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  1. Article: The Effects of Exam-Induced Stress on EEG Profiles and Memory Scores.

    Roy, Taylor / Saroka, Kevin S / Hossack, Victoria L / Dotta, Blake T

    Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 5

    Abstract: Common stressors amongst postsecondary students are exam-induced anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study was to measure stress alterations in the student population around examinations and determine how they affect electroencephalogram (EEG) ... ...

    Abstract Common stressors amongst postsecondary students are exam-induced anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study was to measure stress alterations in the student population around examinations and determine how they affect electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles and memory scores. Twenty university students were measured multiple times in the study. During each measurement, participants were administered a cortisol saliva test and an EEG. We hypothesized that cortisol levels, memory scores, and EEG profiles would all demonstrate changes near examinations. The brain regions of interest (ROIs) were the parahippocampal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus. Results demonstrated that memory performance and parahippocampal activity were correlated, specifically in the 5-9 Hz frequency band. Correlations were also computed between cortisol levels, memory performance, and parahippocampal activity. The medial frontal gyrus also displayed changes in the mean (19-20 Hz) current source density (CSD) throughout the experiment. The middle frontal gyrus activation was highly variable during the different measurement time points. Essentially, when an individual's memory scores were consistent between exam and nonexam trials, there was an increase in middle frontal gyrus activation during examination periods. Lastly, the right parahippocampal gyrus was found to be the most activated one day away from examination time. These results indicate that memory scores are related to cortisol levels and examination periods, but most importantly, there are overt and predictable alterations in student EEG profiles near examinations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651997-5
    ISSN 2076-328X
    ISSN 2076-328X
    DOI 10.3390/bs13050373
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Reliability and validity of the medial standing overhead arm reach (SOAR) test as a measure of functional hip adduction motion.

    Grimes, Jason / Wager, Justin / DiZinno, Casey / Fogarty, Thomas / Hund, Eric / Rooney, Brendan / Roy, Taylor / Goldfarb, Jon / Bauer, Paul

    Clinical rehabilitation

    2024  , Page(s) 2692155241236600

    Abstract: Objective: The Posterior Standing Overhead Arm Reach (SOAR) test has been previously reported as a reliable clinical measure of closed chain hip extension motion. The proposed Medial SOAR test expands on that testing approach to provide a similar ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The Posterior Standing Overhead Arm Reach (SOAR) test has been previously reported as a reliable clinical measure of closed chain hip extension motion. The proposed Medial SOAR test expands on that testing approach to provide a similar measure of functional hip adduction motion. This was a preliminary intrarater and interrater reliability and validity study of the Medial SOAR test as a measure of functional hip adduction.
    Design: Cross-sectional.
    Setting: University motion analysis laboratory.
    Participants: Fifty hips were assessed in 25 (22 female) asymptomatic participants (mean age = 23.4 years, SD = 0.8).
    Main measures: Maximum hip adduction during the Medial SOAR test was measured with a standard goniometer independently by two examiners. The test was also performed using three-dimensional motion capture. The intrarater and interrater reliability of the goniometric measure was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients, and the relationship between measures obtained via goniometry and three-dimensional motion capture was assessed with Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analysis.
    Results: Intrarater reliability (ICC
    Conclusions: Similar to the previously reported Posterior SOAR test, the Medial SOAR test demonstrated acceptable intrarater and interrater reliability, along with low-to-moderate associations with three-dimensional motion capture. The Medial SOAR test has the potential to provide a reliable and accurate assessment of closed chain hip adduction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639276-3
    ISSN 1477-0873 ; 0269-2155
    ISSN (online) 1477-0873
    ISSN 0269-2155
    DOI 10.1177/02692155241236600
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Measurement of intraorgan fat and hepatic output of triglycerides in human type 2 diabetes by magnetic resonance and intralipid infusion techniques

