jane W / Lydic, Kirsten O / Hollis, Juniper E / Roy, Jessica L / Lowe, Amy R / Bukach, Cindy M / Reed, Catherine L

    Frontiers in human neuroscience

    2021  Volume 15, Page(s) 620413

    Abstract: The lateralized ERP N2pc component has been shown to be an effective marker of attentional object selection when elicited in a visual search task, specifically reflecting the selection of a target item among distractors. Moreover, when targets are known ... ...

    Abstract The lateralized ERP N2pc component has been shown to be an effective marker of attentional object selection when elicited in a visual search task, specifically reflecting the selection of a target item among distractors. Moreover, when targets are known in advance, the visual search process is guided by representations of target features held in working memory at the time of search, thus guiding attention to objects with target-matching features. Previous studies have shown that manipulating working memory availability via concurrent tasks or within task manipulations influences visual search performance and the N2pc. Other studies have indicated that visual (non-spatial) vs. spatial working memory manipulations have differential contributions to visual search. To investigate this the current study assesses participants' visual and spatial working memory ability independent of the visual search task to determine whether such individual differences in working memory affect task performance and the N2pc. Participants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2425477-0
    ISSN 1662-5161
    ISSN 1662-5161
    DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2021.620413
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: 'It felt like there was always someone there for us': Supporting children affected by domestic violence and abuse who are identified by general practice.

    Roy, Jessica / Williamson, Emma / Pitt, Katherine / Stanley, Nicky / Man, Mei-See / Feder, Gene / Szilassy, Eszter

    Health & social care in the community

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–174

    Abstract: One in five children in the UK are affected by domestic violence and abuse. However, primary care clinicians (GPs and nurses) struggle to effectively identify and support children and young people living in homes where it is present. The IRIS+ (Enhanced ... ...

    Abstract One in five children in the UK are affected by domestic violence and abuse. However, primary care clinicians (GPs and nurses) struggle to effectively identify and support children and young people living in homes where it is present. The IRIS+ (Enhanced Identification and Referral to Improve Safety) training and advocacy support intervention aimed to improve how clinicians respond to children and young people affected by domestic violence and abuse. IRIS+ training was delivered as part of a feasibility study to four general practices in an urban area in England (UK). Our mixed method design included interviews and questionnaires about the IRIS+ intervention with general practice patients, including children and young people as well as with clinicians and advocacy service providers. We collected the number of identifications and referrals by clinicians of children experiencing domestic violence and abuse through a retrospective search of medical and agency records 10 months after the intervention. Forty-nine children exposed to domestic violence and abuse were recorded in medical records. Thirty-five children were referred to a specialist domestic violence and abuse support service over a period of 10 months. Of these, 22 received direct or indirect support. The qualitative findings indicated that children benefitted from being referred by clinicians to the service. However, several barriers at the patient and professional level prevented children and young people from being identified and supported. Some of these barriers can be addressed through modifications to professional training and guidance, but others require systematic and structural changes to the way health and social care services work with children affected by domestic violence and abuse.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child Abuse/prevention & control ; Domestic Violence ; General Practice ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1155902-0
    ISSN 1365-2524 ; 0966-0410
    ISSN (online) 1365-2524
    ISSN 0966-0410
    DOI 10.1111/hsc.13385
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Sharing reports about domestic violence and abuse with general practitioners: a qualitative interview study.

    Pitt, Katherine / Dheensa, Sandi / Feder, Gene / Johnson, Emma / Man, Mei-See / Roy, Jessica / Williamson, Emma / Szilassy, Eszter

    BMC family practice

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 117

    Abstract: Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is common and damaging to health. UK national guidance advocates a multi-agency response to DVA, and domestic homicide reviews consistently recommend improved information-sharing between agencies. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is common and damaging to health. UK national guidance advocates a multi-agency response to DVA, and domestic homicide reviews consistently recommend improved information-sharing between agencies. Identification of patients experiencing DVA in general practice may come from external information shared with the practice, such as police incident reports and multi-agency risk assessment conference (MARAC) reports. The aim of this study was to explore the views of general practitioners (GPs) and the police about sharing reports about DVA with GPs.
    Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs, police staff and a partnership manager. Participants were located across England and Wales. Thematic analysis was undertaken.
    Results: Interviews were conducted with 23 GPs, six police staff and one former partnership manager. Experiences of information-sharing with GPs about DVA varied. Participants described the relevance and value of external reports to GPs to help address the health consequences of DVA and safeguard patients. They balanced competing priorities when managing this information in the electronic medical record, namely visibility to GPs versus the risk of unintended disclosure to patients. GPs also spoke of the judgements they made about exploring DVA with patients based on external reports, which varied between abusive and non-abusive adults and children. Some felt constrained by short general practice consultations. Some police and GPs reflected on a loss of control when information about DVA was shared between agencies, and the risk of unintended consequences. Both police and GPs highlighted the importance of clear information and a shared understanding about responsibility for action.
    Conclusion: GPs regarded external reports about DVA as relevant to their role, but safely recording this information in the electronic medical record and using it to support patients required complex judgements. Both GPs and police staff emphasised the importance of clarity of information and responsibility for action when information was shared between agencies about patients affected by DVA.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Domestic Violence/ethics ; Domestic Violence/legislation & jurisprudence ; Domestic Violence/prevention & control ; Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Electronic Health Records/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/ethics ; Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; Information Dissemination/methods ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Interprofessional Relations ; Law Enforcement/ethics ; Law Enforcement/methods ; Male ; Physical Abuse/ethics ; Physical Abuse/legislation & jurisprudence ; Physical Abuse/prevention & control ; Physical Abuse/statistics & numerical data ; Physician's Role ; Police ; Primary Health Care/methods ; Psychosocial Support Systems ; Risk Assessment/methods ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041495-X
    ISSN 1471-2296 ; 1471-2296
    ISSN (online) 1471-2296
    ISSN 1471-2296
    DOI 10.1186/s12875-020-01171-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Creating Systems Change to Support Goals for HIV Continuum of Care: The Role of Community Coalitions to Reduce Structural Barriers for Adolescents and Young Adults.

