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Article ; Online: Establishment of risk acceptance criteria using Life Quality Index: Application to the Indian context.

Roy, Sandip

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

2022 Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 269–279

Abstract: The formulation of risk acceptance criteria may be coupled gainfully with a prediction of the of investment required to comply with it, an exercise which can benefit from the application of socioeconomic indicators. The Life Quality Index (LQI) is one ... ...

Abstract	The formulation of risk acceptance criteria may be coupled gainfully with a prediction of the of investment required to comply with it, an exercise which can benefit from the application of socioeconomic indicators. The Life Quality Index (LQI) is one such indicator which amalgamates human mortality and wealth creation and places an implicit economic value on reduction of life risk. While there have been a number of studies to demonstrate the application of LQI pertaining to various technological systems, the present work extends it to estimate the sectoral level investment needed to reduce public risks to within the As Low As Reasonably Predictable region for the chemical industry, with specific illustration of the methodology for India. The potential reduction in public individual risk is computed as a function of percentage increase in safety investment expressed as a fraction of the industry's contribution to the nation's GDP. In addition, using a new, more accurate expression, estimates of a related parameter, the implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), are obtained for a number of developed economies and India. The ICAF estimates show reasonable agreement with the value of statistical life (VSL), a parameter which is integral to cost-benefit analysis of safety and environmental regulations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Value of Life ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Quality of Life ; India
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	778660-8
ISSN	1539-6924 ; 0272-4332
ISSN (online)	1539-6924
ISSN	0272-4332
DOI	10.1111/risa.13891
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Book ; Online: Compressive Representations of Weather Scenes for Strategic Air Traffic Flow Management

Roy, Sandip

2021

Abstract: Terse representation of high-dimensional weather scene data is explored, in support of strategic air traffic flow management objectives. Specifically, we consider whether aviation-relevant weather scenes are compressible, in the sense that each scene ... ...

Abstract	Terse representation of high-dimensional weather scene data is explored, in support of strategic air traffic flow management objectives. Specifically, we consider whether aviation-relevant weather scenes are compressible, in the sense that each scene admits a possibly-different sparse representation in a basis of interest. Here, compression of weather scenes extracted from METAR data (including temperature, flight categories, and visibility profiles for the contiguous United States) is examined, for the graph-spectral basis. The scenes are found to be compressible, with 75-95% of the scene content captured using 0.5-4% of the basis vectors. Further, the dominant basis vectors for each scene are seen to identify time-varying spatial characteristics of the weather, and reconstruction from the compressed representation is demonstrated. Finally, potential uses of the compressive representations in strategic TFM design are briefly scoped.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Risk-informed land-use planning in the Indian context: A social cost-benefit analysis

Roy, Sandip

Land use policy. 2021 Sept., v. 108

2021

Abstract: Major chemical process accidents over the recent past decades have led to the formulation and enforcement of land-use planning (LUP) practices across many countries, so as to mitigate the public risk emanating from major chemical hazard installations. ... ...

Abstract	Major chemical process accidents over the recent past decades have led to the formulation and enforcement of land-use planning (LUP) practices across many countries, so as to mitigate the public risk emanating from major chemical hazard installations. The present paper presents an approach to deciding land-use policy founded on integrated local risk-acceptance criteria and an attendant societal cost-benefit analysis. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a case study of an example greenfield industrial facility for which the adjoining land is subject to strictures of LUP policy. The context is chosen to be that of India, which is an emergent economy that is beset with unique challenges for balancing land-use between agrarian and industrial use. The societal costs and benefits are computed employing macro-economic indicators; the former comprise opportunity cost of land restricted for development, while the benefit is comprised of the cumulative wealth generation due to economic development of the jurisdiction over the facility life time. The value of the benefit to cost ratio is found to be highest corresponding to a LUP based on a relatively relaxed risk acceptance criterion with As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) limits of 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴/yr for public individual risk. The primary reason for this outcome is that, in comparison to a developed economy, land prices in India are relatively high vis-à-vis labour productivity and wages. This shifts the LUP choice towards the policy which involves least land-use restrictions against non-agrarian, commercial developments in the vicinity of major hazard installations. It is also demonstrated that if the per capita GDP values corresponded to those of developed economies, a LUP policy based on a more stringent risk acceptance criterion may be affordable for the society. An additional significant finding of the study is that the Value of Statistical Life of humans makes a relatively minor contribution to the societal cost-benefit analysis. Thus, its value as a determinant to LUP decision may be relatively limited. This essentially underscores the idea that the broader objective of LUP need be to simultaneously foster economic development and minimise human and other critical losses.
Keywords	case studies ; chemical hazards ; cost benefit analysis ; economic development ; green infrastructure ; humans ; labor productivity ; land policy ; opportunity costs ; risk ; society ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	852476-2
ISSN	0264-8377
ISSN	0264-8377
DOI	10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105684
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Enhancing Data Security of Cloud Based LMS.