    Ahmad Al-Mrabeh / Carl Peters / Kieren G. Hollingsworth / Roy Taylor

    STAR Protocols, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 100355- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Liver fat content and the linked rate of export of triglyceride are central to the etiology of type 2 diabetes, as well as to the cardiovascular effects of fatty liver disease. Measurement in humans of intrahepatic and intrapancreatic fat ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Liver fat content and the linked rate of export of triglyceride are central to the etiology of type 2 diabetes, as well as to the cardiovascular effects of fatty liver disease. Measurement in humans of intrahepatic and intrapancreatic fat content is described using magnetic resonance techniques and quantification of the rate of hepatic secretion of very low density lipoprotein using a non-isotopic competitive blocking of tissue uptake. This protocol is non-invasive, can be repeated sequentially, and does not involve ionizing radiation.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to (Taylor et al., 2018) and (Al-Mrabeh et al., 2020b).
    Keywords Clinical protocol ; Metabolism ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Using trials of caloric restriction and bariatric surgery to explore the effects of body mass index on the circulating proteome

    Lucy J. Goudswaard / Madeleine L. Smith / David A. Hughes / Roy Taylor / Michael Lean / Naveed Sattar / Paul Welsh / Alex McConnachie / Jane M. Blazeby / Chris A. Rogers / Karsten Suhre / Shaza B. Zaghlool / Ingeborg Hers / Nicholas J. Timpson / Laura J. Corbin

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract Thousands of proteins circulate in the bloodstream; identifying those which associate with weight and intervention-induced weight loss may help explain mechanisms of diseases associated with adiposity. We aimed to identify consistent protein ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Thousands of proteins circulate in the bloodstream; identifying those which associate with weight and intervention-induced weight loss may help explain mechanisms of diseases associated with adiposity. We aimed to identify consistent protein signatures of weight loss across independent studies capturing changes in body mass index (BMI). We analysed proteomic data from studies implementing caloric restriction (Diabetes Remission Clinical trial) and bariatric surgery (By-Band-Sleeve), using SomaLogic and Olink Explore1536 technologies, respectively. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effect of the interventions on circulating proteins. Twenty-three proteins were altered in a consistent direction after both bariatric surgery and caloric restriction, suggesting that these proteins are modulated by weight change, independent of intervention type. We also integrated Mendelian randomisation (MR) estimates of the effect of BMI on proteins measured by SomaLogic from a UK blood donor cohort as a third line of causal evidence. These MR estimates provided further corroborative evidence for a role of BMI in regulating the levels of six proteins including alcohol dehydrogenase-4, nogo receptor and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein. These results indicate the importance of triangulation in interrogating causal relationships; further study into the role of proteins modulated by weight in disease is now warranted.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Erratum for Lloyd et al., "Evidence for a Growth Zone for Deep-Subsurface Microbial Clades in Near-Surface Anoxic Sediments".

    Lloyd, Karen G / Bird, Jordan T / Buongiorno, Joy / Deas, Emily / Kevorkian, Richard / Noordhoek, Talor / Rosalsky, Jacob / Roy, Taylor

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 21

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/AEM.02224-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evidence for a Growth Zone for Deep-Subsurface Microbial Clades in Near-Surface Anoxic Sediments.

    Lloyd, Karen G / Bird, Jordan T / Buongiorno, Joy / Deas, Emily / Kevorkian, Richard / Noordhoek, Talor / Rosalsky, Jacob / Roy, Taylor

    Applied and environmental microbiology

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 19

    Abstract: Global marine sediments harbor a large and highly diverse microbial biosphere, but the mechanism by which this biosphere is established during sediment burial is largely unknown. During burial in marine sediments, concentrations of easily metabolized ... ...

    Abstract Global marine sediments harbor a large and highly diverse microbial biosphere, but the mechanism by which this biosphere is established during sediment burial is largely unknown. During burial in marine sediments, concentrations of easily metabolized organic compounds and total microbial cell abundance decrease. However, it is unknown whether some microbial clades increase with depth. We show total population increases in 38 microbial families over 3 cm of sediment depth in the upper 7.5 cm of White Oak River (WOR) estuary sediments. Clades that increased with depth were more often associated with one or more of the following: anaerobes, uncultured, or common in deep marine sediments relative to those that decreased. Maximum doubling times (
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/growth & development ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Microbiota ; North Carolina ; RNA, Archaeal/analysis ; RNA, Bacterial/analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis ; Rivers/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
    Chemical Substances RNA, Archaeal ; RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 223011-2
    ISSN 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
    ISSN (online) 1098-5336
    ISSN 0099-2240
    DOI 10.1128/AEM.00877-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Quantification of intrapancreatic fat in type 2 diabetes by MRI.