    Boyer, Cherrie B / Walker, Bendu C / Chutuape, Kate S / Roy, Jessica / Fortenberry, J Dennis

    Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services

    2016  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 158–179

    Abstract: Routine population-wide HIV screening, early linkage and long-term retention in healthcare for HIV-infected individuals are key nodes of the HIV continuum of care and are essential elements of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Despite this, up to 80% of ... ...

    Abstract Routine population-wide HIV screening, early linkage and long-term retention in healthcare for HIV-infected individuals are key nodes of the HIV continuum of care and are essential elements of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Despite this, up to 80% of youth are unaware of their HIV infection status and only 29% are linked to HIV healthcare; less than half are engaged in long-term HIV healthcare, and far fewer maintain viral suppression. To fill this gap and to address the national call to action to establish a seamless system for immediate linkage to continuous and coordinated quality healthcare after diagnosis, this paper describes the processes and mechanisms by which the SMILE Program worked within the infrastructure of the ATN-affiliated Connect to Protect
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1538-1501
    ISSN 1538-1501
    DOI 10.1080/15381501.2015.1074977
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Microphysiological systems in early stage drug development: Perspectives on current applications and future impact.

    Kopec, Anna K / Yokokawa, Ryuji / Khan, Nasir / Horii, Ikuo / Finley, James E / Bono, Christine P / Donovan, Carol / Roy, Jessica / Harney, Julie / Burdick, Andrew D / Jessen, Bart / Lu, Shuyan / Collinge, Mark / Sadeghian, Ramin Banan / Derzi, Mazin / Tomlinson, Lindsay / Burkhardt, John E

    The Journal of toxicological sciences

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 99–114

    Abstract: Microphysiological systems (MPS) are making advances to provide more standardized and predictive physiologically relevant responses to test articles in living tissues and organ systems. The excitement surrounding the potential of MPS to better predict ... ...

    Abstract Microphysiological systems (MPS) are making advances to provide more standardized and predictive physiologically relevant responses to test articles in living tissues and organ systems. The excitement surrounding the potential of MPS to better predict human responses to medicines and improving clinical translation is overshadowed by their relatively slow adoption by the pharmaceutical industry and regulators. Collaboration between multiorganizational consortia and regulators is necessary to build an understanding of the strengths and limitations of MPS models and closing the current gaps. Here, we review some of the advances in MPS research, focusing on liver, intestine, vascular system, kidney and lung and present examples highlighting the context of use for these systems. For MPS to gain a foothold in drug development, they must have added value over existing approaches. Ideally, the application of MPS will augment in vivo studies and reduce the use of animals via tiered screening with less reliance on exploratory toxicology studies to screen compounds. Because MPS support multiple cell types (e.g. primary or stem-cell derived cells) and organ systems, identifying when MPS are more appropriate than simple 2D in vitro models for understanding physiological responses to test articles is necessary. Once identified, MPS models require qualification for that specific context of use and must be reproducible to allow future validation. Ultimately, the challenges of balancing complexity with reproducibility will inform the promise of advancing the MPS field and are critical for realization of the goal to reduce, refine and replace (3Rs) the use of animals in nonclinical research.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Products ; Drug Development/methods ; Drug Development/trends ; Drug Industry ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Models, Biological
    Chemical Substances Biological Products
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 770623-6
    ISSN 1880-3989 ; 0388-1350
    ISSN (online) 1880-3989
    ISSN 0388-1350
    DOI 10.2131/jts.46.99
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Efficacy of increasing discharge to reduce tow-mediated fish passage across an electric dispersal barrier system in a confined channel

    LeRoy, Jessica Z / Baxter, Carey L / Davis, Jeremiah J / Jackson, P. Ryan / McInerney, Michael K / Murphy, Elizabeth A / Shanks, Matthew R / Trovillion, Jonathan C

    Journal of Great Lakes research. 2019 Aug. 20,

    2019  

    Abstract: The Electric Dispersal Barrier System (EDBS) in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) was built to limit the interbasin transfer of aquatic invasive species between the Mississippi River Basin and the Great Lakes Basin. Commercial barge traffic, or ... ...