Chatterjee, Paramita / Bose, Rajesh / Banerjee, Subhasish / Roy, Sandip

Wireless personal communications

2023 Volume 130, Issue 2, Page(s) 1123–1139

Abstract: Around the world, the educational system is evolving. The new trend can be found in traditional classroom systems as well as digitalization systems. Cloud-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) will accelerate the educational industry forward in the ... ...

Abstract	Around the world, the educational system is evolving. The new trend can be found in traditional classroom systems as well as digitalization systems. Cloud-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) will accelerate the educational industry forward in the next years because they can provide end-user with a versatile, convenient, secure, and cost-effective learning process. The cloud-based LMS approach is the most effective and proper learning model in the worldwide educational sector, particularly if the organization is in a state of depression owing to a global pandemic. It can be utilized over the internet with several users on the same platform. As a result, the initial requirement is important to enable to the LMS model. Despite its many advantages, LMS confronts challenges such as confidentiality, user acceptance, and traffic. In a pandemic like Covid 19, the entire planet depends on a safe LMS platform to establish student and instructor trust. Therefore, with this work, the attempt has been made to explain one LMS model that may provide its users with optimal security, a user-friendly environment, and quick access. This paper discusses the use of the cloud attack, and also cryptographic and steganographic security models and techniques to address these issues. There's also information on what kinds of security vulnerabilities or operations on cloud data are feasible, and also how to deal with them using various algorithms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1479327-1
ISSN	1572-834X ; 0929-6212
ISSN (online)	1572-834X
ISSN	0929-6212
DOI	10.1007/s11277-023-10323-5
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Book ; Online: Graph-Theoretic Analyses and Model Reduction for an Open Jackson Queueing Network

Zhu, Chenyan / Roy, Sandip

2023

Abstract: A graph-theoretic analysis of the steady-state behavior of an open Jackson queueing network is developed. In particular, a number of queueing-network performance metrics are shown to exhibit a spatial dependence on local drivers (e.g. increments to local ...

Abstract	A graph-theoretic analysis of the steady-state behavior of an open Jackson queueing network is developed. In particular, a number of queueing-network performance metrics are shown to exhibit a spatial dependence on local drivers (e.g. increments to local exogenous arrival rates), wherein the impacts fall off across graph cutsets away from a target queue. This graph-theoretic analysis is also used to motivate a structure-preserving model reduction algorithm, and an algorithm that exactly matches performance statistics of the original model is proposed. The graph-theoretic results and model-reduction method are evaluated via simulations of an example queueing-network model. Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, this paper submitted to ACC2023
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ; Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: On the Spatial Pattern of Input-Output Metrics for a Network Synchronization Process

Sarker, Subir / Roy, Sandip

2022

Abstract: A graph-theoretic analysis is undertaken for a compendium of input-output (transfer) metrics of a standard discrete-time linear synchronization model, including lp gains, frequency responses, frequency-band energy, and Markov parameters. We show that ... ...

Abstract	A graph-theoretic analysis is undertaken for a compendium of input-output (transfer) metrics of a standard discrete-time linear synchronization model, including lp gains, frequency responses, frequency-band energy, and Markov parameters. We show that these transfer metrics exhibit a spatial degradation, such that they are monotonically nonincreasing along vertex cutsets away from an exogenous input. We use this spatial analysis to characterize signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in diffusive networks driven by process noise, and to develop a notion of propagation stability for dynamical networks. Finally, the formal results are illustrated through an example.
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Using Demand Response to Improve Power System Small-Signal Stability

Yao, Mengqi / Roy, Sandip / Mathieu, Johanna L.

2023

Abstract: With the increase of uncertain and intermittent renewable energy supply on the grid, the power system has become more vulnerable to instability. In this paper, we develop a demand response strategy to improve power system small-signal stability. We pose ... ...

Abstract	With the increase of uncertain and intermittent renewable energy supply on the grid, the power system has become more vulnerable to instability. In this paper, we develop a demand response strategy to improve power system small-signal stability. We pose the problem as an optimization problem wherein the total demand-responsive load is held constant at each time instance but shifted between different buses to improve small-signal stability, which is measured by small-signal stability metrics that are functions of subsets of the system's eigenvalues, such as the smallest damping ratio. To solve the problem, we use iterative linear programming and generalized eigenvalue sensitivities. We demonstrate the approach via a case study that uses the IEEE 14-bus system. Our results show that shifting the load between buses, can improve a small-signal stability margin. We explore the use of models of different fidelity and find that it is important to include models of the automatic voltage regulators and power system stabilizers. In addition, we show that load shifting can achieve similar improvements to generation shifting and better improvement than simply tuning power system stabilizers.
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Emergence of slip-ideal-slip behavior in tip-links serve as force filters of sound in hearing.