    Ahmad Al-Mrabeh / Kieren G Hollingsworth / Sarah Steven / Dina Tiniakos / Roy Taylor

    PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e

    2017  Volume 0174660

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES:Accumulation of intrapancreatic fat may be important in type 2 diabetes, but widely varying data have been reported. The standard quantification by MRI in vivo is time consuming and dependent upon a high level of experience. We aimed to ... ...

    Abstract OBJECTIVES:Accumulation of intrapancreatic fat may be important in type 2 diabetes, but widely varying data have been reported. The standard quantification by MRI in vivo is time consuming and dependent upon a high level of experience. We aimed to develop a new method which would minimise inter-observer variation and to compare this against previously published datasets. METHODS:A technique of 'biopsying' the image to minimise inclusion of non-parenchymal tissues was developed. Additionally, thresholding was applied to exclude both pancreatic ducts and intrusions of visceral fat, with pixels of fat values of <1% or >20% being excluded. The new MR image 'biopsy' (MR-opsy) was compared to the standard method by 6 independent observers with wide experience of image analysis but no experience of pancreas imaging. The effect of the new method was examined on datasets from two studies of weight loss in type 2 diabetes. RESULTS:At low levels of intrapancreatic fat neither the result nor the inter-observer CV was changed by MR-opsy, thresholding or a combination of the methods. However, at higher levels the conventional method exhibited poor inter-observer agreement (coefficient of variation 26.9%) and the new combined method improved the CV to 4.3% (p<0.03). Using either MR-opsy alone or with thresholding, the new methods indicated a closer relationship between decrease in intrapancreatic fat and fall in blood glucose. CONCLUSION:The inter-observer variation for quantifying intrapancreatic fat was substantially improved by the new method when pancreas fat levels were moderately high. The method will improve comparability of pancreas fat measurement between research groups.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: An SH3PX1-Dependent Endocytosis-Autophagy Network Restrains Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation by Counteracting EGFR-ERK Signaling.

    Zhang, Peng / Holowatyj, Andreana N / Roy, Taylor / Pronovost, Stephen M / Marchetti, Marco / Liu, Hanbin / Ulrich, Cornelia M / Edgar, Bruce A

    Developmental cell

    2019  Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 574–589.e5

    Abstract: The effect of intracellular vesicle trafficking on stem-cell behavior is largely unexplored. We screened the Drosophila sorting nexins (SNXs) and discovered that one, SH3PX1, profoundly affects gut homeostasis and lifespan. SH3PX1 restrains intestinal ... ...

    Abstract The effect of intracellular vesicle trafficking on stem-cell behavior is largely unexplored. We screened the Drosophila sorting nexins (SNXs) and discovered that one, SH3PX1, profoundly affects gut homeostasis and lifespan. SH3PX1 restrains intestinal stem cell (ISC) division through an endocytosis-autophagy network that includes Dynamin, Rab5, Rab7, Atg1, 5, 6, 7, 8a, 9, 12, 16, and Syx17. Blockages in this network stabilize ligand-activated EGFRs, recycling them via Rab11-dependent endosomes to the plasma membrane. This hyperactivated ERK, calcium signaling, and ER stress, autonomously stimulating ISC proliferation. The excess divisions induced epithelial stress, Yki activity, and Upd3 and Rhomboid production in enterocytes, catalyzing feedforward ISC hyperplasia. Similarly, blocking autophagy increased ERK activity in human cells. Many endocytosis-autophagy genes are mutated in cancers, most notably those enriched in microsatellite instable-high and KRAS-wild-type colorectal cancers. Disruptions in endocytosis and autophagy may provide an alternative route to RAS-ERK activation, resulting in EGFR-dependent cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/metabolism ; ErbB Receptors/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Protein Transport ; RNA Polymerase II/genetics ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Sorting Nexins/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Drosophila Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide ; SH3PX1 protein, Drosophila ; Sorting Nexins ; Egfr protein, Drosophila (EC 2.7.10.1) ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1) ; RNA Polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.-) ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2054967-2
    ISSN 1878-1551 ; 1534-5807
    ISSN (online) 1878-1551
    ISSN 1534-5807
    DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.029
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  9. Article ; Online: Altered volume, morphology and composition of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes.