    Abstract The Electric Dispersal Barrier System (EDBS) in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) was built to limit the interbasin transfer of aquatic invasive species between the Mississippi River Basin and the Great Lakes Basin. Commercial barge traffic, or tows, moving downstream through the EDBS can facilitate the upstream passage of small fish through the barrier by reducing the voltage gradient of the barrier and causing localized upstream return currents. This study tested whether it is possible to prevent upstream passage of small fish across the barrier by preventing upstream return currents. Measurements of water velocity, voltage gradient, and tow speed, as well as sonar-based observations of resident fish, were made as a tow transited the EDBS moving downstream. The results indicate that upstream return currents can be prevented for typical flow conditions in the CSSC (ambient velocity = 0.15 to 0.23 m/s) when tow speeds are <0.46 m/s. Similarly, increasing the ambient velocity above typical values can prevent upstream return currents for faster tow speeds and larger tows. Additionally, preventing upstream return currents at the EDBS may reduce, but does not prevent, tow-mediated upstream fish passages because tows also cause a temporary reduction in the streamwise voltage gradient at the EDBS. These results have implications for the management of invasive bigheaded carps in the Illinois Waterway.
    Keywords basins ; electric potential difference ; fish ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; invasive species ; traffic ; watersheds ; Great Lakes ; Illinois ; Mississippi River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0820
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2163239-X
    ISSN 0380-1330 ; 0380-1330
    ISSN (online) 0380-1330
    ISSN 0380-1330
    DOI 10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.007
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Book ; Online: Water, women, and local social organization in the Western Kenya highlands ; CAPRi working paper ; 51

    Were, Elizabeth / Swallow, Brent M. / Roy, Jessica

    2006  

    Abstract: Washington, D.C. ... Safe water is widely recognized as both a fundamental human need and a key input into economic activity. Across the developing world, the typical approach to addressing these needs is to segregate supplies of water for domestic use ... ...

    Abstract Washington, D.C.

    ""Safe water is widely recognized as both a fundamental human need and a key input into economic activity. Across the developing world, the typical approach to addressing these needs is to segregate supplies of water for domestic use from water for large-scale agricultural production. In that arrangement, the goal of domestic water supply is to provide small amounts of clean safe water for direct consumption, cleaning, bathing and sanitation, while the goal of agricultural water supply is to provide large amounts of lower quality water for irrigated agriculture. A new third use of water is now being given more attention by researchers: small amounts of water employed in selected household enterprises. This third use may be particularly important for women. There is a potential, therefore, that provision of modest amounts of water to smallholder farmers can enhance household economic production, save labor time for women and girls, and improve family health. This paper adds to the merger literature on the multiple values of improved water supplies – improved health, time savings, and small-scale production for individual farmers and collectives – for the case of a rural community in the western highlands of Kenya. With minimum external support, two groups in this community have managed to install and operate systems of spring protection and piped water to their members’ homesteads. Members of those households, particularly women, have benefited substantially in terms of time savings, health and small-scale production. The experience of this community also illustrates some of the challenges that must be faced for a community to effectively self-organize the investment and maintenance of a communitybased water scheme. There are challenges of finance, gender relations, and conflict over scarce water supplies, group leadership, enforcement of community bi-laws, and policy. Data from a census of springs in the same area show that successful collective action for water management is unusual, but certainly not unique, in this region of Kenya. Although women emerge as the main beneficiaries of improved water management in the community, their substantial contributions are largely hidden behind social norms regarding gender roles and relations. Research methods need to carefully triangulate information sources in order to clarify the very substantial and active roles performed by women. Kenya’s water policy should be modified to better recognize and facilitate small-scale community-based water projects."" -- Authors' Abstract

    Working paper

    IFPRI-1; Environment and Natural Resource Management

    EPTD; CAPRi; Non-PR

    41 pages
    Keywords AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; KENYA; EAST AFRICA ; Gender; Water; Collective action; Community organizations; Community-based organizations; Women
    Subject code 390
    Publisher International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Book: Water, women, and local social organization in the western Kenya highlands

    Were, Elizabeth / Swallow, Brent M / Roy, Jessica

    (ICRAF working paper ; no.12)

    2006  

    Author's details Elizabeth Were, Brent Swallow, Jessica Roy
    Series title ICRAF working paper ; no.12
    Keywords Women in development ; Water-supply, Rural
    Language English
    Size 36 p. :, ill. ;, 28 cm.
    Publisher World Agroforestry Centre, Environmental Services Theme
    Publishing place Nairobi
    Document type Book
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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