Arora, Nisha / Hazra, Jagadish P / Roy, Sandip / Bhati, Gaurav K / Gupta, Sarika / Yogendran, K P / Chaudhuri, Abhishek / Sagar, Amin / Rakshit, Sabyasachi

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1595

Abstract: Tip-links in the inner ear convey force from sound and trigger mechanotransduction. Here, we present evidence that tip-links (collectively as heterotetrameric complexes of cadherins) function as force filters during mechanotransduction. Our force-clamp ... ...

Abstract	Tip-links in the inner ear convey force from sound and trigger mechanotransduction. Here, we present evidence that tip-links (collectively as heterotetrameric complexes of cadherins) function as force filters during mechanotransduction. Our force-clamp experiments reveal that the tip-link complexes show slip-ideal-slip bond dynamics. At low forces, the lifetime of the tip-link complex drops monotonically, indicating slip-bond dynamics. The ideal bond, rare in nature, is seen in an intermediate force regime where the survival of the complex remains constant over a wide range. At large forces, tip-links follow a slip bond and dissociate entirely to cut-off force transmission. In contrast, the individual tip-links (heterodimers) display slip-catch-slip bonds to the applied forces. While with a phenotypic mutant, we showed the importance of the slip-catch-slip bonds in uninterrupted hearing, our coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations demonstrated that the slip-ideal-slip bonds emerge as a collective feature from the slip-catch-slip bonds of individual tip-links.
MeSH term(s)	Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Hearing ; Cadherins/chemistry ; Ear, Inner
Chemical Substances	Cadherins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45423-8
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Book ; Online: Compressibility of Network Opinion and Spread States in the Laplacian-Eigenvector Basis

Roy, Sandip / Xue, Mengran

2021

Abstract: Opinion-evolution and spread processes on networks (e.g., infectious disease spread, opinion formation in social networks) are not only high dimensional but also volatile and multiscale in nature. In this study, we explore whether snapshot data from ... ...

Abstract	Opinion-evolution and spread processes on networks (e.g., infectious disease spread, opinion formation in social networks) are not only high dimensional but also volatile and multiscale in nature. In this study, we explore whether snapshot data from these processes can admit terse representations. Specifically, using three case studies, we explore whether the data are compressible in the Laplacian-eigenvector basis, in the sense that each snapshot can be approximated well using a (possibly different) small set of basis vectors. The first case study is concerned with a linear consensus model that is subject to a stochastic input at an unknown location; both empirical and formal analyses are used to characterize compressibility. Second, compressibility of state snapshots for a stochastic voter model is assessed via an empirical study. Finally, compressibility is studied for state-level daily COVID-19 positivity-rate data. The three case studies indicate that state snapshots from opinion-evolution and spread processes allow terse representations, which nevertheless capture their rich propagative dynamics. Comment: Submitted to the 2021 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ; Physics - Physics and Society
Publishing date	2021-03-28
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Observability-Blocking Control using Sparser and Regional Feedback for Network Synchronization Processes

Maruf, Abdullah Al / Roy, Sandip

2021

Abstract: The design of feedback control systems to block observability in a network synchronization model, i.e. to make the dynamics unobservable from measurements at a subset of the network's nodes, is studied. First, a general design algorithm is presented for ... ...

Abstract	The design of feedback control systems to block observability in a network synchronization model, i.e. to make the dynamics unobservable from measurements at a subset of the network's nodes, is studied. First, a general design algorithm is presented for blocking observability at any specified group of $m$ nodes, by applying state feedback controls at $m+2$ specified actuation nodes. The algorithm is based on a method for eigenstructure assignment, which allows surgical modification of particular eigenvectors to block observability while preserving the remaining open-loop eigenstructure. Next, the topological structure of the network is exploited to reduce the number of controllers required for blocking observability; the result is based on blocking observability on the nodes associated with a vertex-cutset separating the actuation and measurement locations. Also, the design is modified to encompass regional feedback controls, which only use data from a subset of accessible nodes. The regional feedback design does not maintain the open-loop eigenstructure, but can be guaranteed to preserve stability via a time-scale argument. The results are illustrated with numerical examples.
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Publishing date	2021-03-15
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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