    Mavin Macauley / Katie Percival / Peter E Thelwall / Kieren G Hollingsworth / Roy Taylor

    PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 5, p e

    2015  Volume 0126825

    Abstract: Although impairment in pancreatic insulin secretion is known to precede the clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes by up to a decade, fasting blood glucose concentration only rises abnormally once the impairment reaches a critical threshold. Despite its ... ...

    Abstract Although impairment in pancreatic insulin secretion is known to precede the clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes by up to a decade, fasting blood glucose concentration only rises abnormally once the impairment reaches a critical threshold. Despite its centrality to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is the least studied organ due to its inaccessible anatomical position. Previous ultrasound and CT studies have suggested a possible decrease in pancreatic volume in type 2 diabetes. However, ultrasound techniques are relatively insensitive while CT uses ionizing radiation, making these modalities unsuitable for precise, longitudinal studies designed to explore the underlying mechanisms of type 2 diabetes. Hence there is a need to develop a non-invasive, safe and precise method to quantitate pancreas volume.We developed and applied magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T to obtain balanced turbo field echo (BTFE) structural images of the pancreas, together with 3-point Dixon images to quantify pancreatic triglyceride content. Pancreas volume, morphology and triglyceride content was quantified in a group of 41 subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≤ 7.6%) taking only metformin (duration of T2DM 5.7 ± 0.7 years), and a control group of 14 normal glucose tolerance subjects matched for age, weight and sex.The mean pancreatic volume was found to be 33% less in type 2 diabetes than in normal glucose tolerant subjects (55.5 ± 2.8 vs. 82.6 ± 4.8 cm3; p < 0.0001). Pancreas volume was positively correlated with HOMA-β in the type 2 diabetes subjects (r = 0.31; p = 0.03) and controls (r = 0.46; p = 0.05) considered separately; and in the whole population studied (r = 0.37; p = 0.003). In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas was typically involuted with a serrated border. Pancreatic triglyceride content was 23% greater (5.4 ± 0.3 vs. 4.4 ± 0.4%; p = 0.02) in the type 2 diabetes group.This study describes for the first time gross abnormalities of the pancreas in early type 2 diabetes and quantifies the ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Interlaboratory quantification of Bacteria and Archaea in deeply buried sediments of the Baltic Sea (IODP Expedition 347).

    Buongiorno, Joy / Turner, Stephanie / Webster, Gordon / Asai, Masanori / Shumaker, Alexander K / Roy, Taylor / Weightman, Andrew / Schippers, Axel / Lloyd, Karen G

    FEMS microbiology ecology

    2017  Volume 93, Issue 3

    Abstract: Two common quantification methods for subseafloor microorganisms are catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using these methods, we quantified Bacteria and Archaea in Baltic Sea basin ... ...

    Abstract Two common quantification methods for subseafloor microorganisms are catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using these methods, we quantified Bacteria and Archaea in Baltic Sea basin sediments (IODP Exp. 347) down to 90 mbsf, testing the following hypotheses in an interlaboratory comparison: (1) proteinase K permeabilization of archaeal cell walls increases CARD-FISH accuracy and (2) qPCR varies by more than an order of magnitude between laboratories using similar protocols. CARD-FISH counts did not differ between permeabilization treatments, demonstrating that proteinase K did not increase accuracy of CARD-FISH counts. However, 91% of these counts were below the quantification limit of 1.3 × 107 cells cm-3. For qPCR, data varied between laboratories, but were largely within the same order of magnitude if the same primers were used, with 88% of samples being above the quantification limit. Copy number values were elevated by preparing a sediment slurry before DNA extraction: 3.88 × 106-2.34 × 109 16S rRNA gene copies cm-3 vs. 1.39 × 107-1.87 × 109 total cells cm-3. By qPCR, Bacteria were more abundant than Archaea, although they usually were within the same order of magnitude. Overall, qPCR is more sensitive than CARD-FISH, but both require optimization to consistently achieve both precision and accuracy.
    MeSH term(s) Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/growth & development ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Colony Count, Microbial ; DNA Primers ; Expeditions ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Seawater/microbiology ; Water Microbiology
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 283722-5
    ISSN 1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
    ISSN (online) 1574-6941
    ISSN 0168-6496
    DOI 10.1093/femsec/fix007
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